"friend-foe" opposition in Ukrainian linguoculture

The friend – foe dichotomy, as a special way of categorising reality, is at the heart of ethnic self-consciousness, building the world around a person. The interpretation "friend" and "foe" is invariably axiological. "Friend" refers to a personal possessor, a socio-cultural group that is identified based on various types of similarity, where "correct", "native", "close", "safe" is perceived as positive. The conceptual model "foe" is the opposition: everything "other", "strange", "unusual", "wrong" is perceived negative. The axiologiness of this opposition is relative and depends on the ethical attitudes of an ethnic group based on the conceptualisation of the friend – foe dichotomy from the standpoint of the binary opposition I – Other; the factors, mechanisms, and results of interaction between the components of the opposition are clarified; the content transformations of the friend – foe dichotomy are traced; the identification function of the latter is updated in the context of modernity. For Ukraine, where the identity development has happened to be incredibly complicated by the incongruity of value, foreign, and political orientations, the issue of borderline, "border strategies", the presence of the "friend" / "foe" dichotomy in the socio-cultural space is extremely relevant.

Prototype of a remotely controlled model of a tugboat with an azimuth rudder and a hazard identification function

The author’s approach, based on the technology of control actions, is proposed for the interface display of the algorithm for the operation of an automatic tugboat with an azimuth rudder and a hazard assessment function. To define the object as presumably dangerous, the article used the formulas of the direct and inverse navigation problems. To compare the coordinates of the vessel and the perceived “hazard”, one first needs to enter data, process the information, and display information that is understandable for the decision-maker. To eliminate the misunderstanding of this situation, the operation of the danger prevention algorithm was demonstrated using the visual basic programming language as an example. When constructing an algorithm for the safe movement of the vessel and the existing danger, each object, even a stand-alone one, has many coordinate points. Knowing the number of points of coordinates of the vessel and “danger”, they were taken as n and m, respectively. The algorithm searches for the optimal point-object. The scheme of interaction of the components of the automatic tug azimuth model (ABA) is proposed. It is based on a Raspberry Pi single-board computer with an Arduino Mega board connected to it. A program has been written to control the ABA model using omnidirectional wheels to simulate maneuvering on water.

Student’s road to history: new concept of teaching the course

This article is devoted to the new concept of teaching the History course developed by the team of authors from Financial University. The course is subdivided into three interrelated structural sections. The course sections are based on the principle of analysis of major points of the Russian civilization historical development in the context of world history. Students are introduced to the principles of working with historical documents, statistic data, as well as other materials providing correct interpretation of focal points of historical process. The authors believe that such arrangement of the course would allow orienting the students’ cognition at development of consistent point of view on their place in history. By means of teaching history in this way, several tasks are solved at once. Firstly, the students eagerly search for their place in the world, that is, two major functions of historical cognition are combined: educational function and self-identification function. Secondly, it is possible to remain in the preset frames of historical education adopted in modern Russian universities. Thirdly, the teaching of history is harmonically embodied into the structure of humanitarian education on the basis of interdisciplinary historical and philosophical approach. Teaching of the History course should eliminate serious negative issues of Russian historical cognition.

Modern Wooden Coffins – A Biography of Things

This paper discusses the issue of a biography of a coffin from the perspective of biographical events common to many modern artefacts from the Polish territory. The aim was to identify past and present functions by determining the life cycle of a coffin: from its manufacturing (determination of its manufacturer and recipient; manufacturing techniques; the shape; the size; ornamentation) through ‘participation’ in a funeral ceremony, including transportation of the dead to the church, viewing, inhumation, the period of ‘concealment’, to its revival (e.g. as a museum exhibit). It was determined that at each stage of its ‘life’, the coffin served informative and protective purposes. Additionally, at the stage of its revival, it serves an important verification and identification function from the perspective of researchers in the field. Moreover, preservation of individual burials in coffins and crypts promotes sacral tourism; coffins in the church space have enormous exhibition potential that can be used to build a national and local community.

