scholarly journals Farming system approach to meet the challenges from extreme weather

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
B. GANGWAR ◽  
N. SUBASH ◽  
N. RAVISANKAR
Keyword(s):  
System Approach ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Integrated Farming ◽  
Horizontal Expansion

 Location specific and integrated farming system based technological management options reduce the climatic risk and better utilization of available natural resources produce higher agricultural productivity and thereby enhance food and livelihood security of small and marginal farmers of India. The significance of IFS approach is supportive in enhancing productivity to meet the food, feed and fuel for ever increasing human and animal population.  It also increases the land productivity, profitability and also generate employment. Since small farms are often vulnerable to natural vagaries like flood, drought and farming remains at risk. Due to industrialization and population growth, the horizontal expansion of agricultural area is not possible.  The vertical expansion in small farms is possible by integrating appropriate farming system components requiring less space and time and ensuring periodic income to the farmers.  A farming system model was synthesized based on the studies conducted at ICAR-IIFSR located in western plain zone of Uttar Pradesh for a period of six years (2004-2010) revealed that Integrated farming system approach applied on a piece of 1.5 hectare irrigated land, besides fulfilling all the requirement of 7 members household food and fodder demand (animals) inclusive cost of production, could create an additional average annual savings of Rs. 47000/- in four fours of its establishment and more than Rs. 50000/- in subsequent years. the family gets some income round the year and another benefit is if due to any extreme event occurred at any time of the year, the farmer will get some income from any of the enterprises, so that it will cater to the need of the food security.  Since each enterprise react differently to extreme weather events; the influence of droughts/floods/ higher temperature will be different to different enterprises and because of the diversification, the farmer will get some income from their enterprises, so that he can sustain under difficult times.  This manuscript analyses how farming system approach is different and site specific and also how it will decrease the vulnerability under extreme climatic situations with some examples.

scholarly journals Gênese, Impacto e a Variabilidade das Precipitações de Granizo na Mesorregião Centro-Sul Paranaense, Brasil / Genesis, Impact and Variability of Hail Precipitations in the Central South Mesoregion of the State of Paraná, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (56) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Felipe da Silva Caldana ◽  
Anderson Paulo Rudke ◽  
Iara Da Silva ◽  
Pablo Ricardo Nitsche ◽  
Paulo Henrique Caramori
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Event ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Central South

Condições de tempo e clima são essenciais para a agricultura e o desenvolvimento da sociedade, entretanto, sua dinâmica pouco compreendida pode comprometer algumas atividades humanas. A precipitação de granizo, um evento extremo caracterizado por precipitação de água em estado sólido, tem alta capacidade destrutiva no meio rural e urbano, gerando transtornos e prejuízos frequentes. A Mesorregião Centro-Sul Paranaense (MRCSP) possui uma grande área de produção agrícola e aproximadamente 500 mil habitantes, que podem estar vulneráveis a eventos meteorológicos extremos, sendo necessário estudos que auxiliem o planejamento para auxiliar tomadas de decisão na região. Desta forma, este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar a gênese, frequência, ocorrência, impactos e a variabilidade de precipitações de granizo na MRCSP, fornecendo suporte para o planejamento e adoção de preventivas de combate ao impacto desse fenômeno na região. Foram utilizadas quatro fontes distintas de dados: estações agrometeorológicas, jornais regionais, imagens de satélite e relatórios de ocorrências, danos e situações de emergência da Defesa Civil. Foram identificados 37 decretos de situação de emergência vinculados a granizo e 395.057 pessoas afetadas na região, em 18 anos de análise. O principal dano observado foi o destelhamento. Em Laranjeiras do Sul observou-se, em média, 5,4 eventos por ano. Os sistemas convectivos e as frentes frias foram identificados como os principais sistemas meteorológicos atuantes na formação de granizo nesta região. Os resultados demonstraram alta frequência de precipitações de granizo em toda região. Com ausência de planejamento para redução da vulnerabilidade, a exposição aos eventos extremos meteorológicos permanece frequente.Palavras–chave: vulnerabilidade, risco climático, eventos extremos, clima urbano.Abstract Weather and climate conditions are essential for agriculture and the development of society; however, their little-understood dynamics can compromise some human activities. Hail precipitation, an extreme event characterised by solid state water precipitation, has high destructive capacity in rural and urban environments, generating frequent disturbances and losses. The Central-South Paraná state Meso-region (MRCSP) in southern Brazil has a large agricultural production area and approximately 500 thousand inhabitants, which may be vulnerable to extreme weather events, and studies are needed to assist in decision making in this region. This work aimed to identify the genesis, frequency, occurrence, impacts and variability of hail precipitation in the MRCSP, providing support for the planning and adoption of preventive measures to combat the impact of this phenomenon. Four different sources of data were used: agrometeorological stations, regional newspapers, satellite images and reports of occurrences, damages and emergencies issued by the Civil Defense. Thirty-seven emergency decrees related to hail and 395,057 people affected in the region were identified in 18 years of analysis. The primary damage observed was roof destruction. In Laranjeiras do Sul, an average of 5.4 events were observed per year. The convective systems and the cold fronts were identified as the central meteorological systems working in the genesis of hail in this region. In the absence of planning for vulnerability reduction, exposure to extreme weather events remains frequent.Keywords: vulnerability, climate risk, extreme events, urban climate.

