Losses caused by Groundnut ringspot tospovirus in peanut crop in the State of São Paulo

An increased incidence and severity of Orthotospovirus species has been observed in the peanut crop. The typical symptoms of the virus, usually known as ringspot in peanut and spotted wilt in other crops, include mosaic, chlorotic ring-shaped spots, necrosis, and plant stunting. This study aimed to verify the occurrence of this virus in peanut growing areas in the São Paulo State, Brazil, identify the predominant virus species, and determine losses resulting from the presence of this virus. Surveys were carried out in four peanut commercial areas sown in the municipalities of Santa Adélia and Cândido Rodrigues in the 2014/2015 season using the cultivar Granoleico. The following parameters were evaluated: plant stand, number of plants with symptoms, and severity of these symptoms through a scoring scale of visual symptoms. The results showed that the predominant virus species is Groundnut ringspot tospovirus (GRSV). Also, the lower the stand is, the higher the percentage of plants with virus symptoms. The mean incidence of GRSV in commercial peanut areas is 40%, with mean losses estimated at 38% when GRSV is present and 64% when there is the presence of virus and reduction in plant density.

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Inventory and Quantification of Geosites in the State Tourist Park of Alto Ribeira (PETAR, São Paulo State, Brazil)

Geoheritage ◽

10.1007/s12371-018-0331-y ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 783-792 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ana Rita Rodrigues Ferreira ◽

Heros Augusto Santos Lobo ◽

José Alexandre de Jesus Perinotto

Keyword(s):

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

São Paulo ◽

Paulo State ◽

São Paulo State

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Fish, Corumbataí and Jacaré-Pepira river basins, São Paulo State, Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/2.1.57 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 57 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leandro Muller Gomiero ◽

Francisco Manoel de Souza Braga

Keyword(s):

River Basins ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

São Paulo ◽

Human Pressure ◽

Paulo State ◽

São Paulo State

Fish were studied in two river basins (Corumbataí and Jacaré-Pepira) subjected to strong human pressure, in the interior of the State of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. In the Corumbataí basin, four sites were sampled: Cabeça river, Lapa stream, Passa-Cinco river, and Corumbataí river; in the Jacaré-Pepira basin, three sites were sampled: Tamanduá stream, Jacaré-Pepira river, and Água Branca stream. A total of 4,050 specimens belonging to 48 species and 13 families were caught and analyzed.

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The amphibians of São Paulo State, Brazil amphibians of São Paulo

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/s1676-06032009000400020 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 197-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Olívia Gabriela dos Santos Araújo ◽

Luís Felipe Toledo ◽

Paulo Christiano Anchietta Garcia ◽

Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

São Paulo ◽

Future Prospects ◽

Amphibian Species ◽

Paulo State ◽

São Paulo State

The State of São Paulo is one of the most studied regions of Brazil in regard to amphibian species richness and distribution. However, we still do not have a list of species for the State. Therefore, we present here a list including 231 species of amphibians (225 anurans and six caecilians), of which 27 are endemic. We present data about previous and current taxonomists and speculate about future prospects in the study and conservation of amphibian biodiversity in São Paulo State.

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Annotated checklist of the millipede family Chelodesmidae Cook, 1895 from São Paulo state, Brazil (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)

Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia ◽

10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.06 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rodrigo Salvador Bouzan ◽

Luiz Felipe Moretti Iniesta ◽

João Paulo Peixoto Pena-Barbosa ◽

Antonio Domingos Brescovit

Keyword(s):

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

São Paulo ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Paulo State ◽

Incertae Sedis ◽

The Family ◽

Complete Bibliography ◽

Annotated Checklist ◽

First Time

A checklist of the family Chelodesmidae Cook, 1895 (order Polydesmida) from state of São Paulo, Brazil has been performed based on literature and examined material from the collection of the Instituto Butantan, São Paulo (IBSP). A total of 15 genera (7 tribes and 5 genera considered incertae sedis) with 64 species are listed. Among these species, 30 presented a single one record in the state, 19 with more than one record and four recorded for the first time for the state of São Paulo, and 11 species occurring in other Brazilian states. The most distributed species is Brasilodesmus paulistus paulistus (Brölemann, 1902) with 52 records of occurrence. In addition, a complete bibliography list of the chelodesmidan fauna from the state is compiled, as well as distribution maps for all species are provided.

