Union Responses to Workforce Feminization in the United States

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Milkman
Keyword(s):  
Labor Unions ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Large Female ◽  
National Labor Relations Board ◽  
Union Representation ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter examines how labor unions responded to workforce feminization that began in the 1970s. It first places the relationship of women to unions in historical perspective before analyzing empirical data on inter-union variations in the extent of women's representation in union membership and leadership in the late twentieth century, as well as variations in the extent and nature of attention to “women's issues” on the part of unions. It then explores the dynamics of union organizing in the 1980s, showing that workplaces with large female majorities were the most readily organized in that period—as measured by the probability of winning National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) union representation elections. It also considers the growing commitment of some unions in the 1970s and 1980s to gender equality issues and to incorporating women into positions of leadership. Finally, it discusses the innovative gender politics that has emerged in unions least constrained by the forces of deunionization or patriarchal traditions.

Organized Labor and the Problem of “Smokers’ Rights”

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Wood
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
National Labor Relations Board ◽  
Smoking Restrictions ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Roll Back

This chapter examines the relationship of the labor movement to the decline of smokers' work cultures from the 1970s to the 1990s. As newspaper articles, letters to lobbyists, and published National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) decisions illustrate, the demise of smoking at work often intersected with the efforts of many employers to roll back the power of organized labor. Employers sometimes used no-smoking rules to discipline workers, committeemen, and union organizers for unwanted efforts to shape managerial policy making. Unions often fought for working-class smokers and their vanishing privileges, as the increasing marginalization of smoking and smokers seemed to portend the overall demise of labor's power in the late twentieth century. The NLRB discovered in numerous cases brought by workers and unions that employers tried to sidestep collective bargaining by abruptly creating new no-smoking rules and using smoking restrictions to harass union supporters.

The Rigor of Things

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Marion ◽  
Dan Arbib ◽  
David Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Philosophical Methodology ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Educational Career ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This book provides an introduction to the life and work of philosopher and theologian Jean-Luc Marion through a set of interviews, discussing his educational career, his work on Descartes, his phenomenology, his theology, his philosophical methodology, and his views on the future of Catholicism in France. It presents all of his major ideas in fluid dialogue and conversational tone with his former student Dan Arbib. At the same time, it provides an account of French intellectual life, especially in regard to philosophy and theology, in the late twentieth century. Marion also reflects on the relationship of philosophy to history, theology, aesthetics, and literature. The dialogues include discussions of all of his books and present their central arguments in easily comprehensible fashion. They show the overall unity of his work in terms of its focus on giveness, the gift, and the event.

Surface Architecture

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
Mohamed Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Western Modernity ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Imminent Threat ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Notwithstanding contributions such as those articulated in Kenneth Frampton's Studies in Tectonic Culture (MIT Press, 1995), few authors have furthered a clear discourse concerning the relationships between construction techniques and formal ideas in architecture subsequent to the late twentieth-century critiques of Western Modernity. Moreover, such writing as there has been has tended to draw from the supposedly redemptive, recuperative and largely Heideggerian tenor of concerns regarding the relationship of humankind to technology and its desired capacity for architecture to mitigate, if not completely resist, the assumed imminent threat of technology to life itself.

The Reception of Thomas Aquinas in Moral Theology and Moral Philosophy in the Late Twentieth Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 483-500
Author(s):  
Christopher Kaczor
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Moral Theology ◽  
Alasdair Macintyre ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
John Finnis ◽  
Rival Models ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theology And Philosophy ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Richard McCormick, John Finnis, and Alasdair MacIntyre offer rival models of the reception of Aquinas in late twentieth century moral theology and philosophy. They differed in their interpretations of Aquinas as well as in how they conceived the relationship of Aquinas with predecessors such as Aristotle and with successors such as the neo-scholastic manualists. In a way, McCormick and MacIntyre are mirror images. McCormick became less and less Thomistic as the years went on, for he came to reject Thomas’s conclusions about many practical matters as well as coming to reject Thomistic principles. MacIntyre became more and more Thomistic as the years went on, coming to accept Thomas’s views, including on a great many matters that he had previously rejected. Finnis, by contrast to both, maintains a steady interest in Thomas over many decades and his reception of Thomas involves relatively minor organic developments.

