Total Unduplicated Reach and Frequency Optimization at Procter & Gamble

The Procter & Gamble Company (P&G) is a consumer goods corporation that employs over 90,000 people and has operations in roughly 80 countries worldwide. Products in P&G’s 10-category portfolio of products are sold in over 180 countries. The Consumer Research Analytics group at P&G empowers internal clients by using analytics to ensure that the products in P&G’s portfolio of products are not just well received by consumers but become the products of choice for the maximum number of consumers, thereby maximizing P&G’s market share. One of the most frequently used analytical approaches for managing a product line is Total Unduplicated Reach and Frequency analysis. We replaced the previous enumerative approach with integer programming coupled with cuts to the unit hypercube to dramatically speed up the analysis. As a result, P&G achieved higher utilization of its system, improvements to existing products, and more thorough analyses for product line planning and other applications.

Neural Network Pricing of American Put Options

In this study, we use Neural Networks (NNs) to price American put options. We propose two NN models—a simple one and a more complex one—and we discuss the performance of two NN models with the Least-Squares Monte Carlo (LSM) method. This study relies on American put option market prices, for four large U.S. companies—Procter and Gamble Company (PG), Coca-Cola Company (KO), General Motors (GM), and Bank of America Corp (BAC). Our dataset is composed of all options traded within the period December 2018 until March 2019. Although on average, both NN models perform better than LSM, the simpler model (NN Model 1) performs quite close to LSM. Moreover, the second NN model substantially outperforms the other models, having an RMSE ca. 40% lower than the presented by LSM. The lower RMSE is consistent across all companies, strike levels, and maturities. In summary, all methods present a good accuracy; however, after calibration, NNs produce better results in terms of both execution time and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE).

Eating Cotton: Cottonseed, Crisco, and Consumer Ignorance

Americans have eaten significant amounts of cottonseed oil since the late nineteenth century. Yet for generations, few Americans have known how often they eat foods made from the cotton plant. Crisco paved the way for this kind of consumer ignorance. Launched by the Procter & Gamble company in 1911, Crisco was a wholly new product: a solid fat made entirely from liquid cottonseed oil, the result of the novel technology of hydrogenation. Responding to tenacious prejudice against cottonseed, Crisco's marketers made consumer ignorance acceptable by promoting the idea that industrial processing was akin to purification and encouraging consumers to put trust in brands rather than to focus on ingredients. The Progressive Era is supposed to be a period when food processing became increasingly transparent, and in some ways it was. But in the wake of the Pure Food legislation of 1906 and in conjunction with an exploding food advertising industry that highlighted factory processing as a unique virtue, American consumers increasingly trusted both government oversight and industrial food production. Cottonseed oil's history is ultimately a story of consumers’ growing confidence in highly processed food and their growing comfort with ignorance about the ingredients that went into it.

A trajetória da Perfumarias Phebo em Belém

O trabalho é um estudo sobre história de empresa, tendo como estudo de caso a Perfumarias Phebo, uma empresa paraense, fundada por portugueses, que se destacou no mercado de perfumaria brasileiro. O método de pesquisa consistiu no levantamento de informações arquivistas, trajetória histórica e evolução administrativa-financeira no período de 1936 a 1988, realizada a partir de informações disponibilizadas pela empresa, entrevistas e coleta de material. A empresa utilizou o pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Durke), uma matéria-prima oriunda da Amazônia, para criar o seu produto de maior aceitação no mercado, o Sabonete Phebo Odor de Rosas. A perfumaria tornou-se líder no mercado de perfumaria nacional, instalando fábricas nas cidades de São Paulo-SP e Feira de Santana-Ba. Em 1988 a empresa foi vendida para o grupo Procter & Gamble Company.

Portfolio Market Risk Assessment Using Value-at-Risk (VaR) Method – Historical Stimulation

One of the main VaR methods on theoretical aspect – Historical Simulation to Portfolio is explained in this article. Portfolio market risk measurement is carried out towards the shares of the particular companies – The Procter & Gamble Company (PG), Toyota Motor Corporation (TM) and Nokia Corporation (NOK).

Principles and priorities of Occupational Health at Procter & Gamble Company

Th e approach of Procter & Gamble Company to health at workplace is presented. Th e priorities include commitment to «save a life» in terms of early and best First Aid availability, full legal compatibility of the occupational health systems in place, the high quality of entry and regular medical checks, protection of employee health in relation to specifi c technologies and maintaining positive relationship and interface with employees. Structure of Company medical services is also briefl y described.

The Procter & Gamble Company: Investmentin Crest Whitestrips Advanced Seal

A financial analyst for Procter & Gamble must report on the prospects and implications of a new teeth-whitening product. Beyond a realistic profit-and-loss forecast and baseline net present value, he must determine which pricing and marketing strategy is most likely to maximize value for shareholders.