scholarly journals Development of Poly-NIsopropylacrylamide Surfaces for the Selection of Swine Sperm

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Dra Nancy Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Polymeric Surfaces ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Reproductive Techniques ◽  
Polymeric Hydrogels ◽  
Acrosome Integrity ◽  
Free Media ◽  
Selection Of

The reproductive efficiency of pig farms is directly correlated with the fertility of the boars. The aim of this work was to develop polymeric materials that can be used as a platform to select a subpopulation of sperm with better cell physiological parameters. Polymeric hydrogels composed of Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide with different positive charges given by copolymerization with (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (APTA, 5-10-15%), were synthesized. Subsequently, the interaction between the sperm cells and the polymeric surfaces was analyzed in TALP medium. Release of the spermatozoa from the polymeric surfaces was induced by changing to Ca2+ free media. Sperm motility, cell viability, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity were evaluated. The results indicated that a higher percentage of swine sperm attached to PNIPAM co-15% APTA hydrogels (62.86±3.33%). Ninety seven percent (97.19±1.45 %) of the sperm released from the PNIPAM co-15%APTA surfaces were viable (p<0.05 vs unbound population and raw semen), with acceptable motility (58.89±1.28%) and with intact plasma and acrosomal membranes (69±1.2% and 98.5±0.65% respectively). These results indicate that hydrogels can be used to select boar sperm with high viability and mobility for use in assisted reproductive techniques.

Influence of Freeze-Drying Modes on the Quality of Live Plague Vaccine

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
S.E. Gostischeva ◽  
D.V. Rostovtseva ◽  
G.F. Ivanova ◽  
A.V. Kostrominov ◽  
M.V. Pilipenko
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Eutectic Point ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Freezing Time ◽  
Residual Moisture ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Plague Vaccine ◽  
Selection Of

The optimization of the drying schedule has been carried out to improve the quality indicators of the live plague vaccine. Based on the data obtained on the eutectic point of the vaccine suspension, the freezing temperature and freezing time were set to -50 °С and 6-7 h, respectively. A pressure of 40 mTorr over the surface of the drying suspension and 20 mTorr during the desorption were shown to be the best conditions for sublimation. The drying tests with different options for the shelf heating rate, vacuum depth and duration of intermediate temperature indicators were carried out to develop the improved freeze-drying mode providing the selection of the most adapted bacteria. A vaccine lyophilized under the developed conditions has low residual moisture (up to 2%) and high viability index that persists over the whole shelf life. lyophilization, sublimation, eutectic, live plague vaccine, residual moisture, viability

Modification of Polymeric Surfaces With Plasmas

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don M. Coates ◽  
Stephen L. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Surfaces ◽  
Surface Coatings ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Polymeric Surfaces ◽  
Capacitively Coupled ◽  
Rf Plasmas ◽  
Plasma Treatments ◽  
Surface Chemistries

As adaptable as polymeric materials are in their many applications to our daily lives, the need exists to tailor the polymer surfaces to provide even more flexibility in regard to their uses. Plasma treatments offer an unprecedented spectrum of possible surface modifications to enhance polymers, ranging from simple topographical changes to creation of surface chemistries and coatings that are radically different from the bulk polymer. Furthermore plasma treatments are environmentally friendly and economical in regard to their use of materials.Plasma processing can be classified into at least four categories that often overlap. These are the following: (1) surface preparation by breakdown of surface oils and loose contaminates, (2) etching of new topographies, (3) surface activation by creation or grafting of new functional groups or chemically reactive, excited metastable species on the surface, and (4) deposition of monolithic, adherent surface coatings by polymerization of monomeric species on the surface. Key features of these processes will be briefly discussed, with a rudimentary introduction to the chemistries involved, as well as examples. Focus is placed on capacitively coupled radio-frequency (rf) plasmas (see Figure 1 in the article by Lieberman et al. in this issue of MRS Bulletin) since they are most commonly used in polymer treatment.

scholarly journals Hydrogels for the Application of Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering: A Review of Hydrogels

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Er-Yuan Chuang ◽  
Chih-Wei Chiang ◽  
Pei-Chun Wong ◽  
Chih-Hwa Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cellular Interaction ◽  
Polymeric Hydrogels

The treatment of articular cartilage damage is a major task in the medical science of orthopedics. Hydrogels possess the ability to form multifunctional cartilage grafts since they possess polymeric swellability upon immersion in an aqueous phase. Polymeric hydrogels are capable of physiological swelling and greasing, and they possess the mechanical behavior required for use as articular cartilage substitutes. The chondrogenic phenotype of these materials may be enhanced by embedding living cells. Artificial hydrogels fabricated from biologically derived and synthesized polymeric materials are also used as tissue-engineering scaffolds; with their controlled degradation profiles, the release of stimulatory growth factors can be achieved. In order to make use of these hydrogels, cartilage implants were formulated in the laboratory to demonstrate the bionic mechanical behaviors of physiological cartilage. This paper discusses developments concerning the use of polymeric hydrogels for substituting injured cartilage tissue and assisting tissue growth. These gels are designed with consideration of their polymeric classification, mechanical strength, manner of biodegradation, limitations of the payload, cellular interaction, amount of cells in the 3D hydrogel, sustained release for the model drug, and the different approaches for incorporation into adjacent organs. This article also summarizes the different advantages, disadvantages, and the future prospects of hydrogels.