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Protozooplankton and its relationship with environmental conditions in 13 water bodies of the Mogi-Guaçu basin - SP, Brazil

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/s1676-06032013000400016 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 152-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Inessa Lacativa Bagatini ◽

Ana Lúcia Gerardi Spínola ◽

Bianca de Miranda Peres ◽

Adrislaine da Silva Mansano ◽

Mafalda Alexandra Antunes Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Variables ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Bromophenol Blue ◽

São Paulo ◽

Paulo State ◽

Two Samples ◽

São Paulo State ◽

Biological Aspects ◽

The Mean

Protozooplankton is an important component of the aquatic microbial food webs and its composition, density, and distribution reflect the chemical, physical, and biological aspects of the environment. Considering the scarce literature on freshwater protozoans in Brazil and on protozoan ecology in subtropical environments, we listed the ciliates and amoebae taxa found in 13 water bodies in São Paulo State and analyzed their abundance in relation to the environmental variables. We collected two samples in each environment, fixed immediately with mercuric chloride and stained with bromophenol blue. After microscopical analysis, 74 protozoan genera were identified and the Ciliophora were dominant in the majority of the environments. The Stichotrichia, represented mostly by the genus Halteria, occurred in all environments, and was the dominant subclass in five of them. The canonic correspondence analysis of the most frequent genera and the environmental variables showed that nitrite and nitrate were the variables that better explained the distribution of Limnostrombidium, Urotricha, and Vorticella. The densities of the genera Halteria, Coleps, and of the species Cinetochilum margaritaceum were positively affected by increasing concentrations of dissolved oxygen, particulate phosphate, conductivity, and temperature. C. margaritaceum were also negatively affected by increasing concentrations of nitrite and nitrate. Considering that we made only one sampling in each environment, the richness was high compared to the mean diversity of lakes in the São Paulo State. The Diogo Lake, located in an ecological reserve, was the richest one, confirming the need of more research on the biodiversity of more preserved environments.

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Canine rabies epidemiology in Araçatuba and neighborhood, Northwestern São Paulo State - Brazil

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86822004000200005 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 139-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Luzia Helena Queiroz da Silva ◽

César Eduardo Bissoto ◽

Ádna Cleia B. Delbem ◽

Clara Isabel de Lucca Ferrari ◽

Sílvia Helena Venturoli Perri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Canine Rabies ◽

Paulo State ◽

São Paulo State ◽

The Mean ◽

Northwest Region ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

Rabies Diagnosis

Epidemiological characteristics of canine rabies in the northwest region of São Paulo State (Araçatuba region), Brazil, from 1993 to 1997 are presented. Out of 1,984 dogs, a total of 351 (17.7%) were positive for rabies diagnosis; 89% (312/351) of these occurred in urban areas and 85% (266/312) of the urban positive cases were among owned dogs. The mean age of the rabid dogs was 34 months and 61% were male. Aggressive behavior was observed in 77% of rabid dogs, followed by lack of coordination and paralysis (42%) and 48% of these dogs were responsible biting people or other animals. Information about vaccination status was obtained from 182 records and 51% of rabid dogs were non-vaccinated. The number of unvaccinated rabid dogs indicates a low vaccination index and this factor added to the high dog/man ratio must have contributed to the canine rabies epizootic observed in the studied area.

