This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of Emergency Medicine encompasses toxicology in the emergency department (ED). It examines poisons in general, including diagnosis, supportive care, reducing absorption, and antidotes. Specific poisoning is explored in detail, through opioid, salicylate, paracetamol, tricyclic antidepressant, benzodiazepine, clomethiazole, phenothiazine, barbiturate, lithium, sulfonylurea, beta-blocker, calcium channel antagonist, digoxin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, theophylline, salbutamol, iron, ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol, paraquat, petrol, paraffin, organophosphate, cyanide, carbon monoxide, chlorine, and CS gas (tear gas) poisoning. Chemical incidents are discussed, as well as accidental poisoning from plants, berries, mushrooms, and button batteries. It also examines novel psychoactive substances (NPS), recreational drugs, serotonin syndrome, and body packers.