scholarly journals Overview of the main powertrain architectures for hybrid and electric vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Rafael Garbelini Lorena ◽  
Eduardo Kazumi Yamakawa
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Alternative Solutions

The research for alternative solutions to assist the propulsion, fuel converters and energy storage systems (ESS) in vehicular applications has become the focus of many institutions and mainly in the automotive industry, aiming to reduce the impacts caused by the emission of gases in the exhaust pipe and to improve energy efficiency in the worldwide vehicle fleet. Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and Electric Vehicles (EV) are currently a reality and meet this requirement to build a greener and less polluting society. In this context, this paper describes the operational characteristics of the different powertrain architectures employed in hybrid electric vehicles, including series, parallel and series-parallel topologies, as well as battery-powered and fuel cell electric vehicles. Finally, some of the elementary issues facing these advanced vehicular technologies, including the challenges for market penetration are highlighted.

Market penetration speed and effects on CO2 reduction of electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in Japan

Energy Policy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 529-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuniaki Yabe ◽  
Yukio Shinoda ◽  
Tomomichi Seki ◽  
Hideo Tanaka ◽  
Atsushi Akisawa
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Hybrid Electric

scholarly journals Identification of the Optimal Passenger Car Vehicle Fleet Transition for Mitigating the Cumulative Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions until 2050

Vehicles ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-99
Author(s):  
Benjamin Blat Belmonte ◽  
Arved Esser ◽  
Steffi Weyand ◽  
Georg Franke ◽  
Liselotte Schebek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
Hybrid Electric

We present an optimization model for the passenger car vehicle fleet transition—the time-dependent fleet composition—in Germany until 2050. The goal was to minimize the cumulative greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the vehicle fleet taking into account life-cycle assessment (LCA) data. LCAs provide information on the global warming potential (GWP) of different powertrain concepts. Meta-analyses of batteries, of different fuel types, and of the German energy sector are conducted to support the model. Furthermore, a sensitivity-analysis is performed on four key influence parameters: the battery production emissions trend, the German energy sector trend, the hydrogen production path trend, and the mobility sector trend. Overall, we draw the conclusion that—in any scenario—future vehicles should have a plug-in option, allowing their usage as fully or partly electrical vehicles. For short distance trips, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) with a small battery size are the most reasonable choice throughout the transition. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) powered by compressed natural gas (CNG) emerge as promising long-range capable solution. Starting in 2040, long-range capable BEVs and fuel cell plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (FCPHEVs) have similar life-cycle emissions as PHEV-CNG.

An agent-based model to study market penetration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

Energy Policy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 3789-3802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret J. Eppstein ◽  
David K. Grover ◽  
Jeffrey S. Marshall ◽  
Donna M. Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Impact of Component Sizing in Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles for Energy Resource and Greenhouse Emissions Reduction1

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas A. Malikopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Pareto Frontier ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Widespread use of alternative hybrid powertrains currently appears inevitable and many opportunities for substantial progress remain. The necessity for environmentally friendly vehicles, in conjunction with increasing concerns regarding U.S. dependency on foreign oil and climate change, has led to significant investment in enhancing the propulsion portfolio with new technologies. Recently, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have attracted considerable attention due to their potential to reduce petroleum consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transportation sector. PHEVs are especially appealing for short daily commutes with excessive stop-and-go driving. However, the high costs associated with their components, and in particular, with their energy storage systems have been significant barriers to extensive market penetration of PHEVs. In the research reported here, we investigated the implications of motor/generator and battery size on fuel economy and GHG emissions in a medium duty PHEV. An optimization framework is proposed and applied to two different parallel powertrain configurations, pretransmission and post transmission, to derive the Pareto frontier with respect to motor/generator and battery size. The optimization and modeling approach adopted here facilitates better understanding of the potential benefits from proper selection of motor/generator and battery size on fuel economy and GHG emissions. This understanding can help us identify the appropriate sizing of these components and thus reducing the PHEV cost. Addressing optimal sizing of PHEV components could aim at an extensive market penetration of PHEVs.

EV – Challenges In Going Electric

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umanand L
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Hybrid Electric

This article presents a frank and open opinion on the challenges that will be faced in moving towards an electric mass transport ecosystem. World over there is considerable research activity on electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. There seems to be a global effort to move from an ICE driven ecosystem to electric vehicle ecosystem. There is no simple means to make this transition. This road is filled with hurdles and challenges. This paper poses and discusses these challenges and possible solutions for enabling EVs.

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