scholarly journals The Influence of Surface Topography and Wettability on Escherichia coli Removal from Polymeric Materials in the Presence of a Blood Conditioning Film

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7368
Author(s):  
I. Devine Akhidime ◽  
Anthony J. Slate ◽  
Anca Hulme ◽  
Kathryn A. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Polymeric Surfaces ◽  
Atp Bioluminescence ◽  
Conditioning Film ◽  
Conditioning Films

The reduction of biofouling and the reduction of cross-contamination in the food industry are important aspects of safety management systems. Polymeric surfaces are used extensively throughout the food production industry and therefore ensuring that effective cleaning regimes are conducted is vital. Throughout this study, the influence of the surface characteristics of three different polymeric surfaces, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), on the removal of Escherichia coli using a wipe clean method utilising 3% sodium hypochlorite was determined. The PTFE surfaces were the roughest and demonstrated the least wettable surface (118.8°), followed by the PMMA (75.2°) and PET surfaces (53.9°). Following cleaning with a 3% sodium hypochlorite solution, bacteria were completely removed from the PTFE surfaces, whilst the PMMA and PET surfaces still had high numbers of bacteria recovered (1.2 × 107 CFU/mL and 6.3 × 107 CFU/mL, respectively). When bacterial suspensions were applied to the surfaces in the presence of a blood conditioning film, cleaning with sodium hypochlorite demonstrated that no bacteria were recovered from the PMMA surface. However, on both the PTFE and PET surfaces, bacteria were recovered at lower concentrations (2.0 × 102 CFU/mL and 1.3 × 103 CFU/mL, respectively). ATP bioluminescence results demonstrated significantly different ATP concentrations on the surfaces when soiled (PTFE: 132 relative light units (RLU), PMMA: 80 RLU and PET: 99 RLU). Following cleaning, both in the presence and absence of a blood conditioning film, all the surfaces were considered clean, producing ATP concentrations in the range of 0–2 RLU. The results generated in this study demonstrated that the presence of a blood conditioning film significantly altered the removal of bacteria from the polymeric surfaces following a standard cleaning regime. Conditioning films which represent the environment where the surface is intended to be used should be a vital part of the test regime to ensure an effective disinfection process.

scholarly journals Quantification of Residual Perfume by Py-GC-MS in Fragrance Encapsulate Polymeric Materials Intended for Biodegradation Tests

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 718
Author(s):  
Giulio Gasparini ◽  
Sarah Semaoui ◽  
Jessica Augugliaro ◽  
Alain Boschung ◽  
Damien Berthier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Stability ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Kinetic Release ◽  
Polymeric Microcapsules ◽  
Purification Protocol ◽  
A Current ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Selection Of

Perfume encapsulates are widely used in commercial products to control the kinetic release of odorant molecules, increase storage stability and/or improve deposition on different substrates. In most of the cases, they consist of core-shell polymeric microcapsules that contain fragrance molecules. A current challenge is to design and produce polymeric materials for encapsulation that are both resistant and non-persistent. The selection of such eco-friendly formulations is linked to a deep understanding of the polymeric material used for encapsulation and its biodegradation profile. To collect this information, pure samples of capsule shells are needed. In this article we present an innovative quantification method for residual volatiles based on pyrolysis-GC-MS to enable validation of sample quality prior to further testing. The presented analytical method also led to the development of a robust and comprehensive purification protocol for polymers from commercial samples. Standard techniques are not suited for this kind of measurement due to the non-covalent embedding of volatiles in the 3D structure of the polymers. We demonstrated the confounding impact of residual volatiles on the estimated biodegradability of fragrance encapsulates.

Selection of transfored cells in serum-free media

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Chang Chiang ◽  
Janet Silnutzer ◽  
James M. Pipas ◽  
David W. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Serum Free ◽  
Free Media ◽  
Selection Of

Antral follicle population in prepubertal and pubertal heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Seneda ◽  
F. Morotti ◽  
A. F. Zangirolamo ◽  
N. C. da Silva ◽  
T. K. Sanches ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Female Cattle ◽  
Selection Of

The antral follicle count (AFC) is an important tool in the selection of bovine females destined for biotechnology. However, little is known about AFC in prepubertal and pubertal heifers. Some challenges inherent to the physiology of young females must be considered to achieve efficient rates with different procedures, such as ovum pick-up and IVF. This paper covers some important topics about ovarian physiology related to the population of antral follicles and reproductive efficiency in young female cattle.