scholarly journals Doubling Farmers’ Income through Integrated Farming System Approach in Purba Barddhaman District of West Bengal

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
F. H. Rahman ◽  
D. Ghorai ◽  
S. Sarkar ◽  
S. S. Kundu ◽  
S. Das
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
System Approach ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Integrated Farming ◽  
Convergence Programme

Integration of different enterprises / crop by utilizing farmer’s available resources is one of the best multidisciplinary approaches to boosting farmers’ income from production and economic point of view. In this context, awareness and dissemination of this farming approach are taken as a priority of work with multidisciplinary interventions. One model has been developed on Integrated Farming System Approach in the farmers’ fields on Crop + poultry + fish or Crop + duck + fish in aquatic based production through conducting awareness camp, trainings, trials and demonstrations. This has been developed in the field of one of the farmers namely Shoyeb Hossain, a marginal farmer-cum-rural youth of Jagulipara village in Purba Barddhaman disrict of West Bengal. Although being a rural youth, he has got a pragmatic view towards latest agricultural technologies and he is keen to learn and as such he was chosen for developing the integrated farming system model in his backyard. He owned one pond of 1 bigha with adjoining 1.5 bigha land including bund area. The  pond was mainly used for household purposes like washing with irregular or even no pisciculture while the land area was used for growing seasonal vegetables for meeting  household needs and as a result he was hardly having any meaningful income from the resources. He was extensively trained towards developing the integrated farming system in his backyard which he accomplished with success. To start with he was supplied with tissue cultured banana plantlets, vegetable seedlings, poultry chicks, ducklings and IMC fingerlings. A good banana orchard intercropped with vegetables like chili, tomato, brinjal, turmeric etc. was developed. The model with Crop+ fish + poultry farming has proven more remunerative (Benefit-Cost ratio 2.40) and his earning around Rs. 1,50,000 per annum  from that farm, thus inspiring other farmers to adopt this kind of intervention. Advantageous aspects such as production potentiality, insurance coverage by other crops / enterprise, flow of return motivated farming community as well as district officials. Study on changes in food security indicated that over 4 years there has been augmentation in food security of the respondents. This is due to increase in income owing to adoption of improved technologies and crop diversification. It was revealed that the annual income of the members increased from Rs.15000/-to Rs. 135000in the 4 eastern clusters but that of Galsi cluster ranged between Rs. 10500/- to Rs 82000/-. The income augmentation was positively correlated with the land holding (0.95) size of the respondents. This model has been identified by district MGNREGA and had been taken up in MGNREGA convergence programme which is being replicated in selected 200 ponds recently excavated under the programme in the district. Many workshops have been conducted on the methodologies for these interventions to all the beneficiaries, Self Help Group (SHGs) and officers of line departments involving in the convergence programme of MGNREGA of the district.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Wetland Rice to Extreme Weather