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Root-Knot Disease Caused by Meloidogyne arenaria and M. javanica in Teak in São Paulo State, Brazil

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-05-11-0442 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

pp. 151-151

Author(s):

J. V. de Araújo Filho ◽

A. C. Z. Machado ◽

R. S. C. A. de Faria ◽

L. E. A. Camargo

Keyword(s):

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽

São Paulo ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Lateral Field ◽

First Report ◽

Paulo State ◽

São Paulo State ◽

Esterase Phenotypes

Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. F.) is one of the most important forest crops in Brazil, occupying areas in different regions, such as Goiás, Mato Grosso, Paraná, and São Paulo states. Teak wood is used for many purposes such as shipbuilding, rolling and plywood, firewood, and charcoal. In May 2011, teak symptomatic feeder root samples, exhibiting inconspicuous, small galls, were collected in the municipality of Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil (22°41′46.90″S, 47°38′36.84″W). Specimens were identified through perineal patterns and esterase phenotypes of 20 adult females (1,2). Perineal patterns and esterase phenotypes were consistent with those described for Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949 and M. javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949. Perineal patterns of M. arenaria showed a low dorsal arch, compressed dorsolaterally, with lateral field marked by some forked and broken striae; no punctate markings between anus and tail terminus were observed. Perineal patterns of M. javanica were rounded, with low dorsal arch, striae smooth, lateral field distinct, clearly demarcated from striae by parallel lines. From the esterase electrophoresis we obtained A2 (Rm:1.2;1.3) and J3 (Rm:1.0;1.25;1.4) phenotypes, typical from M. arenaria and M. javanica, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. arenaria parasitizing teak roots in Brazil and elsewhere (new host) and the first report of M. javanica infecting teak in the State of São Paulo. Previously, M. javanica was reported to be infecting teak-growing areas in the State of Mato Grosso (3). This finding has a great importance, not only by the inclusion of these parasites in teak pathological scenario, but also for predicting possible damage in plant species used in teak-based intercropping systems. References: (1) P. R. Esbenshade and A. C. Triantaphyllou. J. Nematol. 22:10, 1990. (2) K. M. Hartman and J. N. Sasser. 1985. Page 115 in: An Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne. Volume II, Methodology. K. R. Barker et al., eds. North Carolina State University Graphics, Raleigh,1985. (3) R. A. Silva et al. Nematol. Bras. 27:261, 2003.

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Spatial and temporal variability of leaf wetness duration in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162008000700006 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 65 (spe) ◽

pp. 26-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Emília Hamada ◽

Raquel Ghini ◽

Jeferson Lobato Fernandes ◽

Mário José Pedro Júnior ◽

Paulo Rossi

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Leaf Wetness ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽

São Paulo ◽

Leaf Wetness Duration ◽

The Mean

One of the main factors influencing the occurrence of plant diseases is the leaf wetness duration (LWD). However, this climatic parameter is not generally and systematically recorded at meteorological stations, and the alternative to obtain an estimate for LWD is the use of mathematical models. The objective of this study was to estimate LWD for the State of São Paulo, on the basis of the number of hours with relative humidity equal to or higher than 90%, and also plot them on a map with help of the Geographical Information System (GIS) tool. Using daily relative humidity data from ten meteorological stations of the State, for six years, adjustment equations were obtained for different LWD periods (hours day-1) (R² from 0.58 to 0.81) and of number of days (ND) per month with LWD for a period equal to or higher than ten consecutive hours (R² from 0.57 to 0.75), both as functions of the mean relative humidity. The mean LWD and the mean ND varied among the different regions of the State and different periods of the year. The smallest estimated values of mean annual LWD and ND were observed for the west region of the State, and the highest values for the coastal region.

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Genomic Surveillance of Yellow Fever Virus Epizootic in São Paulo, Brazil, 2016 – 2018

10.1101/645341 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. C. Hill ◽

R. P. de Souza ◽

J. Thézé ◽

I. Claro ◽

R. S. Aguiar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yellow Fever ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

