Impact of Psychological Consequences on Poverty: An Evidence from Pakistan

The limitation and the complications which the economic agents are facing are studied in behavioral economics. The current study underhand is an attempt to explore the impact of psychological consequences on household incomes. The current study underhand used World Value Survey data for the years 2012-2014 for Pakistan. Simple Linear Regression analysis was used to measure the impact of psychological variables on the income of households in Pakistan. The results show that people with a more external locus of control positively affect their incomes, as they do believe in external factors like fate and luck for its success or failure. Creativity, loneliness, and positivity have a direct relation with income while mistrust and risk aversion have an inverse relation with income. Creative minds of individuals, freedom of choice to control their lives phenomenon have a strong, positive and significant association with income. Creativity at work increase income or regular work for just reward increase income. This means that the individuals who mistrust less are consequently quicker in taking economic decisions and would make investment planning that will lead to an increase in their income. A second estimated model of this study includes all socioeconomic variables which can determine the level of income. These variables cover a wide range of demographic and social variables. These socioeconomics variables are age, gender, level of education, number of children, marital status, interaction variable of marital status and age, a square of interaction variable of marital status and age, interaction variable of gender and age, a square of interaction variables of gender and age and dummies of the province. Results show that all these variables have a significant relation with income level. All the socioeconomic and demographic variables have a strong association with the level of income. It reveals that the dummy of marital status negatively influences the income, it means that an unmarried man can earn more than a married. This study suggested that policymakers should take initial steps to focus on human psychology while making efforts to reduce the poverty level.

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FENOMENA MIGRASI TENAGA KERJA DAN PERANNYA BAGI PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH ASAL: STUDI EMPIRIS DI KABUPATEN WONOGIRI

Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan ◽

10.23917/jep.v10i1.810 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 84

Author(s):

Didit Purnomo

Keyword(s):

Marital Status ◽

Labor Migration ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Logistic Analysis ◽

Regional Origin ◽

Independent Variable ◽

The Impact

This research analyzes (a) patterns of labor migration from Wonogiri Regency, (b) the impact of migration on the welfare level by taking into account the income level of migrant Wonogiri Regency, and (c) the role of migrants seen from homelands conditions. The results of binary logistic analysis showed that the variables age, education, and marital status, have a significant effect on intention nomads to settle in the overseas area. Based on survey findings in the field, 88.8 percent of Wonogiri nomads do not want to settle in the overseas regions. The economic analysis through linear regression analysis to explain the role of the nomads and the impact on the regional origin that shows only one independent variable that is used has a significant influence on the local nomads income overseas, namely: level of education, while the other independent variables are family dependents, ownership of property in the area of origin, length of stay in overseas, and marital status had no significant effect.

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Psychiatric side effects induced by supraphysiological doses of combinations of anabolic steroids correlate to the severity of abuse

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.09.001 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 551-562 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Thomas A. Pagonis ◽

Nikiforos V. Angelopoulos ◽

George N. Koukoulis ◽

Christos S. Hadjichristodoulou

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Anabolic Steroids ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Time Interval ◽

Psychological Consequences ◽

Psychometric Instruments ◽

Wide Range ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Psychiatric Side Effects

