Support for the provision of “digital immortality” based on physical informatics methods

The improvement of modern computer technology to achieve fundamentally new indicators can be carried out on the basis of various approaches. One of such approaches is the application of methods of physical informatics. Therefore, this paper considers the support of ensuring “digital immortality” based on physical computer science methods. On the basis of Wiener random processes, measures are proposed to ensure the security of computer nodes to ensure “digital immortality”. The calculated ratios from physical informatics adapted to determine the requirements for the design of information systems to ensure the digitalization of the brain are given.

Ensuring the validity of the results of calibrations and tests by statistical methods

According to the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:2017, the validity of test and calibration results is ensured, inter alia, by intralaboratory check of the results obtained. In this case, it is preferable to use statistical methods. The ISO 5725 standards define a number of such methods, but the choice of specific methods is left to the laboratory, taking into account the requirements for the adequacy of the effort, resources and time for the purposes of the work performed and the risks of obtaining inappropriate results. In this case, the laboratory itself must in a certain way determine which objects of calibrations (tests) should be predominantly used in checks and what frequency of checks should be foreseen. In connection with the increase in the accuracy and complexity of measuring systems, the need to apply the methods of the theory of random processes becomes more and more obvious. It is shown that the use of the Poincaré plot makes it possible to comprehensively, effectively and visually evaluate changes in the measuring process from the point of view of the dynamics of the obtained measurement results. The results of the check, in particular, the intermediate precision, make it possible to obtain a more realistic evaluation of measurement uncertainty in accordance with ISO 21748. The paper analyses some practical approaches (of varying degrees of complexity) to intralaboratory checks of the validity of calibration (test) results.

METHOD OF STATISTICAL IMITATION, ITS CREATOR S. ULAM AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF APPLICATION FOR RANDOM PROCESSES MODELING

METHOD OF STATISTICAL IMITATION, ITS CREATOR S. ULAM AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF APPLICATION FOR RANDOM PROCESSES MODELING

Risk Analysis in Engineering Projects

Modern business processes are characterized by a large number of random factors that can affect the characteristics of internal and external processes. The created models use the method of calculating output parameters as an operation with random characteristics of factors that affect the final results. The processes and factors of the project are divided into permanent and random. Random processes are characterized by individual distributions and characteristics. The mathematical model of a business project is formed by a program that performs operations with the characteristics of random factors and risk factors that form the business project. The generated model allows you to calculate financial flows and balances at all stages of the project implementation, and determines various indicators of its effectiveness. To optimize these indicators, it is planned to introduce anti-risk measures. The model allows you to optimize the number of such activities, taking into account their cost and the degree of impact on the project performance indicators. Using the proposed method of analyzing business projects allows you to take into account possible random factors and risk factors and make the most optimal management decisions.

Mesoscale cortex-wide neural dynamics predict self-initiated actions in mice several seconds prior to movement

Volition - the sense of control or agency over one's voluntary actions - is widely recognized as the basis of both human subjective experience and natural behavior in non-human animals. To date, several human studies have found peaks in neural activity preceding voluntary actions, e.g. the readiness potential (RP), and some have shown upcoming actions could be decoded even before awareness. These findings remain controversial with some suggesting they pose a challenge to traditional accounts of human volition while others proposing that random processes underlie pre-movement neural activity. Here we seek to address part of this controversy by evaluating whether pre-movement neural activity in mice contains structure beyond that expected from random processes. Implementing a self-initiated water-rewarded lever pull paradigm in mice while recording widefield [Ca++] neural activity we find that cortical activity changes in variance seconds prior to movement and that upcoming lever pulls or spontaneous body movements could be predicted between 1 second to more than 10 seconds prior to movement, similar to but even earlier than in human studies. We show that mice, like humans, are biased towards initiation of voluntary actions during specific phases of neural activity oscillations but that the pre-movement neural code in mice changes over time and is widely distributed as behavior prediction improved when using all vs single cortical areas. These findings support the presence of structured multi-second neural dynamics preceding voluntary action beyond that expected from random processes. Our results also suggest that neural mechanisms underlying self-initiated voluntary action could be preserved between mice and humans.

