scholarly journals Fair Value Accounting Practices and Efficiency of Banks: A Theoretical Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
S G Sisira Dharmasri Jayasekara ◽  
K L Wasantha Perera ◽  
A Roshan Ajward
Keyword(s):  
Financial Intermediation ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Fair Value Accounting ◽  
Historical Cost ◽  
Fractional Reserve ◽  
Accounting Principles ◽  
Credit Creation ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
The Impact

This conceptual paper discusses the impact of fair value accounting practices on performance of commercial banks in relation to  the  established banking theories i.e. Credit creation, fractional reserve and financial intermediation theory. These theories are discussed in view of historical cost accounting principles and fair valued accounting principles considering the performance in terms of efficiency during different stages of economic conditions. The analysis shows that fair value accounting practices in banks create reserves in economic booms improving efficiency and deteriorate created reserves in economic downturns causing financial crises.  Enhanced financial performance in terms of unrealized gains improves the overall efficiency of banks in view of the intermediation approach of the financial intermediation theory. Therefore, it can be interpreted that external factors such as accounting, infrastructure, and technology can influence efficiency of the financial intermediation process. This is the first study to discuss the implications of fair value accounting on banking theory in view of performance of banks and stability of financial system.

scholarly journals Fair Value Accounting vs. Historical Cost Accounting

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Paul Jaijairam
Keyword(s):  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Fair Value Accounting ◽  
Historical Cost ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Accounting Reports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Historical Cost Accounting

This paper reviews fair value accounting method relative to historical cost accounting. Although both methods are widely used by entities in computing their income and financial positions, there is controversy over superiority. Historical cost accounting reports assets and liabilities at the initial price they were exchanged for at the time of the transaction. Conversely, fair value accounting quotes the prevailing price in the market. Nevertheless, while both methods of accounting affect financial statements, the impact of fair value accounting on the balance sheet and income statement is extreme due to the potential volatility of the method. Fair value accounting is deemed superior when compared to historical cost accounting because it reflects the current situation in the market whereas the later is based on the past. In addition, in relative terms, fair value accounting provides users with more current financial information and visibility.

Fair value and banking contagion

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Gharbi ◽  
Halioui Khamoussi
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Fair Value Accounting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gcc Countries ◽  
Conventional Banks ◽  
Value Changes ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to explore empirically the impact of fair value accounting on banking contagion in a comparative context between Islamic banks and conventional banks. Design/methodology/approach The analysis of the impact of fair value changes on banking contagion is carried out through a panel data model. This study covers 20 Islamic banks and 40 conventional banks operating in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries during nine years from 2003 to 2011. Findings Empirical evidence shows that there is a significant change in dynamic volatility in GCC banking sector because of financial crisis 2008. However, results fail to confirm the hypothesis that fair value accounting is significantly associated with an increase of banking contagion for both Islamic and conventional banks operating in GCC countries. Originality/value The outcome of this study provides some insights for academicians, accountants as well as regulators in terms of enhancing the effectiveness of accounting practices.

scholarly journals Fair Value Accounting and Earnings Management Using LLP and Realized Gains and Losses: Study in Banking Industry Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-137
Author(s):  
Ice Maria Ulfa ◽  
Bambang Subroto ◽  
Zaki Baridwan
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Fair Value Accounting ◽  
Loan Loss ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Fair Value Accounting and Earnings Management Using LLP and Realized Gains and Losses: Study in Banking Industry Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study examines whether earnings management can be limited by the implementation of fair value accounting in banking industry. The main contribution of this study is  providing provide empirical evidence about the impact of fair value accounting on earnings management in Indonesia. Earnings management is proxied by loan loss provision (LLP), the realized of gains and losses, and the trade-off between realized gains and losses and LLP following Bratten et al (2013). The study provides empirical evidence that earnings management is still performed by banks, by using LLP, realized gains and losses and also occurs trade-off between LLP and realized gains and losses as means to perform earnings management in accordance with the needs of management. If banks are exposed to fair value accounting, managers will have more flexibility in reporting banks’ financial performance to present a desired earning, by  providing them with additional earning managements tools. These findings can be informative for policymakers, banking practitioners, and academics.  Keywords: earnings management, fair value accounting, LLP, realized gains and losses, trade-off LLP and realized gains and losses.Abstrak: Akuntansi Nilai Wajar dan Manajemen Laba menggunakan CKPN dan Realized Gains and Losses: Studi pada Industri Perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Studi ini bertujuan untuk meneliti apakah manajemen laba dapat dibatasi oleh penerapan akuntansi nilai wajar dalam industri perbankan. Kontribusi dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan bukti empiris tentang dampak penerapan akuntansi nilai wajar pada manajemen laba di Indonesia. Manajemen laba diproksikan oleh cadangan kerugian penurunan nilai (CKPN), realized of gains and losses, dan trade-off antara realized of gains and losses dan CKPN mengikuti model penelitian Bratten et al (2013). Studi ini memberikan bukti empiris bahwa manajemen laba masih dilakukan oleh bank menggunakan CKPN, realized of gains and losses dan juga terjadi trade-off antara CKPN dan realized of gains and losses sebagai sarana manajemen laba sesuai dengan kebutuhan manajemen. Konsekuensi dari paparan bank terhadap akuntansi nilai wajar dapat meningkatkan fleksibilitas manajer dalam melaporkan penghasilan yang diinginkan dengan memberikan mereka alat manajemen laba. Temuan-temuan tersebut dapat bersifat informatif bagi pembuat kebijakan, anggota industri perbankan, dan akademisi. Kata kunci: manajemen laba, akuntansi nilai wajar, CKPN, realized gains and losses, trade-off CKPN dan realized gains and losses.