Elicitability and identifiability of set-valued measures of systemic risk

Identification and scoring functions are statistical tools to assess the calibration of risk measure estimates and to compare their performance with other estimates, e.g. in backtesting. A risk measure is called identifiable (elicitable) if it admits a strict identification function (strictly consistent scoring function). We consider measures of systemic risk introduced in Feinstein et al. (SIAM J. Financial Math. 8:672–708, 2017). Since these are set-valued, we work within the theoretical framework of Fissler et al. (preprint, available online at arXiv:1910.07912v2, 2020) for forecast evaluation of set-valued functionals. We construct oriented selective identification functions, which induce a mixture representation of (strictly) consistent scoring functions. Their applicability is demonstrated with a comprehensive simulation study.

Proper names and minority language laws in Slovakia

The use of official proper names is regulated by laws that contribute to the social codification and standardization of propria registration. The paper deals with minority language laws concerning the use of proper names of national minorities in Slovakia. The author gives an overview of the laws, or more precisely paragraphs dealing with the use of official anthroponyms, toponyms and names of institutions. In Slovakia, the largest national minority is Hungarian, so the paper gives examples of using the proper names of Hungarians living in Slovakia, that is, from Slovak-Hungarian bilingual municipalities. In an ethnically mixed environment, the variability of the forms of propria increases, since in the official (and non-official) sphere, proper names can be used not only in the state language, but also in the minority language. In bilingual municipalities, bilingual toponyms and names of institutions appear in both languages. Members of national minorities have the option of entering a personal name in the Register Offices in their mother tongue. Minority proper names fulfil an ethno-identification function, they are a source of individual and collective identity.

Impaired Odor Identification of Culturally Familiar Odorants Associated with Dementia in South Korean Older Adults

Among olfactory functions, odor identification is the most studied predictor of dementia. We aimed to verify whether patients with dementia are less aware of specific odors than cognitively normal individuals using an odor identification test, which includes odorants that are culturally familiar to South Koreans. We divided 139 older adults aged 57–79 years into the dementia and normal cognition groups. Odor identification function was assessed in all participants. We conducted hierarchical logistic regression analyses with the diagnosis of dementia as a dependent variable and three demographic characteristics, as well as 12 odor identification items, as independent variables. Impaired odor identification for herbal medicine (odds ratio (OR) = 9.420; p = 0.012) and Korean grilled meat (OR = 5.361; p = 0.019) and older age (OR = 1.176; p = 0.005) were significant predictors of dementia. Impaired odor identification of culturally familiar odorants was associated with dementia risk. This may be explained by the fact that compared with culturally non-specific universal odorants, familiar odorants are more related to episodic memory, which is impaired in the early stages of dementia. Thus, an optimal combination of odor identification items should be used for screening individuals with cognitive decline requiring further neurocognitive function tests.

Establishing an Isolation Alert System for Mountain Community

<p>The outreach road of mountain community has been interrupted by disasters such debris flow, flood and landslides, resulting in the interruption of the outreach road of the mountain community, forming a state like an island, which can be regarded as an isolation effect. In recent years, extreme events caused by extreme weather. The special geographical conditions in Taiwan, coupled with the increase in the frequency of natural disasters, have been heard by isolated island news. In 2015, Typhoon Soudelor hit Taiwan, and Wulai, New Taipei City caused severe disasters. Debris flow and landslides occurred, causing the interruption of Xinwu Road, the main liaison road in Wulai, and the isolation effect in Wulai. If we can integrate the historical data and research of isolation effect, and combine the theory of isolated prediction with instant rainfall and disaster prevention information, and finally visualize the information by alert system, it will help the general public's disaster prevention awareness and related disaster prevention unit decision-making reference.</p><p>Therefore, this research builds an isolation alert system. The three main information functions of this system include 1. disaster island geographic information function 2. isolated accident village identification function and 3. immediate isolated warning function. The d isolated geographic information display function is mainly to display the historical information about the isolation effect. The information of the village has been published, including the village's geography, social information and disaster history, and the risk map is presented by the vulnerability and resilience indicators. The village identification function of the isolated incident is realized by the Common Alerting Protocol of the road, and based on this, the identification in the immediate isolated village is carried out. The immediate disaster isolated warning function combines real-time rainfall information and integrates the Rainfall Triggering Index, Machine Learning's Supervised Learning algorithm, and the Common Alerting Protocol for the road. In the end, it was verified by the 2017 Typhoon Nepartak incident, and the results were all given the correct warning level for the isolated village.</p>