scholarly journals An Associational Examination of the CaptialCube Effect Context for the MPV over the Linguistic Partitions: Testing Sensitivity & Specificity

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Edward J. Lusk ◽  
Michael Halperin
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
Random Processes ◽  
Random Selection ◽  
Testing Model ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
Median Split ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Testing Protocols

In this third examination of the CapitalCubeÔ Market Navigation Platform [CCMNP] we have selected the previously vetted set of embedded variables: Market Performance Variables [MPV] for their Linguistic Qualifiers [LQ] considering their directional market effects or MPV[LQ[{Neutral: Unfavorable: Favorable}]]. In the testing, we are interested in the Sensitivity and the Specificity of these vetted variables over the annual S&P500 Panel from 2005 to 2013. The inference framework employed a Median Split: High or Low for each of the 13 MPV tested and a random selection to avoid the FPE-jeopardy that is part of the Chi2 testing model. We used the Tamhane & Dunlop cut-off to identify Chi2 cells effects of interest and used these to develop the Sensitivity and the Specificity tests. Results: We were able to reject the a priori Nulls proffered for the testing protocols indicating that one may reject the supposition that the labeling of the LQ is formed by random processes in the CCMNP.     

Image analysis based on change point problem for random processes with the absence of a-priori data

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salavat T. Kussimov ◽  
Albert H. Sultanov ◽  
Nail K. Bakirov ◽  
Sergey V. Dyblenko
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Change Point ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Random Processes ◽  
Point Problem ◽  
Change Point Problem

Smell identification function as a severity and progression marker in Alzheimer's disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1157-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latha Velayudhan ◽  
Megan Pritchard ◽  
John F. Powell ◽  
Petroula Proitsi ◽  
Simon Lovestone
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Functional Dependence ◽  
A Priori ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Progression Marker ◽  
Median Split ◽  
Identification Function ◽  
Smell Identification

ABSTRACTBackground: Olfactory dysfunction, impaired smell identification in particular, is known as a diagnostic and a marker of conversion in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to evaluate the associations of olfactory identification impairments with cognition, illness severity, and progression in AD patients.Methods: Fifty-seven outpatients with late onset mild to moderate AD and 24 elderly non-demented controls (NDC) were assessed, at baseline and after three months, for Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), and Bristol Activities of Daily Living and Neuropsychiatry Inventory. AD participants were classified as Rapid Cognitive Decliners (RCD) defined on a priori with a loss of ≥2 points in MMSE within the previous six months.Results: AD participants had lower olfactory scores than NDC. RCD had lower olfaction scores compared with Non-Rapid Cognitive Decliners (NRCD). Although the baseline UPSIT scores were associated with baseline MMSE scores, it did not interact significantly with change in MMSE over the follow-up period. Using a median split for olfactory scores, the AD participants were classified as Rapid Olfactory Progressors (ROP) (UPSIT ≤ 15) and Slow Olfactory Progressors correlating significantly with RCD/NRCD groups. The ROP group with higher olfactory impairment indicated more symptomatic illness or severity, i.e. lower cognition, higher functional dependence, and presence of behavioral symptoms.Conclusions: Our study supports association of smell identification function with cognition and its utility as an adjunct clinical measure to assess severity in AD. Further work, including larger longitudinal studies, is needed to explore its value in predicting AD progression.

scholarly journals Nuclear imaging does not have clear added value in patients with low a priori chance of periprosthetic joint infection. A retrospective single-center experience

