Implications of cumulated seismic damage on the seismic performance of unreinforced masonry buildings

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaryllis Mouyiannou ◽  
Andrea Penna ◽  
Maria Rota ◽  
Francesco Graziotti ◽  
Guido Magenes
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamic ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Dynamic Analyses ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic Analyses

The seismic capacity of a structure is a function of the characteristics of the system as well as of its state, which is mainly affected by previous damage and deterioration. The cumulative damage from repeated shocks (for example during a seismic sequence or due to multiple events affecting an unrepaired building stock) affects the vulnerability of masonry buildings for subsequent events. This paper proposes an analytical methodology for the derivation of state-dependent fragility curves, taking into account cumulated seismic damage, whilst neglecting possible ageing effects. The methodology is based on nonlinear dynamic analyses of an equivalent single degree of freedom system, properly calibrated to reproduce the static and dynamic behaviour of the structure. An application of the proposed methodology to an unreinforced masonry case study building is also presented. The effect of cumulated damage on the seismic response of this prototype masonry building is further studied by means of nonlinear dynamic analyses with the accelerograms recorded during a real earthquake sequence that occurred in Canterbury (New Zealand) between 2010 and 2012.

scholarly journals Fragility curves for Italian URM buildings based on a hybrid method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sandoli ◽  
G. P. Lignola ◽  
B. Calderoni ◽  
A. Prota
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Ultimate Limit State ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Seismic Behaviour ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Damage Scenario

AbstractA hybrid seismic fragility model for territorial-scale seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings is developed and presented in this paper. The method combines expert-judgment and mechanical approaches to derive typological fragility curves for Italian residential masonry building stock. The first classifies Italian masonry buildings in five different typological classes as function of age of construction, structural typology, and seismic behaviour and damaging of buildings observed following the most severe earthquakes occurred in Italy. The second, based on numerical analyses results conducted on building prototypes, provides all the parameters necessary for developing fragility functions. Peak-Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Ultimate Limit State attainable by each building’s class has been chosen as an Intensity Measure to represent fragility curves: three types of curve have been developed, each referred to mean, maximum and minimum value of PGAs defined for each building class. To represent the expected damage scenario for increasing earthquake intensities, a correlation between PGAs and Mercalli-Cancani-Sieber macroseismic intensity scale has been used and the corresponding fragility curves developed. Results show that the proposed building’s classes are representative of the Italian masonry building stock and that fragility curves are effective for predicting both seismic vulnerability and expected damage scenarios for seismic-prone areas. Finally, the fragility curves have been compared with empirical curves obtained through a macroseismic approach on Italian masonry buildings available in literature, underlining the differences between the methods.

Numerical Investigations on the Seismic Response of Masonry Building Aggregates

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 715-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Senaldi ◽  
Guido Magenes ◽  
Andrea Penna
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Response ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Numerical Investigations ◽  
Dynamic Analyses ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic Analyses ◽  
Building Aggregates

The work focuses on the analysis of the seismic response of masonry building aggregates for a better understanding of the vulnerability of single structural units and of their behaviour within the aggregates. Idealized representative models are developed based on the typical characteristics of the row conglomeration typology. The seismic response of the models is evaluated and discussed by means of nonlinear dynamic analyses.

scholarly journals Fragility Curves for Italian Urm Buildings Based on a Hybrid Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Sandoli ◽  
Gian Piero Lignola ◽  
Bruno Calderoni ◽  
Andrea Prota
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Ultimate Limit State ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Seismic Behaviour ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Damage Scenario

Abstract A hybrid seismic fragility model for territorial-scale seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings is developed and presented in this paper. The method combines expert-judgment and mechanical approaches to derive typological fragility curves for Italian residential masonry building stock. The first classifies Italian masonry buildings in five different typological classes as function of age of construction, structural typology, and seismic behaviour and damaging of buildings observed following the most severe earthquakes occurred in Italy. The second, based on numerical analyses results conducted on building prototypes, provides all the parameters necessary for developing fragility functions.Peak-Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Ultimate Limit State attainable by each building’s class has been chosen as an Intensity Measure (IM) to represent fragility curves: three types of curve have been developed, each referred to mean, maximum and minim value of PGAs defined for each buildings class.To represent the expected damage scenario for increasing earthquake intensities, a correlation between PGAs and Mercalli-Cancani-Sieber (MCS) macroseismic intensity scale has been used and the corresponding fragility curves developed.Results show that the proposed building’s classes are representative of the Italian masonry building stock and that fragility curves are effective for predicting both seismic vulnerability and expected damage scenarios for seismic-prone areas. Finally, the fragility curves have been compared with empirical curves obtained through a macroseismic approach on Italian masonry buildings available in literature, underlining the differences between the methods.

scholarly journals Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Masonry Buildings and Definition of Seismic Damage States

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Kappos ◽  
V.K. Papanikolaou
Keyword(s):  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Pushover Analysis ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Nonlinear Behaviour ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Damage States ◽  
Diaphragm Action

