scholarly journals New Concepts in Median Nail Dystrophy, Onychomycosis, and Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Nail Pathology

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Y. Hoy ◽  
Alexander K. C. Leung ◽  
Andrei I. Metelitsa ◽  
Stewart Adams
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Nail Dystrophy ◽  
Gamble Company ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Nails are underutilized as diagnostic tools, despite being involved in many dermatologic conditions. This paper explores new concepts in the treatment of median nail dystrophy (MND), onychomycosis, and the nail pathology of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). A Pubmed database literature search was conducted for MND treatment, onychomycosis treatment, and HFMD nail pathology. Only papers published after January 2008 were reviewed. The results showed that 0.1% tacrolimus ointment can be an effective treatment for MND. Early studies on laser therapy indicate that it is a safe and efficacious treatment option for onychomycosis, compared to conventional oral antifungal agents. Vicks VapoRub (The Proctor & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH) is effective against onychomycosis and is a reasonable option in patients who choose to forgo conventional treatments. Lastly, there is evidence to support a correlation between HFMD and onychomadesis.

scholarly journals Detection of hand, foot and mouth disease in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Machain-Williams ◽  
Alma R. Dzul-Rosado ◽  
Aarón B. Yeh-Gorocica ◽  
Katia G. Rodriguez-Ruz ◽  
Henry Noh-Pech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Hands And Feet

We report a case of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in a 5-year-old male from Merida City in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. A clinical and physical examination revealed that the patient had symptoms typical of HFMD, including fever, fatigue, odynophagia, throat edema, hyperemia, lesions on the hands and feet, and blisters in the oral cavity. The patient fully recovered after a convalescence period of almost three weeks. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing revealed that the etiological agent was enterovirus 71 (EV71). The sequence has greatest (90.4%) nucleotide identity to the corresponding regions of EV71 isolates from the Netherlands and Singapore. Although HFMD is presumably common in Mexico, surprisingly there are no data in the PubMed database to support this. This case report provides the first peer-reviewed evidence of HFMD in Mexico.

scholarly journals Rapid, sensitive and effective diagnostic tools for foot-and-mouth disease virus in Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Kasanga ◽  
Wataru Yamazaki ◽  
Valerie Mioulet ◽  
Donald P. King ◽  
Misheck Mulumba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Fmdv Serotypes ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Speed is paramount in the diagnosis of highly infectious diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), as well as for emerging diseases; however, simplicity is required if a test is to be deployed in the field. Recent developments in molecular biology have enabled the specific detection of FMD virus (FMDV) by reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), real-time  reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and sequencing. RT-LAMP enables amplification of the FMDV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 3D(pol) gene at 63 °C (in the presence of a primer mixture and both reverse transcriptase and Bst DNA polymerase) for 1 h, whilst RT-qPCR amplifies the same gene in approximately 2 h 30 min. In this study, we compared the sensitivity and effectiveness of RT-LAMP against RT-qPCR for the detection of the FMDV 3D(pol) gene in 179 oesophageal-pharyngeal scraping samples (collected by probang) obtained from clinically healthy cattle and buffalo in Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania in 2010. The FMDV detection rate was higher with RT-LAMP (30.2%; n = 54) than with RT-qPCR (17.3%; n = 31). All samples positive by RT-qPCR (Cq ≤ 32.0) were also positive for the RT-LAMP assay; and both assays proved to be highly specific for the FMDV target sequence. In addition, the VP1 sequences of 10 viruses isolated from positive samples corresponded to the respective FMDV serotypes and genotypes. Our findings indicate that the performance of RT-LAMP is superior to RT-qPCR. Accordingly, we consider this test to have great potential with regard to the specific detection and surveillance of infectious diseases of humans and animals in resource-compromised developing countries.

scholarly journals A Brief Review on Diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease of Livestock: Conventional to Molecular Tools

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeta Longjam ◽  
Rajib Deb ◽  
A. K. Sarmah ◽  
Tilling Tayo ◽  
V. B. Awachat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Nonstructural Proteins ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
New Generation

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the highly contagious diseases of domestic animals. Effective control of this disease needs sensitive, specific, and quick diagnostic tools at each tier of control strategy. In this paper we have outlined various diagnostic approaches from old to new generation in a nutshell. Presently FMD diagnosis is being carried out using techniques such as Virus Isolation (VI), Sandwich-ELISA (S-ELISA), Liquid-Phase Blocking ELISA (LPBE), Multiplex-PCR (m-PCR), and indirect ELISA (DIVA), and real time-PCR can be used for detection of antibody against nonstructural proteins. Nucleotide sequencing for serotyping, microarray as well as recombinant antigen-based detection, biosensor, phage display, and nucleic-acid-based diagnostic are on the way for rapid and specific detection of FMDV. Various pen side tests, namely, lateral flow, RT-LAMP, Immunostrip tests, and so forth. are also developed for detection of the virus in field condition.