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Dulbari Dulbari ◽  
Edi Santosa ◽  
Eko Sulistyono ◽  
Yonny Koesmaryono
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Canopy Architecture ◽  
Weather Events

Climate change is believed to increase the intensity and the frequency of extreme weather events in reference to strong winds and heavy precipitations. The extreme event is defined as strong wind at speed of 50 km.h-1 and rain fall intensity 10 to 20 mm.h-1 or more .  This condition is detrimental to rice production as this may lead to lodging and flooding which normally occurs during the grain filling stage to harvesting resulting in lower yield and grain quality.  The. Simultaneous extreme events and critical rice growth occured more frequently due to increasing cropping season within a year in Indonesia. Therefore, it is important to mitigate and develop adaptation strategies in order to sustain rice production. Efforts to adapt to these extreme environmental conditions are mostly based on genetics and agro ecological approaches. Genetically, rice with strong hills, high aerodynamic with low water retention is desired. Agro-ecological manipulation is conducted through wind break application, planting arrangement to facilitate better sunshine penetration, to manage water level and planting calendar. Availability of weather station in the field is important to improve mitigation and continuous adaptation strategy against extreme weather events. Keywords: plant canopy architecture, climate change, heavy rainfall, lodging, strong wind

Intensive Integrated Farming System Approach-A Vaccination to Cure Agrarian Crisis in the Punjab

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1a) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
S.S. Walia ◽  
C.S. Aulakh ◽  
R.S. Gill ◽  
Vikrant Dhawan ◽  
Jaspreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
System Approach ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Integrated Farming ◽  
Agrarian Crisis

Problems and Prospectus of Integrated Farming System for Farmers of Uttar Pradesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Singh ◽  
S.P. Singh ◽  
D.V. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Integrated Farming

scholarly journals Gênese, frequência e intensidade das precipitações de granizo nas Mesorregiões Centro Oriental e Sudeste Paranaense, Brasil

GeoTextos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Felipe da Silva Caldana ◽  
Alan Carlos Martelócio
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Event ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Genesis Frequency

A precipitação de granizo, um evento extremo caracterizado por precipitação de água em estado sólido, tem alta capacidade destrutiva nos meios rural e urbano, gerando transtornos e prejuízos frequentes. A Mesorregião Centro Oriental Paranaense (MRCOP) e a Mesorregião Sudeste Paranaense (MRSEP) possuem uma grande área de produção agrícola e aproximadamente 900 mil habitantes, que podem estar vulneráveis a eventos meteorológicos extremos, sendo necessários estudos que auxiliem o planejamento e as tomadas de decisão neste recorte específico. Desta forma, este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar a gênese, a frequência e a intensidade das precipitações de granizo nas Mesorregiões Centro Oriental e Sudeste Paranaense, fornecendo suporte para o planejamento e a adoção de preventivas de combate ao impacto desse fenômeno. Foram utilizadas três fontes distintas de dados: estações agrometeorológicas, imagens de satélite e relatórios de ocorrências, danos e situações de emergência da Defesa Civil. Foram identificados 37 decretos de situação de emergência vinculados a granizo e 372 mil pessoas afetadas nas mesoregiões, em 19 anos de análise. Os sistemas convectivos e as frentes frias foram identificados como os principais sistemas meteorológicos atuantes na formação de granizo nestas mesoregiões. Com ausência de planejamento para redução da vulnerabilidade, a exposição aos eventos extremos meteorológicos permanece frequente. Abstract GENESIS, FREQUENCY AND INTENSITY OF HAIL PRECIPITATION IN THE CENTRAL-WESTERN AND SOUTHEAST OF THE PARANÁ STATE, BRAZIL Hail precipitation, an extreme event characterized by solid state water precipitation, has high destructive capacity in rural and urban environments, generating frequent disturbances and losses. The Central-Western Paraná state Meso-region (MRCOP) and The Southeast Paraná state Meso-region (MRSEP) in southern Brazil has a large agricultural production area and approximately 900 thousand inhabitants, which may be vulnerable to extreme weather events, and studies are needed to assist in decision making in these regions. This work aimed to identify the genesis, frequency and intensity of hail precipitation in The Central-Western Paraná state Meso-region (MRCOP) and The Southeast Paraná state Meso-region (MRSEP), providing support for the planning and adoption of preventive measures to combat the impact of this phenomenon. Three different sources of data were used: agrometeorological stations, satellite images and reports of occurrences, damages and emergency situations issued by the Civil Defense. Thirty-seven emergency decrees related to hail and 372 thousand people affected in the regions were identified in 19 years of analysis. The convective systems and the cold fronts were identified as the main meteorological systems working in the genesis of hail in these regions. In the absence of planning for vulnerability reduction, exposure to extreme weather events remains frequent.