New Electrically Heated and Bird-Strike-Resistant Polymer Glazing for Aircraft

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
E.N. Kablov ◽  
L.V. Semenova ◽  
V.A. Bogatov ◽  
I.V. Mekalina ◽  
A.G. Krynin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Material ◽  
Polymer Material ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Bird Strike ◽  
Conductive Coating ◽  
Selection Of

The main stages in the development of a bird-strike-resistant heated curved organic laminate for aircraft glazing are described: the selection of the polymeric materials; the application of a heated coating to the polymeric material; the moulding of glazing elements; the application of leads to the conductive coating; autoclave pressing of the laminated polymer material.

scholarly journals СЕЛЕКЦИЯ МЯСНЫХ КУР ПОРОДЫ ПЛИМУТРОК НА ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ВОСПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНЫХ КАЧЕСТВ Егорова А.В., Ефимов Д.Н., Емануйлова Ж.В., Комаров А.А.

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Line Selection ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: МЯСНЫЕ КУРЫ ПОРОДЫ ПЛИМУТРОК, ЛИНИЯ, СЕЛЕКЦИЯ, ЯЙЦЕНОСКОСТЬ, ВЫВОД ЦЫПЛЯТ, ВЫХОД ИНКУБАЦИОННЫХ ЯИЦ, ДЕФЕКТЫ ЯИЦ АННОТАЦИЯ: Работа проведена в производственных условиях СГЦ «Смена». В опытах использовали птицу породы плимутрок: отцовскую линию в материнской родительской форме (СМ7), материнскую линию в материнской родительской форме (СМ9), материнскую родительскую форму (СМ79). Установлено, что по мясным курам новых исходных линий СМ7 и СМ9 в 2020 г. в процессе целенаправленной селекционной работы отмечено увеличение по сравнению с 2015 г. выхода инкубационных яиц на 2,0 и 2,1% соответственно; вывода цыплят - на 1,1 и 1,3%; яйценоскости на начальную несушку за 60 недель жизни - на 2,2 и 3,1%; массы яиц в 30 недель жизни - на 0,7 и 1,2%; выхода цыплят от одной несушки - на 5,9 и 7,8%. Куры двухлинейной материнской родительской формы СМ79 имеют преимущество над исходными линиями СМ7 и СМ9 по яйценоскости за 60 недель жизни на 14,3 и 3,7% соответственно, по массе яиц - на 0,17 и 0,96%, по выходу инкубационных яиц - на 0,5 и 0,3%, по выводу цыплят - на 8,2 и 4,6%, по выходу цыплят от одной несушки - на 27,1 и 9,7%. Это превосходство обусловлено эффектом гетерозиса по воспроизводительным признакам. Меньшее количество яиц с дефектами у кур в 2020 г. по сравнению с 2015 обусловило различие по выходу инкубационных яиц. От мясных кур за 60 недель жизни в 2020 г. получено больше инкубационных яиц, чем в 2015 г., на 17145 шт. (по линии СМ7 - на 4602 шт., СМ9 - на 5254 шт., СМ79 - на 7289 шт.), и, соответственно, меньше яиц, реализованных как пищевые. THE IMPROVEMENT OF REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY IN THE SELECTED PLYMOUTH ROCK LINES EGOROVA A.V.1, EFIMOV D.N.1, EMANUYLOVA ZH.V.1, KOMAROV A.A.1 1 Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Institute of Poultry” of Russian Academy of Sciences The reproductive efficiency in three Plymouth Rock lines selected by the Center for Genetics & Selection “Smena” (paternal and maternal preparental lines SM7 and SM9 and their hybrid, maternal parental broiler line SM79) in 2020 in compare to 2015 was assessed. It was found that targeted selection of the preparental lines SM7 and SM9 between 2015 and 2020 increased egg production during 60 weeks of the productive season per initial hen by 2.2 and 3.1%, egg weight at 30 weeks of age by 0.7 and 1.2%, the percentage of eggs suitable for incubation by 2.0 and 2.1%, hatch of chicks by 1.1 and 1.3%, number of healthy chicks per parental hen by 5.9 and 7.8% respective to lines SM7 and SM9. Hybrid maternal line SM79 in 2020 featured higher reproductive efficiency in compare to its parental lines SM7 and SM9 due to the effect of heterosis: egg production during 60 weeks higher by 14.3 and 3.7%, egg weight at 30 weeks of age by 0.17 and 0.96%, percentage of eggs suitable for incubation by 0.5 and 0.3%, hatch of chicks by 8.2 and 4.6%, number of healthy chicks per parental hen by 27.1 and 9.7% respective to lines SM7 and SM9. The higher percentage of eggs suitable for incubation in 2020 in compare to 2015 is related to lower percentages of eggs with genetically conditioned defects (lightweight, two-yolk, belted, crackled, etc.) due to the targeted selection. The output of eggs suitable for incubation from equal-sized flocks in 2020 was higher in compare to 2015 by 17,145 eggs in total (by 4,602 in SM7, 5,254 in SM9, and 7,259 in SM79), and lesser amounts of non-suitable eggs were therefore sold as table eggs. Keywords: PLYMOUTH ROCK BROILER CHICKEN, LINE, SELECTION, EGG PRODUCTION, HATCH OF CHICKS, EGGS SUITABLE FOR INCUBATION, DEFECTS OF EGGS

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document