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of our study was to evaluate the psychological consequences of real-world AAS use in athletes abusing such agents, in comparison with a placebo and control group of comparable athletes, while correlating the severity of abuse with the side effects observed. The hypothesis tested by the study was that the use of AAS induces a wide range of psychological side effects whose impact and emergence is dependent upon the severity of the abuse.DesignThe study includes a substantial group of AAS abusing athletes and two more groups demographically similar to the first, one composed of athletes not using any substance and a placebo group. All athletes were stratified according to the severity of AAS abuse. Psychometric instruments were applied to all athletes in specific time intervals, dependent to the AAS abusers' regimens, providing us with a final psychological profile that was to be compared to the pre-study profile. All results were comparable (within and between groups) for statistically significant differences and correlated to the severity of the abuse. Homogeneity of all groups was safeguarded by random doping controls, monitoring of drug levels and analysis of all self obtained drugs by method of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. All athletes were provided with a common exercise and dietary regime, so common training and nutritional conditions were achieved.MethodsWe studied a cohort of 320 body-building, amateur and recreational athletes, of whom 160 were active users of AAS (group C), 80 users administering placebo drugs (group B) and 80 not abusing any substance (Group A). Group C athletes were stratified according to AAS abuse parameters, thus providing us with three subgroups of “light, medium and heavy abuse”. Athletes of groups A and B were included in a “no abuse” subgroup. The psychometric instruments used were the Symptoms Check List-90 (SCL-90) and the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ). The psychometric evaluations took place within a time interval of 13 months. Statistical analysis was performed by using the Mann–Whitney/Wilcoxon two-sample non-parametric test (Kruskal–Wallis test for two groups) for data that were not normally distributed and Linear regression analysis was used to ascertain the correlation between severity of use and escalation of side effects.ResultsThe study showed a statistically significant increase in all psychometric subscales recorded in group C, and no statistically significant difference in group C and A. There was a significant increase in the scorings of group C for all subscales of SCL-90 and HDHQ. Correlation of abuse severity and side effects showed that there was a statistical significant increase in Δ values of all SCL-90 and HDHQ subscales that escalated from light abuse to medium and heavy abuse/consumption patterns.ConclusionsThe results of the study suggest that the wide range of psychiatric side effects induced by the use of AAS is correlated to the severity of abuse and the force of these side effects intensifies as the abuse escalates.

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Comparison of rural versus urban residence for symptoms and quality of life in recurrent ovarian cancer: Baseline analysis of GOG-0259, an NRG Oncology/GOG study.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e18083 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e18083-e18083 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sarah M. Belcher ◽

Susan M. Sereika ◽

Zan M. Dodson ◽

Meghan K. Mattos ◽

Teresa Hagan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Marital Status ◽

Recurrent Ovarian Cancer ◽

Future Research ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Financial Barriers ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Impact

e18083 Background: Women with recurrent ovarian cancer (OC) experience a wide range of cancer- and treatment-related symptoms that negatively impact quality of life (QOL). Studies have reported healthcare disparities by geographic residence related to distance, time, and financial barriers to accessing high quality care. However, no studies have evaluated the impact of residence on symptoms and QOL in women with OC. Therefore, our objectives were to evaluate whether geographic residence (urban versus rural) is associated with symptoms and QOL in a sample of women with recurrent OC. Methods: The Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion conceptual framework guided analyses of baseline GOG-0259 data. We mapped zip codes to RUCA commuter codes and compared sociodemographic and clinical variables between rural and urban groups using two-sample t and chi-square tests. We used MANCOVA, adjusted for age and marital status, to test for associations between residence and symptoms (Symptom Representation Questionnaire) and QOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Ovarian). Results: Rural (n = 122, 25%) and urban (n = 374, 75%) women were similar in all sociodemographic and clinical comparisons except for marital status (83% vs. 70% married, p = .003). Women reported moderate symptom severity (M = 5.5, SD = 2.3) and QOL scores similar to other OC studies (M = 108.4, SD = 19.5). In multi-variate analyses, age and marital status were both associated with symptoms; marital status was associated with QOL. Geographical residence was not associated with either symptoms or QOL. Conclusions: Counter to previous research, there were no symptom or QOL disparities based on geographic residence in this sample. Possible explanations to be explored in future research include a) cooperative group selection bias for women with good access to care regardless of geographic residence and b) protective effects of marital status on symptoms and QOL.

