scholarly journals Forage source (alfalfa hay vs wheat straw) and rumen undegradable to degradable protein ratio: Effects on growth performance, microbial protein yield, digestibility, blood metabolites, and behavior of Holstein dairy calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. e0610-e0610
Author(s):  
Milad Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Degradable Protein

Aim of the study: The effects of forage source (alfalfa hay; AH vs. wheat straw; WS) with rumen undegradable to degradable protein ratio [low ratio (LR) = 28:72; high ratio (HR) = 36:64] were evaluated in young dairy calves. Area of study: Arak, Iran. Material and methods: Forty-eight 3-d old female Holstein dairy calves (44.5 kg of BW) were allocated in four treatments: (1) AH with low dietary RUP:RDP ratio (AH-LR); (2) AH with high dietary RUP:RDP ratio (AH-HR); (3) WS with low dietary RUP:RDP ratio (WS-LR); and (4) WS with high dietary RUP:RDP ratio (WS-HR), being RDP and RUP rumen degradable and undegradable proteins, respectively. The calves weaned on d 53 of the experiment and remained in the study until d 73 of age. Main results: The average daily gain and feed efficiency were improved in dairy calves receiving HR diets compared to LR diets during the post-weaning period (p<0.05). The fecal score (p=0.03) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (p=0.04) were improved when calves fed WS diets compared to AH diets. Feeding HR diets increased allantoin (p=0.04) and microbial protein yield, and reduced blood urea nitrogen concentration (p=0.03) compared to LR diets. Assessing the interaction effects of the experimental factors resulted that the greatest BW, wither height, and blood beta-hydroxybutyrate, and the lowest urinary N concentration were observed in the WS-HR treatment (p<0.05). Research highlights: Feeding WS with high RUP:RDP ratio is recommendable in dairy calves due to the improvement in gain and N efficiency.

Effects of linseed oil and rumen undegradable protein:rumen degradable protein ratio on performance of Holstein dairy calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (11) ◽  
pp. 1247-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kazemi-Bonchenari ◽  
M. Dehghan-Banadaky ◽  
F. Fattahnia ◽  
A. Saleh-Bahmanpour ◽  
M. Jahani-Moghadam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Degradable Protein

AbstractThe present study evaluated the interaction effects of n-3 fatty acids (from linseed oil (LSO), 0 v. 2·5, % DM basis) with rumen undegradable:degradable protein (RUP:RDP) ratios (low ratio (LR) 27:73; high ratio (HR) 38:62 based on crude protein %) in dairy calves’ starter diet. Forty-eight 3-d-old female Holstein dairy calves (41·5 kg of body weight (BW)) were allocated in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangements in the following treatments (n 12 calves/each): (1) no supplementation of LSO with LR (NLSO-LR); (2) no supplementation of LSO with HR (NLSO-HR); (3) supplementation of LSO with LR (LSO-LR) and (4) supplementation of LSO with HR (LSO-HR). The calves were weaned on day 53 of the experiment and remained in the study until day 73. Intake was not affected by LSO and RUP:RDP ratio. However, average daily gain (ADG) was improved with LSO supplementation. Feeding the HR diet increased ADG compared with the LR diet during the entire period. Final BW was greater in calves fed on the LSO than those fed the NLSO diet. Microbial protein production did not differ among treatments. Calves fed on LSO diets had greater feed efficiency than those which were not fed on LSO diets. The calves supplemented with LSO had greater wither and hip heights compared with the unsupplemented calves. The glucose, cholesterol, HDL and insulin concentrations increased in calves supplemented with LSO. In conclusion, the HR diet improved calves’ performance post-weaning; however, LSO could enhance growth performance of dairy calves during the pre-weaning period.

Effects of feeding wheat straw and middlings ensiled with whey on digestibility and growth of cattle

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. ZoBell ◽  
E. K. Okine ◽  
K. C. Olson ◽  
R. D. Wiedmeier ◽  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Growing Cattle ◽  
Wheat Middlings

Two studies were conducted with the objective of evaluating the effects of feeding different levels of whey ensiled with wheat straw and wheat middlings (whey silage) compared to control diets on production parameters in growing cattle. Whey silage was included in diets at 55 and 65.5% on a dry matter basis with net energy for maintenance and crude protein calculated to be similar to control diets containing a combination of alfalfa hay, corn silage and wheat middlings at 1.74 Mcal kg-1 and 13.4%, respectively. Dry matter intake averaged 8.41 versus 8.91 kg d-1 (P < 0.05) and 8.68 versus 7.09 kg d-1 (P < 0.05) when whey silage was included at either 55 or 65.5% of the diets compared to the control diets. Average daily gains of cattle fed whey silage incorporated at 55% was 1.00 versus 1.14 kg d-1 (P < 0.05), and reflected the difference in dry matter intake; no differences (P > 0.05) in feed efficiency (8.73:1 versus 8.71:1) were observed. However, the higher dry matter intake (DMI) of cattle fed diets with whey silage incorporated at 65.5% did not (P > 0.05) translate into higher average daily gain (1.23 versus 1.18 kg d-1), resulting in a higher (P < 0.05) feed to gain (7.00:1 versus 6.01:1) for the whey-based silage diets. Incorporation of whey silage in diets at 55% increased (P > 0.05) the dry matter digestibility by 12%, whereas incorporation at 65.5% decreased (P < 0.05) dry matter digestibility by 12% compared to control diets, with no differences (P > 0.05) in percent neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) at either level. We conclude that whey silage can be included at between 55 and 65.5% of the total dry matter in diets with no adverse effects on production compared to cattle fed diets containing a combination of alfalfa hay, corn silage and wheat middlings. Key words: Agricultural by products, crop residues, digestibility, growing cattle, production, whey silage

scholarly journals Performance of dairy cows fed diets with similar proportions of undigested neutral detergent fiber with wheat straw substituted for alfalfa hay, corn silage, or both

