Conflicting Convictions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
JoAnna Poblete
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Santa Ana ◽  
Protestant Church ◽  
Labor Strikes ◽  
Sugar Plantation ◽  
Migrant Laborers ◽  
Wage Scale ◽  
Aggressive Reactions

This chapter examines the multiple roles that Philippine Protestant ethnic ministers such as Flaviano M. Santa Ana filled in Hawaiian plantation communities. Hawaiʻi's sugar plantations cut worker wages up to 20 percent due to the low value of sugar in 1921. Intracolonial Filipino laborers, who were already struggling to save enough of their salary to send monetary remittances to their loved ones in the Philippines, became upset at the change in wage scale and went on strike from 1924 to 1925. This labor stoppage, known as the Filipino Piecemeal Sugar Strike, was one of the largest Filipino labor strikes in Hawaiʻi, as well as one of the most legally aggressive reactions by the Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association during the first half of the twentieth century. This chapter considers how Filipino Protestant pastors at the Olaʻa plantation who were working for the Hawaiian Evangelical Association became middlemen for migrant laborers, sugar plantation management, and the Protestant church in the islands. It shows that these middlemen's positions of power were always tenuous and questioned by Filipinos.

scholarly journals Informal Resistance on a Dominican Sugar Plantation During the Trujillo Dictatorship

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 141-198
Author(s):  
Catherine C. Legrand
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Sugar Plantation ◽  
Migrant Laborers ◽  
Temporary Migrant ◽  
Sugar Plantations ◽  
Breaking Work

The cane cutters who toiled on the great foreign-owne sugar plantations of the twentieth-century Caribbean were sorne of the most exploited of Latin American wage workers. Employed only for the five-month sugar harvest, they did long hours of back-breaking work in stifling heat for barely subsistence pay. Because the work was seasonal and many of the workers were temporary migrant laborers from other countries, unionization was difficult and legal protection minimal.

The Wild Garden: landscaping southern California in the early twentieth century

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Guerrini
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Progressive Era ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Santa Ana ◽  
Scientific Expertise

The California Wild Garden opened in Exposition Park in Los Angeles in 1916. Planned by the English horticulturist Theodore Payne (1872–1963), it featured hundreds of Californian plants. Payne claimed scientific expertise as well as practical knowledge. In the next decade, he was also instrumental in the foundation of botanic gardens in Santa Barbara and Santa Ana, which focused on native plants and had both scientific and aesthetic aims. Earlier in his career, he had championed the distribution of millions of non-native eucalyptus trees throughout the state. This essay examines Payne's multiple roles, and the liminal space occupied by horticulturists between gardening and science in progressive-era California.

scholarly journals From Colonialism to Neoliberalism: Critical Reflections on Philippine Mining in the "Long Twentieth Century"

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin Camba
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Other ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
The One

Through an analysis of archival data and findings from interviews with industry leaders, I explore the genesis, rise, and fall of the various Philippine mineral regimes of the twentieth century. Specifically, I examine the background of successive and overlapping colonial and neocolonial powers in three eras: late colonial (1901-1941), national developmental (1945-1964), and state authoritarianism (1965-1985). I also briefly examine the current neoliberal mineral regime (1986-present). I argue that, to date, capitalist enterprises and neocolonial powers have pursued two contradictory paths to extract precious (gold and silver) and base (chromite, iron, copper, nickel, magnesium, and ore) metals in the Philippines. On the one hand, mining companies appropriated expansive land, underpriced labor and inexpensive food to subsidize capital expenditure and mineral operations. The appropriation of basic inputs - or what is referred to as "cheap natures" - allowed these companies to reduce their sunken investments and operational costs. But on the other hand, as the sector developed more, it became increasingly difficult to appropriate such "cheap natures." While initially profitable because of successful appropriation of "cheap natures," companies eventually experienced decreasing returns because of the problems this caused.

scholarly journals Seasonal march patterns of the summer rainy season in the Philippines and their long-term variability since the late twentieth century

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikumi Akasaka ◽  
Hisayuki Kubota ◽  
Jun Matsumoto ◽  
Esperanza O. Cayanan ◽  
Rosalina G. de Guzman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Seasonal March

Fantasies of Belonging, Fears of Precarity

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-173
Author(s):  
Melissa Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Women Artists ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Professional Relationships ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Amy Lowell ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
New Critics ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

“Fantasies of Belonging, Fears of Precarity” considers the politics of late twentieth-century feminist reclamation work in modernist literary studies. Many prolific women artists were doubly left behind, first by the New Critics, and then, several generations later, by feminist scholars who, in their work recovering women artists lost to New Criticism’s masculinist narrative did not find a place for them in what quickly became a narrow, and predictable, feminist canon. This chapter focuses on Amy Lowell and Edith Sitwell, women whose multiple roles as poets, editors, and critics allowed them significant access to power and with it, the opportunity to mentor and support other women. And yet, as the chapter demonstrates, they did not. Despite rich personal relationships with women, neither Sitwell nor Lowell had significant or lasting professional relationships with other women. Their subsequent exclusion from feminist modernist literary criticism perhaps tells us as much about the identifications and interests that drove late twentieth-century feminist recovery work as it does about the inclusion of more now-canonical figures.

Educating

2019 ◽  
pp. 131-159
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Rotter
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Sensory History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
History Of Empire

The chapter provides a sensory history of empire in the two countries, India and the Philippines, at the turn of the twentieth century. By that point, the process of visualizing Indian and Filipino subjects was well underway by their colonizers. The chapter looks at sight and sound and how they can be used to narrate the story at this point. The dynamics of Anglo-American soundscapes in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries transferred readily and deliberately to sites of empire, to India and the Philippines. In particular, it looks at the music in the two empires at this time.

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