Adaptive Management of Transport Logistics in Agricultural Enterprises

Agriculture is a complex logistics system with some features and limitations. The logistics system usually operates in conditions of pronounced uncertainty, characteristic random processes, so the aim of the article is to study and develop recommendations for improving the adaptability of transport logistics management in agricultural enterprises. In the article, the authors considered the specifics of logistics processes occurring in agriculture. The importance of cooperation in the development of logistics of the agro-industrial complex formed based on intersectoral cooperation of public transport enterprises, institutions, service, and infrastructure organizations, which have separate transport units, united by technological and economic ties, and use a variety of resources of the region for the formation and implementation of transport services. The financial content of cluster development as a tool of competitiveness and innovative activity of agricultural enterprises is reflected, which allows realizing the available potential to increase sales.

The five-point non-coherent model of a distributed radar object providing the independent control of angle noise probability characteristics along two orthogonal coordinate axes

The two-dimensional five-point non-coherent model replacing a distributed radar target is explored in this work. Four fixed model points are set in corners of the square but the fifth movable point lies inside of this square. Model points are supplied by normal uncorrelated random processes. The possibilities of the five-point non-coherent model of a distributed radar object for independent control of the producing angle noise parameters along two orthogonal coordinate axes are explored. The disadvantage of this model is noted - the connection of parameters values of angle noise probability density function for two coordinate axes. The expression describing this connection is specified. Expressions determining the boundaries of the allowable coordinate values of the fifth movable point of the five-point non-coherent model, within which the model provides the set parameters of the angle noise probability density function, are defined. The arrived results are validated by program simulations.

RECONSTRUCTION OF GAUSSIAN RANDOM FUNCTIONS FROM SPECTRUM DATA

It is known that a stationary random process is represented as a superposition of harmonic oscillations with real frequencies and uncorrelated amplitudes. In the study of nonstationary processes, it is natural to have increasing or declining oscillationсs. This raises the problem of constructing algorithms that would allow constructing broad classes of nonstationary processes from elementary nonstationary random processes. A natural generalization of the concept of the spectrum of a nonstationary random process is the transition from the real spectrum in the case of stationary to a complex or infinite multiple spectrum in the nonstationary case. There is also the problem of describing within the correlation theory of random processes in which the spectrum has no analogues in the case of stationary random processes, namely, the spectrum point is real, but it has infinite multiplicity for the operator image of the corresponding operator, and when the spectrum itself is complex. Reconstruction of the complex spectrum of a nonstationary random function is a very important problem in both theoretical and applied aspects. In the paper the procedure of reconstruction of random process, sequence, field from a spectrum for Gaussian random functions is developed. Compared to the stationary case, there are wider possibilities, for example, the construction of a nonstationary random process with a real spectrum, which has infinite multiplicity and which can be distributed over the entire finite segment of the real axis. The presence of such a spectrum leads, in contrast to the case of a stationary random process, to the appearance of new components in the spectral decomposition of random functions that correspond to the internal states of «strings», i.e. generated by solutions of systems of equations in partial derivatives of hyperbolic type. The paper deals with various cases of the spectrum of a non-self-adjoint operator , namely, the case of a discrete spectrum and the case of a continuous spectrum, which is located on a finite segment of the real axis, which is the range of values of the real non-decreasing function a(x). The cases a(x)=0, a(x)=a0, a(x)=x and a(x) is a piecewise constant function are studied. The authors consider the recovery of nonstationary sequences for different cases of the spectrum of a non-self-adjoint operator promising since spectral decompositions are a superposition of discrete or continuous internal states of oscillators with complex frequencies and uncorrelated amplitudes and therefore have deep physical meaning.

The inspection paradox in stochastic resetting

The remaining travel time of a plane shortens with every minute that passes from its departure, and a flame diminishes a candle with every second it burns. Such everyday occurrences bias us to think that processes which have already begun will end before those which have just started. Yet, the inspection paradox teaches us that the converse can also happen when randomness is at play. The paradox comes from probability theory, where it is often illustrated by measuring how long passengers wait upon arriving at a bus stop at a random time. Interestingly, such passengers may on average wait longer than the mean time between bus arrivals – a counter-intuitive result, since one expects to wait less when coming some time after the previous bus departed. In this viewpoint, we review the inspection paradox and its origins. The insight gained is then used to explain why, in some situations, stochastic resetting expedites the completion of random processes. Importantly, this is done with elementary mathematical tools which help develop a probabilistic intuition for stochastic resetting and how it works. This viewpoint can thus be used as an accessible introduction to the subject.