scholarly journals Epidemiology of carbon monoxide gas poisoning deaths in Ardabil city, 2008-13

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 929
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Farzaneh ◽  
Farnaz Seraj ◽  
Behzad Valizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Gas Poisoning ◽  
Poisoning Deaths

Study of Carbon Monoxide Intoxication in Fire Victimis

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2932-2935
Author(s):  
Sofia David ◽  
Anton Knieling ◽  
Calin Scripcaru ◽  
Madalina Diac ◽  
Ion Sandu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Intoxication ◽  
Gas Poisoning ◽  
The World ◽  
Fire Victims ◽  
In Fire

Carbon monoxide poisoning is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity of toxic origin in the world. Its insidious and polymorphic symptomatology makes it difficult to diagnose. It occurs accidentally, because of non-supervised domestic fires, or in fire victims. In fire victims, in particular, the differential diagnosis between carbon monoxide gas poisoning, inhalation of other toxic products of combustion like cyanide, oxygen deprivation, thermal burns and shock due to burns as a cause of death is not an easy task. The authors examined 107 fire victims that were autopsied at the Forensic Medicine from Iasi, Romania, in the last 10 years (2007-2016). Most cases were males (69.16%), young (0-9 years) or older than 60 with a burned surface of 91-100% in 68.22% of cases. Blood samples from the cadavers were collected in all cases in order to analyse carboxyhaemoglobin concentration and haemolysis. Toxicological analysis revealed a carboxyhaemoglobin level of maximum 95% but the majority of cases (70.72%) had a concentration inferior to 50%. An inverse correlation was identified between carboxyhaemoglobin concentration and haemolysis, an indicator of heat dissociation. Our study proves that many fire victims may die because of carbon monoxide intoxication prior to the extent of burns at a lethal potential.

Toxic Gases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie T Weiss ◽  
Kathryn W Weibrecht
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Normobaric Oxygen ◽  
Levels Of Care ◽  
Cyanide Antidote ◽  
Gas Poisoning ◽  
Toxic Gas

This review looks at the potential causes, diagnoses, and possible treatments for three asphyxiant gases: carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and hydrogen sulfide, Exposure to these gases can lead to central nervous system depression, unconsciousness, and death due to tissue hypoxia. These gases are among the most common causes of fatalities related to toxic gas poisoning, with carbon monoxide responsible for 36% and hydrogen sulfide 7.7%. It is necessary to remove victims affected by poisoning immediately from the source of the toxic gas, administer oxygen, and assess their stability. As symptoms of these gases can differ widely, ranging from broad and unspecific to highly morbid, and may require different levels of care, the correct diagnosis should also rely on inferences from the patient history and the context of the admission, including evidence of fire and chemical reactions. Normobaric oxygen and hyperbaric oxygen are the two main treatments for carbon monoxide, although studies have been inconclusive in regards to the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen. The Cyanokit (containing hydroxocobalamin) is considered to be more effective for hydrogen cyanide when compared with the Cyanide Antidote Kit due to the former’s low toxicity and high effectiveness. Hydrogen sulfide is often used as a suicide agent, the mortality of which is close to 100%. Figures show the mechanisms by which the asphyxiant gases carry out their negative effects on the human body. Tables show the half-life of carboxyhemoglobin with oxygen therapy and a comparison between the Cyanide Antidote Kit and the Cyanokit. This review contains 3 figures, 13 tables, and 44 references.  Keywords: Inhalation, poisoning, carbon monoxide, cyanide, methemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, hydrogen sulfide, smoke

Toxic Gases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie T Weiss ◽  
Kathryn W Weibrecht
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Normobaric Oxygen ◽  
Levels Of Care ◽  
Cyanide Antidote ◽  
Gas Poisoning ◽  
Toxic Gas

This review looks at the potential causes, diagnoses, and possible treatments for three asphyxiant gases: carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and hydrogen sulfide, Exposure to these gases can lead to central nervous system depression, unconsciousness, and death due to tissue hypoxia. These gases are among the most common causes of fatalities related to toxic gas poisoning, with carbon monoxide responsible for 36% and hydrogen sulfide 7.7%. It is necessary to remove victims affected by poisoning immediately from the source of the toxic gas, administer oxygen, and assess their stability. As symptoms of these gases can differ widely, ranging from broad and unspecific to highly morbid, and may require different levels of care, the correct diagnosis should also rely on inferences from the patient history and the context of the admission, including evidence of fire and chemical reactions. Normobaric oxygen and hyperbaric oxygen are the two main treatments for carbon monoxide, although studies have been inconclusive in regards to the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen. The Cyanokit (containing hydroxocobalamin) is considered to be more effective for hydrogen cyanide when compared with the Cyanide Antidote Kit due to the former’s low toxicity and high effectiveness. Hydrogen sulfide is often used as a suicide agent, the mortality of which is close to 100%. Figures show the mechanisms by which the asphyxiant gases carry out their negative effects on the human body. Tables show the half-life of carboxyhemoglobin with oxygen therapy and a comparison between the Cyanide Antidote Kit and the Cyanokit. This review contains 3 figures, 13 tables, and 44 references.  Keywords: Inhalation, poisoning, carbon monoxide, cyanide, methemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, hydrogen sulfide, smoke

scholarly journals Carbon monoxide poisoning deaths in Shanghai, China: A 10-year epidemiological and comparative study with the Wuhan sample