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 10903-10915 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kahyani ◽  
G.R. Ghorbani ◽  
M. Alikhani ◽  
E. Ghasemi ◽  
A. Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Alfalfa Hay

scholarly journals Wheat Straw or Alfalfa Hay in Diets with 30% Neutral Detergent Fiber for Lactating Holstein Cows

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 3152-3159 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Poore ◽  
J.A. Moore ◽  
R.S. Swingle ◽  
T.P. Eck ◽  
W.H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Alfalfa Hay

scholarly journals Effect of Physical Form and Level of Wheat Straw Inclusion on Growth Performance and Blood Metabolites of Fattening Goat

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1861
Author(s):  
Muhammad I. Malik ◽  
Muhammad A. Rashid ◽  
Muhammad S. Yousaf ◽  
Saima Naveed ◽  
Khalid Javed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

The inclusion of straw in high concentrate total mixed rations (TMRs) of male fattening goats can provide the necessary fiber to prevent ruminal acidosis and maintain growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the physical form (PF) of the diet (pelleted vs. conventional) and the straw level (SL) of wheat straw (WS) (15% versus 25%) in total mixed rations on feed intake, growth, total tract digestibility, and blood metabolites of fattening goats. Thirty-two male Beetal goats (27.4 ± 0.28 kg body weight (BW)) were divided randomly into the following four dietary treatments with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (n = 8/treatment): (1) CTMR15 (conventional TMR containing 15% WS), (2) CTMR25 (conventional TMR containing 25% WS), (3) PTMR15 (pelleted TMR containing 15% WS), and (4) PTMR25 (pelleted TMR containing 25% WS). Both conventional and pelleted 15% WS TMR had 33.7% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 19.3% acid detergent fiber (ADF), whereas in 25% WS TMR the NDF and ADF contents were 38.7% and 22.9%, respectively. The experimental diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous (crude protein (CP) = 15%). The dry matter intake (DMI) (1.265 vs. 1.044 kg/day) and average daily gain (ADG) (0.176 vs. 0.143 kg/day) were higher (p < 0.05) in pelleted vs. conventional TMR-fed goats. Irrespective of the PF of the TMR, the 15% WS-fed animals had greater (p < 0.05) DMI (1.206 vs. 1.102 kg/day) and ADG (0.172 vs. 0.144 kg) when compared to those fed on 25% WS diets. Furthermore, feed-to-gain ratio (F:G) was higher (p < 0.05) in the 25% WS-fed goats when compared with the 15% WS-fed animals. Digestibility coefficients, nitrogen balancing, hepatic enzymes, blood metabolites, and hematological parameters were similar (p > 0.05) across all treatments. In conclusion, feeding pelleted TMR with WS improved DMI and growth performance as compared to those fed conventional TMR, and 15% WS performed better than 25% WS without exerting any adverse effects on blood metabolites, liver enzymes, or hematological parameters.

scholarly journals Broccoli byproduct-wheat straw silage as a feed resource for fattening lambs1

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edris Partovi ◽  
Yousef Rouzbehan ◽  
Hasan Fazaeli ◽  
Javad Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
N Retention

Abstract The effect of feeding broccoli byproduct-wheat straw silage [BBWS; 69:31 ratio, dry matter (DM) basis] on performance, microbial N synthesis (MNS), rumen, and blood parameters in Fashandy lambs were evaluated. Three diets, with equal metabolizable energy and crude protein (CP) with a forage to concentrate ratio of 27:73 (DM basis), were formulated in which forage (lucerne and wheat straw) was replaced by BBWS (0, 100, or 200 g/kg of diet DM). These were assigned to three groups (n = 15/group) in a completely randomized block design for a 70-d period in which diets were offered as a total mixed ration. For each animal, dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), in vivo apparent digestibility, MNS, N retention, rumen, and blood parameters were measured. The BBWS diets had no influence on DMI, ADG, feed conversion efficiency, in vivo apparent digestibility coefficients of DM, organic matter, CP, and ash-free neutral detergent fiber. Neither MNS and N retention nor serum concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, creatinine, cholesterol, urea N, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, total protein, albumin, and globulin were affected. Rumen pH, NH3-N, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, the ratio of acetic to propionic acid, and protozoa numbers were, also, not influenced. In summary, BBWS may be fed to Fashandy lambs up to 200 g/kg of diet DM without any adverse impacts on growth performance.

scholarly journals Adjusting for 30-hour undigested neutral detergent fiber in substitution of wheat straw and beet pulp for alfalfa hay and corn silage in the diet of high-producing cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 7026-7037 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kahyani ◽  
G.R. Ghorbani ◽  
M. Alikhani ◽  
E. Ghasemi ◽  
A. Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Beet Pulp
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