Fever Virus ◽

São Paulo ◽

Paulo State ◽

Southeast Brazil ◽

São Paulo State ◽

Substantial Heterogeneity

AbstractSão Paulo (SP), a densely inhabited state in southeast Brazil that contains the fourth most populated city in the world, recently experienced its largest yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreak in decades. YFV does not normally circulate extensively in SP, so most people were unvaccinated when the outbreak began. Surveillance in non-human primates (NHPs) is important for determining the magnitude and geographic extent of an epizootic, thereby helping to evaluate the risk of YFV spillover to humans. Data from infected NHPs can give more accurate insights into YFV spread than when using data from human cases alone. To contextualise human cases, identify epizootic foci and uncover the rate and direction of YFV spread in SP, we generated and analysed virus genomic data and epizootic case data from NHP in SP. We report the occurrence of three spatiotemporally distinct phases of the outbreak in SP prior to February 2018. We generated 51 new virus genomes from YFV positive cases identified in 23 different municipalities in SP, mostly sampled from non-human primates between October 2016 and January 2018. Although we observe substantial heterogeneity in lineage dispersal velocities between phylogenetic branches, continuous phylogeographic analyses of generated YFV genomes suggest that YFV lineages spread in São Paulo state at a mean rate of approximately 1km per day during all phases of the outbreak. Viral lineages from the first epizootic phase in northern São Paulo subsequently dispersed towards the south of the state to cause the second and third epizootic phases there. This alters our understanding of how YFV was introduced into the densely populated south of SP state. Our results shed light on the sylvatic transmission of yellow fever in highly fragmented forested regions in SP state and highlight the importance of continued surveillance of zoonotic pathogens in sentinel species.Author’s SummarySince July 2016, the southeast region of Brazil has experienced the largest yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreak in decades. São Paulo is the most densely populated state in southeast Brazil. The outbreak has caused serious public health concern in the state, as YFV does not normally circulate widely there and most of the 21 million inhabitants were correspondingly unvaccinated against YFV when the outbreak began. In Brazil, YFV typically circulates among non-human primates, and human cases represent isolated spillover events from this predominantly sylvatic cycle. Understanding the epidemiological dynamics and spread of YFV in non-human primates is therefore critical for contextualising human cases, and guiding vaccination strategies that can better protect local human populations. Here, we aim to contextualise human cases, identify epizootic foci and uncover the rate and direction of YFV spread in SP. We analyse the geographic and temporal distribution of observed cases of YFV in non-human primates in São Paulo state, and identify three distinct phases of the epizootic. We generate sequence data from 51 YFV-positive cases and perform phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses aimed at understanding the spatial spread of YFV in São Paulo state. Analyses of these data indicate that YFV spread from the north of São Paulo state into more densely populated southern regions. Although we observe substantial heterogeneity in the rate at which different sampled YFV lineages spread, the typical rate of spread was low with a mean rate of ~1 km per day. This is consistent with a scenario in which the majority of transmission events occurred between non-human primates and sylvatic vectors across forested patches.Article Summary LineGenomic surveillance of yellow fever in São Paulo during the 2016-2018 epizootic

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Economic viability of peanut production on leased land in the Jaboticabal region of São Paulo state, Brazil

Revista Agro mbiente On-line ◽

10.18227/1982-8470ragro.v13i0.5342 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 142

Author(s):

David Ferreira Lopes Santos ◽

Bruna Luísa Da Silva ◽

Juliana Borba De Moraes Farinelli ◽

Kandy Horita ◽

Camila Aparecida Fonseca Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Net Present Value ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Economic Viability ◽

São Paulo ◽

Paulo State ◽

Peanut Crop ◽

Sugarcane Crop ◽

São Paulo State ◽

Break Even Point

Peanut cultivation has been used as a rotation crop in sugarcane renewal areas in São Paulo, state, Brazil. This practice guarantees agronomic and economic benefits to the region in a way complementary to the sugarcane crop. Small- and medium-sized rural producers have specialized in the cultivation of peanuts in the of renewal sugarcane areas, with production mainly occurring via a lease contract system. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the economic viability of commercial and productive operations associated with the peanut cultivation in leased areas. From a delimitated production profile modal, it was possible to analyze economic viability by triangulating secondary and primary information for peanut cultivation in Jaboticabal, the city of greatest production of this oil-giving seed in Brazil. Using Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Return on Investment and Point of Equilibrium techniques, it was possible to show that the peanut crop is operationally feasible. However, financial and economic viability only occurred when leases cost equal or less than 50 sacks per hectare and when the producer was able to work with an area equal to or greater than 91 hectares (the break-even point). These results bring new economic information, supplementing that already in literature and provides data necessary for the rural producer to plan of production and size of investment.

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