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1137131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuesong Lu ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Heng Choon (Oliver) Chan ◽  
Haipeng Jia ◽  
Jianyu Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Poisoning Deaths

Parieto-Occipital Syndrome Following Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

1950 ◽  
Vol 96 (405) ◽  
pp. 1015-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. F. Steele ◽  
A. B. Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Organic Psychosis ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Gas Poisoning ◽  
Suicidal Attempts ◽  
Permanent Brain Damage

Suicidal attempts by coal-gas poisoning are very common. Carbon monoxide is a principal constituent of this gas, and can produce severe and permanent brain damage. It is surprising, therefore, to find so few cases of chronic organic psychosis attributed to this cause in mental hospital practice. Rosseter (1928) found only one example of permanent psychosis in 2,000 cases of carbon monoxide asphyxiation. Shillito, Drinker and Shaughnessy (1936) made a follow-up study of 21,000 cases of acute carbon monoxide poisoning. In only 43 of these were the after-effects sufficiently severe to warrant their admission to a mental hospital. Twenty-three subsequently recovered, 11 died, and 9 suffered permanent nervous and mental sequelae. They found that the ratio of psychosis following carbon monoxide poisoning to other psychoses was 1 in 2,000. Henderson and Gillespie (1944) could find only one such case in 5,000 consecutive admissions.

scholarly journals The kinetics of hœmoglobin IV- General methods and theoretical basis for the reactions with carbon monoxide

1934 ◽  
Vol 115 (795) ◽  
pp. 451-464 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Gas Poisoning ◽  
Classical Paper ◽  
Cool Gas ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Kinetics Of

Some years ago, Hartridge and Roughton published four papers (1923-1927) upon the kinetics of the rapid reactions between oxygen and hæmoglobin. Following on this work an investigation has been made of the corresponding reactions between carbon monoxide and hæmoglobin, and also of the reactions in which carbon monoxide and oxygen both compete for union with hæmoglobin. According to the classical paper of Douglas, Haldane and Haldane (1912) the hæmoglobin-carbon monoxide reactions should only differ from the hæmoglobin-oxygen reactions in the numerical value of the mass action constants. It was therefore expected that the kinetic study of these sister reactions would contribute towards a fuller understanding of these sister reactions would contribute towards a fuller understanding of the reactions between oxygen and hæmoglobin. Furthermore, a knowledge of rates of the carbon monoxide reactions is of service, not only in working out the factors involved in the passage of O 2 into the red blood corpuscle (Roughton, 1932), but also in interpreting the measurements of the carbon monoxide as a "physiological reagent," e. g. , determination of blood volume and distribution, indirect measurement of O 2 pressure in arterial blood, cool gas poisoning, etc. Lastly, the similarity between the kinetics of the reactions of O 2 and CO with hæmoglobin and the kinetics of numerous enzyme processes, as set forth especially by J. B. S. Haldane in his recent book (1930), makes this problem well worth working out from the viewpoint of enzyme chemistry.

scholarly journals Design and development of an automatic gas poisoning prevention and ventilation system

2018 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 00010
Author(s):  
Ho-Chih Cheng ◽  
Min-Chie Chiu ◽  
Che-Min Chiu ◽  
Cheng-Ying Yang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Gas Poisoning ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Sensors ◽  
Prevention System ◽  
Image Monitoring ◽  
Poisoning Prevention

As both carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) exit during a fire, they are obvious indicators for the need to be alert to the possibility of fire. Another problem concerning poisoning by carbon monoxide (CO) is asphyxiation that occurs in houses during winter. The development of an automatic gas poisoning prevention system in conjunction with a ventilation function using carbon monoxide/carbon dioxide sensors would prove beneficial, necessary. As presented here, this system includes two gas sensors, an alarm, a ventilation device, a motor, and a rain-protection louver. The louver is manipulated by a motor. Two thresholds of gas concentration are preset inside the microcontroller via a PC. The louver is opened by the motor as the first threshold of gas is reached. Additionally, an alarm system is triggered and the ventilation fan starts up if the second threshold of gas concentration is reached. Consequently, image-monitoring via the PC is established using an IPCAM.

The electrocardiographic changes found in 22 cases of carbon monoxide (illuminating gas) poisoning

1938 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Stearns ◽  
Cecil K. Drinker ◽  
Thomas J. Shaughnessy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Gas Poisoning ◽  
Electrocardiographic Changes
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