scholarly journals Serological and Molecular Investigation of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus and other animal pathogens at the Interface of Akagera National Park and Surrounding Cattle Farms between 2017 and 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Claude C Udahemuka ◽  
Gabriel Oluga Aboge ◽  
George Ogello Obiero ◽  
Angelique Ingabire ◽  
Natasha Beeton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Animal Pathogens ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Background: Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) is a positive-sense RNA virus of the family of the picornaviride and responsible for the disease with the highest economic impact, the Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD). FMD is endemic in Rwanda but there are gaps in knowing the seroprevalence and molecular epidemiology. This study reports the FMD seroprevalence and molecular characterization of FMDV in Eastern Rwanda. Surveillance in FMDV wild reservoirs, the African buffaloes, was also carried out revealing the presence of other pathogens and commensals. Results: The overall seroprevalence of FMD in the study area is at 9.36% in cattle and 2.65% in goats. We detected FMDV using molecular diagnostic tools such as RT-PCR and RT-LAMP and the phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequences revealed the presence of serotype SAT 2, lineage II. Sequencing of oropharyngeal fluids collected from African buffaloes revealed the presence of several pathogens and commensals but no FMDV was detected in buffaloes. The plethora of pathogens identified from the buffalo gut gives an idea of the health challenges faced by cattle keepers in Eastern Rwanda due to possible cross infectivity on wildlife-domestic animals interface regions. Conclusions: We recommend further studies to focus on sampling more African buffaloes since the number sampled was statistically insignificant to conclusively exclude the presence or absence of FMDV in Eastern Rwanda buffaloes. The use of RT-PCR alongside RT-LAMP demonstrates that the latter can be adopted in endemic areas such as Rwanda to fill in the gaps in terms of molecular diagnostics. The identification of lineage II of SAT 2 in Rwanda for the first time shows that the pools as previously established are not static over time.

Diagnostic Tools for the Identification of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

2021 ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
Sweety Dahiya ◽  
Aruna Punia ◽  
Pooja Choudhary ◽  
Namita Sharma ◽  
Meenakshi Balhara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Improved diagnostic strategy for foot-and-mouth disease in Bulgaria

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 155-165
Author(s):  
L. Polichronova ◽  
G. Georgiev ◽  
A. Teneva ◽  
S. Chakarova ◽  
I. Chenchev
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Diagnostic Strategy ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
And Control

Foot-and-mouth-disease is severe, highly contagious disease of cloven - hoofed animals that affects large animal livestock species and various wildlife species. Different countries has a different FMD status which require a disparate approach defining the diagnostic and control strategy. A variety of new diagnostic tests and procedures was developed to improve FMD laboratory diagnosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the contemporary diagnostic tools and the ability of our laboratory to detect FMD virus or viral genome in field samples and cell culture fluids using an Ag ELISA, TaqMan real-time RT-PCR and Virus isolation combined with chromatographic - LFD (lateral flow devises) tests. .

Biophysical Measurement of Molecular Weight of Foot-and-Mouth Disease RNA Fragments

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
Sydney S. Breese ◽  
Howard L. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Rna Fragments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Continuing studies on the physical and chemical properties of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have included electron microscopy of RNA strands released when highly purified virus (1) was dialyzed against demlneralized distilled water. The RNA strands were dried on formvar-carbon coated electron microscope screens pretreated with 0.1% bovine plasma albumin in distilled water. At this low salt concentration the RNA strands were extended and were stained with 1% phosphotungstic acid. Random dispersions of strands were recorded on electron micrographs, enlarged to 30,000 or 40,000 X and the lengths measured with a map-measuring wheel. Figure 1 is a typical micrograph and Fig. 2 shows the distributions of strand lengths for the three major types of FMDV (A119 of 6/9/72; C3-Rezende of 1/5/73; and O1-Brugge of 8/24/73.

High resolution surface structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-377
Author(s):  
S. S. Breese ◽  
H. L. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Models for the structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have been proposed from chemical and physical measurements (Brown, et al., 1970; Talbot and Brown, 1972; Strohmaier and Adam, 1976) and from rotational image-enhancement electron microscopy (Breese, et al., 1965). In this report we examine the surface structure of FMDV particles by high resolution electron microscopy and compare it with that of particles in which the outermost capsid protein VP3 (ca. 30, 000 daltons) has been split into smaller segments, two of which VP3a and VP3b have molecular weights of about 15, 000 daltons (Bachrach, et al., 1975).Highly purified and concentrated type A12, strain 119 FMDV (5 mg/ml) was prepared as previously described (Bachrach, et al., 1964) and stored at 4°C in 0. 2 M KC1-0. 5 M potassium phosphate buffer at pH 7. 5. For electron microscopy, 1. 0 ml samples of purified virus and trypsin-treated virus were dialyzed at 4°C against 0. 2 M NH4OAC at pH 7. 3, deposited onto carbonized formvar-coated copper screens and stained with phosphotungstic acid, pH 7. 3.

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