scholarly journals Research on the Cooperative Behavior of Academic Papers Published by Chinese Educational Scholars Based on Complex Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Bichu Li ◽  
Ziliang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Matthew Effect ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Chinese Education ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Aggregation Effect

Research on mutual cooperation among scholars or research institutions has become more and more common. Thepurpose of this paper is to explore the current status of cooperation between scholars and research institutions in thefield of Chinese education. In this paper, we use the method of the complex network to analyze the cooperativebehavior of academic papers published by Chinese educational scholars by collecting academic papers on educationleadership, education policy, quality education, and vocational education. Our conclusions show that most of theacademic papers published by Chinese educational scholars are non-cooperative. In the authors of the co-authoredpapers, there is a significant "Matthew effect", that is, some key scholars in these fields that link the collaborators.Lastly, there is no obvious aggregation effect between the authors of the co-authored papers which indicating awidespread and extensive connection between the collaborators. The above conclusions provide valuable insightsinto our understanding of the cooperative behavior of Chinese education scholars.

scholarly journals Greater effects of mutual cooperation and defection on subsequent cooperation in direct reciprocity games than generalized reciprocity games: Behavioral experiments and analysis using multilevel models

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242607
Author(s):  
Yutaka Horita
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
The Other ◽  
Behavioral Strategy ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Shift Strategy ◽  
Better Than

Reciprocity toward a partner’s cooperation is a fundamental behavioral strategy underlying human cooperation not only in interactions with familiar persons but also with strangers. However, a strategy that takes into account not only one’s partner’s previous action but also one’s own previous action—such as a win-stay lose-shift strategy or variants of reinforcement learning—has also been considered an advantageous strategy. This study investigated empirically how behavioral models can be used to explain the variances in cooperative behavior among people. To do this, we considered games involving either direct reciprocity (an iterated prisoner’s dilemma) or generalized reciprocity (a gift-giving game). Multilevel models incorporating inter-individual behavioral differences were fitted to experimental data using Bayesian inference. The results indicate that for these two types of games, a model that considers both one’s own and one’s partner’s previous actions fits the empirical data better than the other models. In the direct reciprocity game, mutual cooperation or defection—rather than relying solely on one’s partner’s previous actions—affected the increase or decrease, respectively, in subsequent cooperation. Whereas in the generalized reciprocity game, a weaker effect of mutual cooperation or defection on subsequent cooperation was observed.

History and the Current State of Elementary Education in India

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Matthey-Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Current Status ◽  
State Action ◽  
Government Education ◽  
Education In India ◽  
The Government ◽  
Poor Children

Chapter 1 gives an overview of the history and current status of the education system in India. It identifies parts of the society whom Article 21A is primarily aimed at, and what the most pressing issues to be addressed in the field of primary and lower secondary education are. It is quite clear that those who might profit from having a right to education are those who do not have the means to already afford quality education for themselves by obtaining it from the private market and who are, therefore, dependent on some form of state action. Strangely, it will be shown, even after years of education being a fundamental right, decent-quality education is still not seen as a ‘public good’ that the state ought to provide for free but something that is supposed to be obtained from the market, with the government education system being considered as something ‘meant for (very) poor children’.

scholarly journals Education for children with disabilities: Will policy changes promote equal access in Kenya?

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Moyi
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Equal Access ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Special Needs Education ◽  
The Government

Policies to increase access to quality education have largely focused on reducing gender and income inequality; however, many children do not attend or fully participate in school because they have disabilities. Limited policy attention towards children with disabilities in developing countries is an obstacle to progress towards universal education. The limited knowledge and inadequate policies means many children with disabilities have limited access to quality education. In 2010, the legislative and policy context in Kenya changed significantly. The paper examines how the new constitution and the National Special Needs Education Policy Framework may impact the education of children with disabilities in coming years. The paper concludes that there is reason to be cautiously optimistic about the education of children with disabilities because of the new constitution and the National Special Needs Education Policy Framework make the government legally liable for their education.

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