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Impact of Freedom of Choice on Income: An Evidence from Pakistan

Journal of Economic Impact ◽

10.52223/jei0102195 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 64-69

Author(s):

Humaira Mumtaz ◽

Muhammad Asif Malik ◽

Haroon Javaid ◽

Asad ur Rehman Naseer

Keyword(s):

Positive Impact ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Simple Linear Regression ◽

Freedom Of Choice ◽

World Value Survey ◽

Employment Level ◽

Economic Decisions ◽

Socio Economic Variables ◽

Household Incomes ◽

The Impact

People make hundreds of economic decisions each day, from what they will eat or even to decide career move. Research advocates that human behavior is strongly affected by freedom given to him and those blocks avoid them to act in accordance to their interests. The current study under hand is an attempt to explore the impact of freedom of choice on household incomes. Study consumed World Value Survey data for the years 2012-2014 for Pakistan. A simple Linear Regression analysis was used to measure the psychological behaviors on decisions which further affects the income of households in Pakistan (N=1200 where Punjab=604, Sindh=278, KPK=168 and Balochistan=150 ). Here Income of an individual is taken as dependent variable and Socio-economic variables (Freedom of choice, Mistrust, Risk aversion, Creativity, Loneliness, Age, Gender, Employment level, No. of children) were taken as independent variables. Study revealed that freedom has a positive impact on income of an individual. It is also concluded by the research that persons with higher level of perceived decision freedom tend to be more resilient and ultimately finds best ways to increase his income level.

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A national mixed-mode seroprevalence random population-based cohort on SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France: the socio-epidemiological EpiCov study

10.1101/2021.02.24.21252316 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Josiane WARSZAWSKI ◽

Nathalie BAJOS ◽

Muriel BARLET ◽

Xavier de LAMBALLERIE ◽

Delphine RAHIB ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survey Methodology ◽

Poverty Line ◽

Population Based ◽

Living Conditions ◽

The Other ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Population Census ◽

Poverty Level ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Impact

Background: the EpiCov study, initiated at the end of the first national lockdown in France, aimed to provide national and regional estimates of the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to analyze relations between living conditions and the dynamics of the epidemic. We present and discuss here the survey methodology, and describe the first-round fieldwork. Method: 371,000 individuals aged 15 years or more were randomly selected from the national tax register, stratified by departments, including three overseas departments, and by poverty level with over-representation of people living below the poverty line. Health, socio-economics, migration history, and living conditions were collected through self-computed-assisted web interviews or via computer-assisted telephone interviews. The first-round survey was conducted in May. A random subsample was eligible to receive material for home blood self-sample on dried blood spot (DBS), in order to detect IgG antibodies against the spike protein (Euroimmun ELISA-S), and neutralizing antibodies for non-negative ELISA-S. For the second-round conducted in November, all respondents were eligible for the antibodies detection from home DBS sample, as well as the other household members aged 6 years or more for 20% of them. Participation and adjustment for nonresponse: 134,391 respondents completed the first-round questionnaire from May 2 to June 1, 2020, including 16,970 (12.6%) respondents under the poverty line. Multimodal web/tel interviews was randomly assigned to 20% of the sample. The other were assigned to exclusive CAWI. Overall 17,441 respondents were eligible for home blood sample, among them 12,114 returned the DBS (interquartile date: May 25- June 5). The response probability was first estimated from logit models adjusted on a wide range of auxiliary demographic and socio-economic variables available from the sampling frame, and final weights calibrated to the margins of the population census permitted to correct for a large part of the non-response bias. Conclusion: The Epicov study is one of the largest national random population-based seroprevalence cohort, with both an epidemiological and sociological approaches to evaluate the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, and the impact on health and living conditions. One of the major interests of this study is the broad coverage of the socio-economic and territorial diversity of the population.

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The impact of environmental change on the use of early pottery by East Asian hunter-gatherers

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1803782115 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 115 (31) ◽

pp. 7931-7936 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Alexandre Lucquin ◽

Harry K. Robson ◽

Yvette Eley ◽

Shinya Shoda ◽

Dessislava Veltcheva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Late Pleistocene ◽

Strong Association ◽

Residue Analysis ◽

Technological Advancement ◽

Hunter Gatherers ◽

Aquatic Resources ◽

The Holocene ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Japanese Archipelago ◽