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Karsten D. Ottink ◽  
Stefan J. Gelderman ◽  
Marjan Wouthuyzen-Bakker ◽  
Joris J. W. Ploegmakers ◽  
Andor W. J. M. Glaudemans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Revision Surgery ◽  
Periprosthetic Joint Infection ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract. Background: A low-grade periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) may present without specific symptoms, and its diagnosis remains a challenge. Three-phase bone scintigraphy (TPBS) and white blood cell (WBC) scintigraphy are incorporated into recently introduced diagnostic criteria for PJI, but their exact value in diagnosing low-grade PJI in patients with nonspecific symptoms remains unclear. Methods: In this retrospective study, we evaluated patients with a prosthetic joint of the hip or knee who underwent TPBS and/or WBC scintigraphy between 2009 and 2016 because of nonspecific symptoms. We reviewed and calculated diagnostic accuracy of the TPBS and/or WBC scintigraphy to diagnose or exclude PJI. PJI was defined based on multiple cultures obtained during revision surgery. In patients who did not undergo revision surgery, PJI was ruled out by clinical follow-up of at least 2 years absent of clinical signs of infection based on MSIS 2011 criteria. Results: A total of 373 patients were evaluated, including 340 TPBSs and 142 WBC scintigraphies. Thirteen patients (3.5 %) were diagnosed with a PJI. TPBS sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) were 71 %, 65 %, 8 % and 98 %, respectively. Thirty-five percent of TPBS showed increased uptake. Stratification for time intervals between the index arthroplasty and the onset of symptoms did not alter its diagnostic accuracy. WBC scintigraphy sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 30 %, 90 %, 25 % and 94 %, respectively. Conclusion: Nuclear imaging does not have clear added value in patients with low a priori chance of periprosthetic joint infection.

scholarly journals Relative Stock Market Performance during the Coronavirus Pandemic: Virus vs. Policy Effects in 80 Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Richard C. K. Burdekin ◽  
Samuel Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Geographical Region ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Policy Effects ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
Stock Market Performance

This paper examines relative stock market performance following the onset of the coronavirus pandemic for a sample of 80 stock markets. Weekly data on coronavirus cases and deaths are employed alongside Oxford indices on each nation’s stringency and government support intensity. The results are broken down both by month and by geographical region. The full sample results show that increased coronavirus cases exert the expected overall effect of worsening relative stock market performance, but with little consistent impact of rising deaths. There is some evidence of significantly negative stock market effects arising from lockdowns as reflected in the Oxford stringency index. There are also positive reactions to government support in March and December in the overall sample—combined with some additional pervasive effects seen in mid-2020 in Latin America.

scholarly journals P090: Validation of a palliative or end of life care case-finding measure in emergency medical services

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. S97-S97
Author(s):  
J. Goldstein ◽  
A. Carter ◽  
M. Harrison ◽  
M. Arab ◽  
B. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Program Text ◽  
Palliative Care Program ◽  
Continuous Quality ◽  
Care Approach ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Introduction: The novel Paramedics Providing Palliative Care at Home program has been developed to address the mismatch between traditional paramedic practice and patient's goals of care. Case-finding is key to estimate potential impact for systems looking to establish such programs, continuous quality improvement once operational, and for prospective identification of patients who might benefit from referral to palliative care. Typical paramedic charting templates do not provide direct identification of these cases. Our objective was to test the validity of a previously derived Palliative Support Composite Measure (PSCM) and two modifications. Methods: A priori Gold Standard criteria for determining whether a response was appropriate for a paramedic palliative care approach were identified by expert consensus. Excluding chief complaints and clinical conditions that were universally identified as not appropriate for paramedic palliative support, these criteria were applied by two trained chart abstractors to 500 consecutive charts to classify calls as appropriate for paramedic palliative support, or not. The PSCM and modifications (added criteria call location type and registration in a palliative care program, text mining terms) were applied to the same cohort, and sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predicative (PPV/NPV) values calculated. Results: Of the 500 cases, 21 (4.2%) were classified as appropriate for paramedic palliative support by the Gold Standard (kappa 0.734). 9 cases with initial disagreement were reviewed with 8 ultimately being deemed to fit the palliative support criteria. The PSCM performed poorly (using the “potential palliative” cut point): sensitivity 71.4% (95%CI: 47.8-88.7), specificity 71.4% (95%CI: 67.1-75.4) and PPV of 9.9% (95%CI: 7.5-12.9) and NPV of 98.3% (95%CI: 96.7-99). The modified PSCM: sensitivity 61.9% (95% CI: 38.4-81.9), specificity 99% (95%CI: 97.6-99.7), PPV 72.2% (95%CI: 50.5-86.9) and NPV 98.3% (95%CI: 97.2-99). A Modified PSCM plus pall* text term performed similarly: sensitivity100% (83.9-100), specificity 97.3% (95% CI: 95.4-98.5), PPV 61.8% (95%CI: 48.6-73.4) and NPV100%. Conclusion: A modified PSCM provides moderate sensitivity, specificity and PPV, improved by the text term Pall* if feasible. This query will be helpful to systems considering a paramedic palliative care program or when one is already operational.