Harmonization, Comparability, and Fair Value Accounting

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benzion Barlev ◽  
Joshua Rene Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Fair Value Accounting ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ◽  
Historical Cost ◽  
The Common

In this paper, we focus on the relationships between international accounting harmonization (IAH) and the paradigm of Fair Value Accounting (FVA). Accountants rely on the accounting concept of comparability in defining IAH and are in agreement that a set of internationally implemented Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) is required for a “complete harmonization.” We argue, however, that a second requirement—a common denominator for measuring, recording, and reporting business transactions, assets, liabilities, and equities—is necessary to reach a state of a “complete IAH.” We explain the logic behind the requirement of a common denominator and assert that IAH is feasible under the paradigm of FVA, but not under that of Historical Cost Accounting (HCA). This is true because the concept of fair value, but not historical cost, provides the common denominator necessary for a meaningful comparison of accounting data. We then argue that the paradigm of FVA acts as a catalyst in a harmonization cycle: FVA propels IAH and IAH provides more relevant information that may foster the efficiency of global markets, which improves the quality of the FVA figures.

scholarly journals Fair Value Accounting and Corporate Reporting in Nigeria: A Logistics Regression Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
A. E. Adegboyegun ◽  
E. Ben-Caleb ◽  
A. O. Ademola ◽  
J. U. Madugba ◽  
D. F. Eluyela
Keyword(s):  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Fair Value Accounting ◽  
Corporate Reporting ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Future Cash Flows ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This study examined the impact of fair value accounting on corporate reporting in Nigeria. The primary data used were gathered through a well-structured questionnaire, designed and administered to 120 respondents, who are made up of accountants, auditors, bankers, financial experts and practitioners in Lagos State, Nigeria. We adopted the logistic regression approach in analyzing the research questions. We found that fair value accounting has impact on corporate reporting. The Cox and Snell’s R-Square revealed that 67.1% of the variation in the corporate reporting was explained by the logistic model. We further found a moderate strong relationship between the fair value accounting and corporate reporting. Based on this finding, the study concluded that the used of fair value helped in predicting the earnings and assessment of the amounts, timing and uncertainty of future cash flows in corporate reporting which dependent on its reliability. However, institutional factors played an essential role in enhancing the reliability of discretionary fair value estimates which in return increased the informativeness of accounting information in corporate reporting.

Fair value accounting choice

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Pinto ◽  
Manuel Caldeira Pais
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Accounting Conservatism ◽  
Accounting Choice ◽  
Fair Value Accounting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fund Managers ◽  
Asset Value ◽  
Accounting Model ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – Profiting from a unique research opportunity in the Portuguese REIFs market, this paper aims to investigate the impact of fund managers ' accounting choice on funds ' returns distribution and analyses the relationship between fair value accounting choice and conditional accounting conservatism. Design/methodology/approach – According to Portuguese securities market regulation, fund managers of REIFs can fix the value of the fund properties between the acquisition cost and the average of the appraisal values assigned periodically by two independent appraisers. Therefore, through the analysis of fund managers’ actual choice to value REIF net asset value in comparison with a mandatory adoption of a pure fair value method (appraisers’ valuations), the paper investigates the impact of accounting choice on funds’ return series. On the other hand, an analysis at fund level is also conducted to determine the consequences of fair value accounting choice on the ability of fund managers in delaying the recognition of asset value decreases (bad news). Findings – Results indicate that in the period of financial crisis, significant differences in REIF returns according to the accounting method used to value properties are observed. There is also evidence that fund managers of open-end funds that are subject to greater market pressure to meet financial reporting objectives are more likely to smooth book value returns. Additionally, findings support the hypothesis that REIFs that use a more historical cost accounting model exhibit a lower degree of conditional accounting conservatism, suggesting that the use of fair value may be useful to reduce fund manager discretion in delaying the recognition of losses. Originality/value – This paper provides an empirical evidence of one possible positive effect of the use of fair value on the quality of financial reporting, evidencing how a more fair value accounting model may limit fund managers’ discretion.

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