The Impact

The invention of pottery was a fundamental technological advancement with far-reaching economic and cultural consequences. Pottery containers first emerged in East Asia during the Late Pleistocene in a wide range of environmental settings, but became particularly prominent and much more widely dispersed after climatic warming at the start of the Holocene. Some archaeologists argue that this increasing usage was driven by environmental factors, as warmer climates would have generated a wider range of terrestrial plant and animal resources that required processing in pottery. However, this hypothesis has never been directly tested. Here, in one of the largest studies of its kind, we conducted organic residue analysis of >800 pottery vessels selected from 46 Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene sites located across the Japanese archipelago to identify their contents. Our results demonstrate that pottery had a strong association with the processing of aquatic resources, irrespective of the ecological setting. Contrary to expectations, this association remained stable even after the onset of Holocene warming, including in more southerly areas, where expanding forests provided new opportunities for hunting and gathering. Nevertheless, the results indicate that a broader array of aquatic resources was processed in pottery after the start of the Holocene. We suggest this marks a significant change in the role of pottery of hunter-gatherers, corresponding to an increased volume of production, greater variation in forms and sizes, the rise of intensified fishing, the onset of shellfish exploitation, and reduced residential mobility.

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The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Domestic Violence-Psychological Consequences, the Legal Framework and its Treatment in the Republic of North Macedonia

SEEU Review ◽

10.2478/seeur-2020-0008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 121-141

Author(s):

Hatixhe Islami ◽

Arta Selmani-Bakiu ◽

Emine Zendeli ◽

Sami Mehmeti

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Social Isolation ◽

The Elderly ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Physical Distance ◽

Psychological Consequences ◽

State Institutions ◽

Gender And Age ◽

The Republic ◽

The Impact

AbstractIn this paper the authors present the psychological consequences of social isolation on domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic as well as the legal framework in the RNM on addressing the phenomenon of domestic violence. In this age of globalization and drive for material conformity, family life is quite difficult to cope with. This “war” for material comfort during the pandemic, has strained and stressed many families as a result of the created circumstances. Public safety measures, including physical distance and social isolation, which have also been implemented in the RNM have contributed in making family problems even more pronounced. Social distance and staying at home are very effective in reducing the transmission of Covid-19 virus, but these safeguards disrupt the routines of spouses and families. Domestic violence affects a large number of families, and it is estimated that in times of social isolation, all forms of violence have been inflicted against family members regardless of their gender and age. The most common forms of domestic violence during Covid-19 pandemic in our country are psychological, physical and economic violence. Some countries affected by Covid-19 have seen increases in levels of domestic violence, including violence against children, violence against partners, and violence against the elderly. This paper presents the results of research conducted which highlight the fact that during the Covid-19 pandemic, there has been an increase in levels of domestic violence in the Republic of North Macedonia in the first six months of 2020. The authors give their recommendations on the need for action by state institutions during the Covid-19 pandemic in order to adapt methods and circumstances towards the protection of victims of domestic violence.

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Analysis of Socio-demographic Characteristics of Adult Haematological Malignancies at a University Teaching Hospital, North-Central Nigeria

JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN BASIC AND CLINICAL SCIENCES ◽

10.46912/jrbcs.82 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

AM Onoja ◽

T Bitto ◽

AT Onoja ◽

Z Ayuba ◽

OD Damulak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Marital Status ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Educational Level ◽

Household Income ◽

Employment Status ◽

Strong Association ◽

Policy Formulation ◽

University Teaching ◽

Haematological Malignancies ◽

Wide Range

There exists a strong association between sociodemographics and risk of Haematological malignancies (HMs), documented in a wide range of populations, yet relatively little is known about the extent of their causal link. Sociodemographics are classifiable characteristics of populations. The analysis of these features may aid in identifying disease predictors, which may be essential to incidence reduction and improved outcomes. In this retrospective study design, 78 cases of adult HMs diagnosed at Benue State University Teaching Hospital from June 2012 to July 2019, were analysed to determine the effects of age, sex, religion, tribe, marital status, household income, employment status and educational level on HMs. The study showed that age and sex were predictors of HMs, particularly the middle and older age groups. Marital status, religion, tribe, educational level, employment status and household income showed no significant association with HMs. The findings may help clinicians make informed risk assessments of their patients and provide the appropriate framework for strategic disease control, policy formulation, resource allocation, and further research focus. We advocate for expanded research with a focus on the effects of sociodemographics on outcomes of HMs.