Anti-Ku syndrome with elevated CK and anti-Ku syndrome with anti-dsDNA are two distinct entities with different outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 1101-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Spielmann ◽  
Benoit Nespola ◽  
François Séverac ◽  
Emmanuel Andres ◽  
Romain Kessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Connective Tissue Diseases ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering Analysis ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Dsdna Antibodies ◽  
Fatal Complications

ObjectiveTo refine the spectrum of anti-Ku-associated disease, a condition that is equivocally described by current diagnostic criteria for connective tissue diseases.MethodsAmong 42 consecutive patients harbouring anti-Ku antibodies, subgroups with similar phenotypes and prognosis were delineated without an a priori diagnosis using hierarchical clustering analysis of the cumulative clinico-biological features recorded during the follow-up. Features present at baseline that most efficiently predicted the outcomes were then identified using a sensitivity–specificity sum maximisation approach.ResultsClinico-biological features were clustered into three groups. Glomerulonephritis and ILD, the two fatal complications in this cohort, were unequally distributed between the three clusters that additionally differed on six clinico-biological features.Among features present at baseline, elevated serum level of creatine kinase (CK) and anti-dsDNA antibodies were generally mutually exclusive and most efficiently predicted the cluster belonging at last follow-up. Anti-Ku patients with elevated CK had a 22-fold higher risk of ILD while anti-Ku patients with anti-dsDNA antibodies had a 13-fold higher risk of glomerulonephritisConclusion“Anti-Ku with elevated CK” syndrome and “anti-Ku with anti-dsDNA” syndrome represent two distinct entities that are important to recognise in order to best tailor patient care.

scholarly journals Features of construction of evaluation algorithms multidimensional random processes

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
A. A. Lobaty ◽  
A. Y. Bumai
Keyword(s):  
Random Process ◽  
Mathematical Description ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Random Processes ◽  
Optimality Criteria ◽  
Posteriori Probability ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
A Posteriori Probability ◽  
Additional Information

The problem of evaluating the information which is present in random signals from various sources-meters is considered. It is assumed that the random process which is evaluated and the meter output according mathematical description of the problem are vector random processes. In this case, the dimension of the vector of the measurement can be larger than the dimension of the vector of the process being evaluated. The analysis of analytical methods and algorithms of the estimation that based on the determination of the main probabilistic characteristics of a random process by both the a priori and the a posteriori methods with various optimality criteria is carried out. Based on the analysis, the problem of complexing of the meters of the random process is considered according the proposed criterion for the maximum of posterior verisimilitude, combining the criterion of maximum verisimilitude and the criterion of maximum the a posteriori probability, general methodology complexing is developed. Proposed example of the complexing shows the efficiency of the proposed method. This approach to the construction of the algorithms of the evaluation for multidimensional random processes allows to increase the accuracy of estimation, since it takes into account additional information and its complex processing.

scholarly journals Can Low-Level Exposure to Radiofrequency Fields Effect Cognitive Behaviour in Laboratory Animals? A Systematic Review of the Literature Related to Spatial Learning and Place Memory

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenon Sienkiewicz ◽  
Eric van Rongen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Mobile Phone Technology ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Place Memory ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Independent Replication ◽  
Testing Protocols

This review considers whether exposure to low-level radiofrequency (RF) fields, mostly associated with mobile phone technology, can influence cognitive behaviour of laboratory animals. Studies were nominated for inclusion using an a priori defined protocol with preselected criteria, and studies were excluded from analysis if they did not include sufficient details about the exposure, dosimetry or experimental protocol, or if they lacked a sham-exposed group. Overall, 62 studies were identified that have investigated the effects of RF fields on spatial memory and place learning and have been published since 1993. Of these, 17 studies were excluded, 20 studies reported no significant field-related effects, 21 studies reported significant impairments or deficits, and four studies reported beneficial consequences. The data do not suggest whether these outcomes are related to specific differences in exposure or testing conditions, or simply represent chance. However, some studies have suggested possible molecular mechanisms for the observed effects, but none of these has been substantiated through independent replication. Further behavioural studies could prove useful to resolve this situation, and it is suggested that these studies should use a consistent animal model with standardized exposure and testing protocols, and with detailed dosimetry provided by heterogeneous, anatomically-realistic animal models.

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