A large part of the building stock in seismic-prone areas worldwide are masonry structures that have been designed without seismic design considerations. Proper seismic assessment of such structures is quite a challenge, particularly so if their response well into the inelastic range, up to local or global failure, has to be predicted, as typically required in fragility analysis. A critical issue in this respect is the absence of rigid diaphragm action (due to the presence of relatively flexible floors), which renders particularly cumbersome the application of popular and convenient nonlinear analysis methods like the static pushover analysis. These issues are addressed in this paper that focusses on a masonry building representative of Southern European practice, which is analysed in both its pristine condition and after applying retrofitting schemes typical of those implemented in pre-earthquake strengthening programmes. Nonlinear behaviour is evaluated using dynamic response-history analysis, which is found to be more effective and even easier to apply in this type of building wherein critical modes are of a local nature, due to the absence of diaphragm action. Fragility curves are then derived for both the initial and the strengthened building, exploring alternative definitions of seismic damage states, including some proposals originating from recent international research programmes.

scholarly journals Integrated Seismic and Energy Retrofit Interventions on a URM Masonry Building: The Case Study of the Former Courthouse in Fabriano

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9592
Author(s):  
Amedeo Caprino ◽  
Filippo Lorenzoni ◽  
Laura Carnieletto ◽  
Leonardo Feletto ◽  
Michele De Carli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Energy Retrofit ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks

Following the 2016 central Italy earthquakes, the high seismic vulnerability of existing buildings is once again at the center of the debate. Indeed, the majority of the Italian building stock (around 60%) was built before adopting the first seismic provisions (1974) and in a territory entirely characterized by medium to high levels of seismic hazard. On the other hand, the first provisions addressing thermal performance criteria were introduced in 1976 but with limited impact. A consistent reduction in energy consumption was further achieved in 1991, when even more buildings were erected. As a consequence, the Italian building stock is characterized by reduced seismic capacity and poor energy efficiency and, to optimize the available resources, combined retrofit interventions approaches are required. In this context, a synergic strategy for the seismic and energy retrofit of a unreinforced masonry (URM) building was proposed. The former Courthouse in Fabriano (Ancona, Marche), a strategic, three-story, unreinforced masonry building in the network of permanent monitoring systems of the Italian Department of Civil Protection, was selected as a case study. The overall effectiveness of various solutions of combined structural refurbishment and energy retrofit interventions, having different levels of invasiveness on the building, was assessed. In addition, a common methodology based on the expected annual losses allowed evaluating the financial feasibility of the proposed integrated interventions and estimating the changes in the return of the retrofitting investment in various seismic and climate zones. The results also show how the payback period could be significantly reduced by incentives and regulatory frameworks that currently favour the execution of integrated interventions.

Investigation and Analysis on Seismic Damage of Masonry Buildings Subjected to Wenchuan Ms=8.0 Earthquake

2010 ◽  
Vol 452-453 ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Fu Chen ◽  
Bai Tao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Seismic Design Code ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wenchuan Ms 8.0 Earthquake

During Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake, masonry buildings have suffered severely damaged and collapsed, causing heavy casualties and huge economic losses. In this paper, based on seismic site survey data, some new phenomena and characteristics of earthquake damage in comparison with the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, such as seismic damage of large space buildings, inclined or “X” shaped crack in wall between windows or spandrel wall, stair damage, falling of precast reinforced concrete slab and horizontal crack at the bottom of structure, are discussed in detail. Then, the impact factors of seismic capacity of masonry building in Wenchuan earthquake, including construction age, seismic fortification, bay size, floor (roof) form, layer number, thickness of bearing wall are analyzed, respectively; Finally, some recommendations on seismic design and reconstruction of masonry structure by the seismic design code are proposed.

scholarly journals Seismic vulnerability of traditional masonry building a case study of Byasi, Bhaktapur

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Shyam Sundar Basukala ◽  
Prem Nath Maskey
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Time History ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Rapid Visual Screening ◽  
Visual Screening

Historic buildings of Nepal are mainly constructed from masonry structure. Since masonry structures are weak in tension which leads to the failure of structure. So, to avoid possible damage in environment lives and property it is urgent to conduct vulnerability assessments. Seismic vulnerability of historic masonry buildings constructed in Bhaktapur at Byasi area is carried out for the case study. Five load bearing masonry buildings were selected out of 147 buildings considering opening percentage, storey and type of floor for modeling in SAP 2000 V10 Various methods of rapid visual screening (FEMA 154, EMS 98) are used to determine the vulnerability of the selected building. The Selected Building response is carried out by linear time history analysis. The seismic vulnerability of masonry structures is determined in terms of fragility curves which represent the probability of failure or damage due to various levels of strong ground motions for different damage state slight, moderate, extensive and collapse. From the result of Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) and Fragility curves of the buildings it is found that whole, buildings are found vulnerable from future earthquake.

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