The Farm, the Federal Government, and the Decline of Placement

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Birk
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Agricultural Education ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Outreach Programs ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
Mother And Child Health ◽  
Country Life ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Farm Life

This chapter examines how Progressive efforts at studying child welfare and farm life contributed to the decline of farm placements. In particular, it looks at two separate federal efforts that provided justifications for finding a substitute to farm placement: that of the Country Life Commission and that of the Children's Bureau. The chapter begins with a discussion of problems in farming and the diminishing influence of the farm. It then considers the Country Life Commission's efforts to address the problems affecting rural people with the specific goal of improving the efficiency of farming and the standards of farm life, along with agricultural education for farmers through outreach programs and the extension service. It also describes the initiatives of the Children's Bureau with regard to child labor, family preservation, and mother and child health. Finally, it highlights increased federal research after World War I which revealed compelling evidence that placement homes did not offer the best choice for dependent children.

The Farm, Foster Care, and Dependent Children in the Midwest, 1880–1920

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-342
Author(s):  
Megan Birk
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
World War I ◽  
World War ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Dependent Children ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Farm Life ◽  
Welfare Workers ◽  
Children Welfare

Between the Civil War and World War I, the midwestern farm played an important role in the care of dependent children. Instead of paying families to take in children, welfare workers relied on farmers to take children in for free. However, the situation for dependent children and farmers changed during the Progressive Era. Movements to improve farming methods and standards of living in the hopes of keeping rural people on the land highlighted the difficulties of farm life. For the children placed in free homes with farmers, reformers sought to improve record keeping and supervision. Such reforms had unforeseen consequences. The bureaucracy needed to supervise children placed on farms increased costs, while farmers resented the intrusion. Children who labored for free on farms no longer learned skills useful in the modern, industrializing nation. As more systematic supervision became standard across the Midwest, farm placement lost its appeal. By examining the motivations for better supervision of placed-out children and how those plans became policy, this article reveals complexities, underestimated by previous scholars, in the commonly told story of the transition of child-welfare practices from an emphasis on free farm placement to paid foster care in suburban and urban settings.

scholarly journals Mothers’ perceptions on and learning from infant and young child feeding videos displayed in Mother and Child Health Centers in Kenya - a qualitative and quantitative approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Lauriina Schneider ◽  
Mikko Kosola ◽  
Kerttu Uusimäki ◽  
Sari Ollila ◽  
Crippina Lubeka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Infant And Young Child ◽  
Mother And Child Health ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
Child Health Centers

Abstract Objective The objective was to explore mothers’ perceptions of educational videos on infant and young child feeding practices, and to assess whether viewing frequencies would influence maternal knowledge, attitudes and feeding practices (KAPs). Design A set of 47 videos were displayed in health centers for 6 months. At three months, we conducted focus group discussions (FGDs) with mothers and at six months, administered KAP-questionnaire-based interviews to mothers. Using a quasi-experimental design we compared groups according to video viewing frequencies. Setting The study was conducted in a slum in Nairobi and a rural area in Machakos, Kenya. We installed TV screens in waiting rooms of six Mother and Child Health Centers, where mothers could choose to watch them. Participants Forty-three mothers with children aged 0 to 48 months participated in six FGDs and 547 mothers of children aged 0 to 23 months in KAP interviews. Results The mothers from the FGDs found the videos acceptable and beneficial. Videos enhanced mothers’ learning and empowered them to support others in learning. The KAP data showed that after adjustments, breastfeeding (p=0.06) and complementary feeding knowledge (p=0.01), complementary feeding attitudes (p=0.08), as well as hygiene knowledge and practices (p=0.003) were better among mothers who had seen videos three to four times, or five or more times, compared to mothers who had seen the videos once or twice. Conclusions Videos were an accepted form of education and were beneficial when watched repeatedly. The videos could be a good addition to current IYCF education efforts in Kenya.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic diepoxybutane sensitivity in Serbian children with Fanconi anemia

2006 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
Sanja Cirkovic ◽  
Marija Guc-Scekic ◽  
Dragana Vujic ◽  
D. Micic
Keyword(s):  
Fanconi Anemia ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Bone Marrow Failure ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Chromosome Breakage ◽  
Child Health Care ◽  
Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes ◽  
Mother And Child Health ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
And Child Health

Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited disorder with aplastic anemia, cancer susceptibility, and hypersensitivity to alkylating agents such as diepoxybutane (DEB). The DEB test is used to screen for FA among patients with bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFS). From February of 2004 to May of 2006, 29 children with BMFS were diagnosed and treated at the Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia (MCHIS). In the examined group, five out of 29 patients (17.2%) were found to have increased DEB-induced chromosome breakage (0.58-2.15 vs. 0.00-0.20 breaks/cell; p<0.001) with no overlap. Our results suggest the importance of this analysis for differential diagnosis and adequate therapy of FA among patients with BMFS.

scholarly journals TO STUDY OF ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL PROFILE WITH SERUM VITAMIN B12 AND FOLATE LEVEL IN CHILDREN WITH INFANTILE TREMOR SYNDROME

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-120
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Mahesh Kumar Gupta ◽  
Sunil Gothwal ◽  
Umesh Gurjar ◽  
Kailash Kumar Meena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Folate Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Mother And Child Health ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
And Child Health

Background-We planned the present study with objective of to find out correlation in vitamin B and folate levels with 12 clinical profile in children with ITS Methods- This Hospital based cross sectional observational study was conducted in, Sir Padampat Mother and Child Health Institute (SPMCHI),SMS Medical College,Jaipur. Results- Vitamin B and folate were reduced in children with generalized tremors, psychomotor retardation, delayed 12 milestones,presence of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Conclusion- All children with Infantile Tremor Syndrome should be screened for vitamin B and folate levels,high risk 12 children should be supplemented B and folic acid.

scholarly journals Epidemiological determinants of infant deaths occurring in a teaching hospital: an observational study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1192
Author(s):  
M. N. Soumyashree ◽  
R. G. Viveki ◽  
Sunanda Halki
Keyword(s):  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Place Of Delivery ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Mother And Child Health ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
One Year

Background: India has the highest number of infant deaths, contributing about 23% to the global burden of infant deaths. Sustainable development goal states that, by 2030, preventable deaths of new-borns and children under 5 years of age should be ended, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1000 live births. Aims of the study: (1) to understand the socio-demographic profile of the study cases, (2) to correlate the causes of infant deaths with age, parity and other obstetrics parameters.Methods: The present study was undertaken for the period of one year from January to December 2016. The study included 120 deceased infants from department of Pediatrics, Belagavi Institute of Medical Sciences (BIMS) Hospital, Belagavi. Information regarding socio-demographic profile, antenatal, intranatal and infant details were collected using a structured questionnaire.Results: 61.6% of study cases were male and three-fourth of them resided in rural area. 56.2% of the deceased infants were LBW, followed by VLBW (34.9%) and ELBW (8.9%).  The common causes of death among the deceased infants were prematurity (45%) followed by, birth asphyxia (34.2%), sepsis (12.5%), pneumonia (3.3%) and congenital anomalies and other (2.5%).Conclusions: Age of the infants, gestational age, place of delivery, delivery assisted and LBW were associated with infant deaths. There is a need for proper implementation of programmes related to mother and child health care.

scholarly journals Amendment of the “Acceptable Limit for Abortion” in Article 14 of the Mother and Child Health Law

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-182
Author(s):  
이은영 ◽  
김소윤 ◽  
KIM Yun Deok ◽  
Myong-Sei Sohn ◽  
강현희
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Acceptable Limit ◽  
Mother And Child Health ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
And Child Health
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