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Effect of Psychological Empowerment on Nurses Burnout

The Open Nursing Journal ◽

10.2174/1874434601913010201 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 201-210

Author(s):

P. Yukthamarani Permarupan ◽

Abdullah Al Mamun ◽

Naresh Kumar Samy ◽

Roselina Ahmad Saufi ◽

Naeem Hayat

Keyword(s):

Marital Status ◽

Nursing Staff ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Psychological Empowerment ◽

Group Analysis ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Quality Health ◽

Managerial Implications ◽

Industry Needs ◽

The Impact

Objective: The health industry needs motivated and satisfied nursing staff to provide quality health services to medical tourists, as well as in other sectors. This study aimed to examine the effects of psychological empowerment on the dimensions of burnout among the Malaysian nursing staff, as well as exploring the role of age, gender, experience, and marital status on the perception of burnout dimensions. Methods: This survey used a sample of 432 nursing staff, using measures of the perception of empowerment and comparing variables with another measure of burnout, collected via a self-reported questionnaire. Data were analyzed using PLS-SEM. Moreover, the group analysis in PLS-SEM estimated the differences among the nursing staff’s perception of psychological empowerment on burnout factors. Results: The findings reveal that psychological empowerment reduces the impact of burnout symptoms. Moreover, gender and age are different for depersonalization by the perception of psychological empowerment among the nursing staff in Malaysia. The Malaysian nursing staff’s marital status influences the relationships between psychological empowerment and depersonalization, as well as emotional exhaustion and personal unfulfillment. Moreover, the experience of the nursing staff influences the perception of personal unfulfillment in a significant manner. Conclusion: This study offered important managerial implications, such as considering the nursing staff’s needs according to age, gender, material status, and working experience to address burnout issues of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal unfulfillment. Moreover, it is important to note that the different factors of burnout are perceived differently by the nursing staff based on their attributes. There is a need to utilize the provision of psychological empowerment needs.

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Quantifying the potential market for new contraceptive technologies: global projections of 2040 contraceptive needs and preferences

Gates Open Research ◽

10.12688/gatesopenres.13400.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 152

Author(s):

Michelle Weinberger ◽

Meghan Reidy ◽

William Winfrey

Keyword(s):

Marital Status ◽

Sexual Activity ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Population Projections ◽

Market Segments ◽

Fertility Preferences ◽

Wide Range ◽

The World ◽

The Impact

Background: Despite a wide range of contraceptive methods, unmet need persists. New contraceptive technologies (CTs) have the potential to improve uptake and continuation. CT development has a long-time horizon; products will be introduced into markets that look very different than today. Identifying viable investments requires an understanding of these future markets. For this work the 2040 potential contraceptive market is described utilizing seven market segments based on marital status, fertility preferences, and patterns of sexual activity outside of marriage. Methods: Market size estimates are developed by country for all countries in the world for a current market (2020) and a future market (2040). United Nation’s (UN) population projections of the number of women of reproductive age (WRA) form the basis of this work. WRA are then segmented into market segments based on marital status, fertility intentions, and patterns of sexual activity outside of marriage. Each segment is further subdivided by contraceptive use versus non-use. Segmentation draws from UN projections, household surveys, census data, and modeling techniques developed for this work. Results: The largest market increases will be seen in Africa; most notably among the segment of married women wanting no more children. By contrast, Asia will see declines across all three married segments, coupled with increases among sexually active unmarried segments. Levels of contraceptive use are projected to vary widely by segment, with differential patters across regions. Conclusions: This analysis projects the impact of demographic changes, evolving fertility preferences, shifts in sexual activity outside of marriage and increased utilization of contraceptives in shaping the contraceptive market of 2040. Results show that there is not one global market, but distinct markets that vary in size and shape across the world. This diversity suggests that a range of different new CTs could have potential for uptake.

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