scholarly journals “What’s Up with the Weather?” Public Engagement with Extreme Event Attribution in the UK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Ettinger ◽  
Peter Walton ◽  
James Painter ◽  
Shannon Osaka ◽  
Friederike E.L. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
Climate Change Communication ◽  
Change Communication ◽  
Event Attribution ◽  
The Uk

AbstractThe science of extreme event attribution (EEA) – which connects specific extreme weather events with anthropogenic climate change – could prove useful for engaging the public about climate change. However, there is limited empirical research examining EEA as a climate change communication tool. In order to help fill this gap, we conducted focus groups with members of the UK public to explore benefits and challenges of utilizing EEA results in climate change advocacy messages. Testing a range of verbal and visual approaches for communicating EEA, we found that EEA shows significant promise for climate change communication because of its ability to connect novel, attention-grabbing and event-specific scientific information to personal experiences and observations of extreme events. Communication challenges include adequately capturing nuances around extreme weather risks, vulnerability, adaptation and disaster risk reduction; expressing scientific uncertainty without undermining accessibility of key findings; and difficulties interpreting mathematical aspects of EEA results. Based on our findings, we provide recommendations to help address these challenges when communicating EEA results beyond the climate science community. We conclude that EEA can help catalyze important dialogues about the links between extreme weather and human-driven climate change.

An inventory of extreme events and their impacts: implications for changing risks and climate adaption

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Clarke ◽  
Friederike Otto ◽  
Richard Jones
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Uk

<p>Extreme weather of increasing intensity and frequency is the sharp edge of climate change. Greater understanding of exactly how the risks to people and property from such events are changing is therefore of considerable value to society; it enables the effective allocation of resources for adaption planning and provides a foundation for cost-benefit analysis of mitigation policy. Moreover, the first global stocktake following the Paris Agreement aims to comprehensively detail climate change-related loss and countries’ adaption ambition. Thus there is a clear imperative for greater understanding of the drivers of extreme weather risks.</p><p>To this end, the emerging field of Extreme Event Attribution (EEA) is becoming increasingly able to attribute the specific meteorological conditions (or even the impacts) of an event to human-induced climate change. This provides a tangible, evidence-based bridge between the global phenomenon of climate change and the scales at which people live and decisions are made. However, EEA studies are currently undertaken on an ad-hoc basis, in part due to discrepancies in data availability in different regions but also the lack of comprehensive, coordinated efforts. To provide greater utility to vital policy questions, insights from EEA need to be integrated into a wider system for documenting past events and understanding drivers of change.</p><p>In accordance with this, we propose a standardised framework for recording historical extreme weather events in an inventory structure. In our method, existing hazard-loss databases such as EMDAT provide a basis for event selection and give some basic impact details. Then, additional impact information, as well as detail about the process chain leading from antecedent conditions to impacts (the ‘event narrative’), is researched from a range of academic, government and NGO sources. Finally, existing attribution literature provides the link, or lack thereof, to human climate change. The comprehensive nature of such an inventory will align with the remit of the global stocktaking process, and offers a new and valuable perspective for understanding and adapting to changing risks at both national and sub-national scales.</p><p>To demonstrate the framework, we will here present inventories of past extreme weather events for the UK and the Caribbean in the period 2000-2019. Specifically, we will explore the logic and methodology behind the inventory framework, and use these examples to consider potential applications as well as foreseen drawbacks to the concept.</p>

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