Openings in the wall: transnational migrants, labor unions, and U.S. immigration policy

1995 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Haus
Keyword(s):  
Labor Unions ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
The United States ◽  
Complex Interdependence ◽  
Immigration Legislation ◽  
Transnational Migrants ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Job Competition ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The United States resisted restrictionist immigration legislation in the late twentieth century, providing an anomaly for those who would expect restrictionism in times of economic recession. According to some expectations, labor unions would be part of a coalition that in such times would restrict migration to reduce job competition. This reasoning draws on a state-centric approach and assumes that effective barriers to entrance exist. If one alternatively assumes that states cannot fully regulate the socioeconomic forces driving migration flows, then one may expect labor unions to abandon their supposed preference for restrictionism and instead organize immigrant workers. In that case, unions would prefer migration law that accommodates the transnational migrants' interests. The data provide some support for this argument. The perspective of complex interdependence, which emphasizes transnational relations and the blurring of foreign and domestic politics, can enhance understanding of immigration policymaking.

From Competition to Cooperation: A History of Canada–US National Park Relations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Young ◽  
Alan MacEachern ◽  
Lary Dilsaver
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Park Service ◽  
Settler Societies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
The Relationship

This essay explores the evolving international relationship of the two national park agencies that in 1968 began to offer joint training classes for protected-area managers from around the world. Within the British settler societies that dominated nineteenth century park-making, the United States’ National Park Service (NPS) and Canada’s National Parks Branch were the most closely linked and most frequently cooperative. Contrary to campfire myths and nationalist narratives, however, the relationship was not a one-way flow of information and motivation from the US to Canada. Indeed, the latter boasted a park bureaucracy before the NPS was established. The relationship of the two nations’ park leaders in the half century leading up to 1968 demonstrates the complexity of defining the influences on park management and its diffusion from one country to another.

The Afterlife of Art and Objects

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Tweedie
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Still Life ◽  
Art Cinema ◽  
Spanish Baroque ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Moving Pictures ◽  
Tableau Vivant ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Like the tableau vivant, the cinematic still life experienced a stunning revival and reinvention in the late twentieth century. In contrast to the stereotypically postmodern overload of images, the still life in film initiates a moment of repose and contemplation within a medium more often defined by the forward rush of moving pictures. It also involves a profound meditation on the relationship between images and objects consistent with practices as diverse as the Spanish baroque still life and the Surrealist variation on the genre. With the work of Terence Davies and Alain Cavalier’s Thérèse (1986) as its primary touchstones, this chapter situates this renewed interest in the cinematic still life within the context of both the late twentieth-century cinema of painters and a socially oriented art cinema that focuses on marginal people and overlooked objects rather than the hegemonic historical narratives also undergoing a revival at the time.

A Reading of Westcott's Gospel of Creation: An Early Venture into Ecological Theology?

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-202
Author(s):  
Duncan Reid
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Ecological Theology ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Science And Theology ◽  
Doctrine Of Creation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

AbstractIn response to the contemporary ecological movement, ecological perspectives have become a significant theme in the theology of creation. This paper asks whether antecedents to this growing significance might predate the concerns of our times and be discernible within the diverse interests of nineteenth-century Anglican thinking. The means used here to examine this possibility is a close reading of B. F. Westcott's ‘Gospel of Creation’. This will be contextualized in two directions: first with reference to the understanding of the natural world in nineteenth-century English popular thought, and secondly with reference to the approach taken to the doctrine of creation by three late twentieth-century Anglican writers, two concerned with the relationship between science and theology in general, and a third concerned more specifically with ecology.

Gender and Marital Satisfaction: Data from the National Survey of Families and Households

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter R. Schumm ◽  
Farrell J. Webb ◽  
Stephan R. Bollman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Satisfaction Relationship ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Small Support

In 1972, Bernard argued that marriage was good for men and bad for women. Subsequent research noted that wives, on average, reported lower marital satisfaction than husbands. Furthermore, when differences within couples existed on marital satisfaction, the wife was usually the less satisfied spouse; however, most previous studies of the gender/marital satisfaction relationship had not been based on nationally representative samples. A nationally representative sample from the 1988 Survey of Families and Households was used to assess the relationship of gender with marital satisfaction. Within-couple analyses indicated that wives were less satisfied with their marriages than husbands and that, when substantial within-couple differences occurred with respect to marital satisfaction, the wife was usually the less satisfied spouse. Results provide at least small support for feminist assertions about the relatively adverse nature of marriage for women in the United States.

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