Comparative Analysis of Proanthocyanidin Metabolism and Genes Regulatory Network in Fresh Leaves of Two Different Ecotypes of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg is a rare and wild medicinal resource. Metabolites, especially secondary metabolites, have an important influence on T. hemsleyanum adaptability and its medicinal quality. The metabolite proanthocyanidin (PA) is a polyphenol compound widely distributed in land plants, which can be used as antioxidants and anticancer agents. Here, we discovered that three types of PA accumulated in large amounts in purple leaves (PL), but not in green leaves (RG), based on widely non-targeted metabolomics. In addition, we further found that catechins and their derivatives, which are the structural units of PA, are also enriched in PL. Afterwards, we screened and obtained five key genes, DNR1/2, ANS, ANR and LAR closely related to PA biosynthesis through transcriptome analysis and found they were all highly expressed in PL compared to RG. Therefore, observed the regulatory relationship between the main compounds and genes network, and the PA metabolism regulatory pathway was complicated, which may be different to other species.

Subsurface Oxygen Defects Electronically Interacting with Active Sites on In2O3 for Enhanced Photothermocatalytic CO2 Reduction

Oxygen defects play an important role in many catalytic reactions. Increasing surface oxygen defects can be done through reduction treatment. However, excessive reduction blocks electron channels and deactivates the catalyst surface due to electron-trapped effects by subsurface oxygen defects. How to effectively extract electrons from subsurface oxygen defects which cannot directly interact with reactants is challenging and remains elusive. Herein, we report a metallic In-embedded In2O3 nanoflake catalyst over which the turnover frequency of CO2 reduction into CO increases by a factor of 866 (7615 h-1) and 376 (2990 h-1) at same light intensity and reaction temperature, respectively, compared to In2O3. Under electron-delocalization effect of O-In-(O)Vo-In-In structural units at the interface, the electrons in the subsurface oxygen defects are extracted and gather at surface active sites. This improves the electronic coupling with CO2 and stabilizes COOH intermediate. The study opens up new insights for exquisite electronic manipulation of oxygen defects.

Structural organization criminal law regulations of chapter 22 of the criminal code of the Russian Federation from the standpoint of legislative textology

The article attempts to identify and provide solutions to a number of problems related to the design features of the criminal law prescriptions of Chapter 22 of the criminal code of the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of this scientific publication is the dialectical method of cognition, taken in unity with instrumental research methods. As a result of the study, the author came to the conclusion that in the text of Chapter 22 of the criminal code of the Russian Federation, it is possible to distinguish structural units, which include the headings of articles, descriptive and thematic elements of criminal law regulations, their compositional and graphic features and notes to articles.

STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF SCREW CONVEYOR DRIVE

The present paper deals with research of strength characteristics in manufacturing engineering. The introduction of the work describes findings about the importance of the given subject. The publication is divided into two basic parts, namely the theoretical and the practical part. The theoretical part provides a detailed description of theoretical assumptions on solutions in the field of research, and it also describes optimization of structural units in manufacturing engineering, while the practical part analyses strength characteristics of the selected structural unit which is the drive of a manufacturing machine. The conclusion of the work presents the obtained results.

Single-Molecule/Cell Analyses Reveal Principles of Genome-Folding Mechanisms in the Three Domains of Life

Comparative structural/molecular biology by single-molecule analyses combined with single-cell dissection, mass spectroscopy, and biochemical reconstitution have been powerful tools for elucidating the mechanisms underlying genome DNA folding. All genomes in the three domains of life undergo stepwise folding from DNA to 30–40 nm fibers. Major protein players are histone (Eukarya and Archaea), Alba (Archaea), and HU (Bacteria) for fundamental structural units of the genome. In Euryarchaeota, a major archaeal phylum, either histone or HTa (the bacterial HU homolog) were found to wrap DNA. This finding divides archaea into two groups: those that use DNA-wrapping as the fundamental step in genome folding and those that do not. Archaeal transcription factor-like protein TrmBL2 has been suggested to be involved in genome folding and repression of horizontally acquired genes, similar to bacterial H-NS protein. Evolutionarily divergent SMC proteins contribute to the establishment of higher-order structures. Recent results are presented, including the use of Hi-C technology to reveal that archaeal SMC proteins are involved in higher-order genome folding, and the use of single-molecule tracking to reveal the detailed functions of bacterial and eukaryotic SMC proteins. Here, we highlight the similarities and differences in the DNA-folding mechanisms in the three domains of life.

Bias deployable grids with horizontal compound scissor-like elements: A geometric study of the folding/deployment process

Bias deployable structural units are two-way structures arranged in a rotational pattern with respect to the edges. They have interesting advantages such as robust three-dimensional operation with supports around their entire base perimeter and the exclusive use of load-bearing scissor-like elements (SLEs). However, they do not have edge trims and their resistance to angular distortion is limited. This article proposes a series of deployable bi-stable structures that address these problems and incorporate new, resilient features. A method of analysing the incompatibilities of the structural unit is developed based solely on the geometric study of the deployment process, which allows the level of incompatibility of the proposal to be graduated, varying from stress-free structures to bi-stable structures. A kinematic model of one of the proposals allows the research undertaken to be contrasted.

Energetic Co-Crystal of a Primary Metal-Free Explosive with BTF. Ideal Pair for Co-Crystallization

Co-crystallization is an elegant technique to tune the physical properties of crystalline solids. In the field of energetic materials, co-crystallization is currently playing an important role in the engineering of crystals with improved performance. Here, based on an analysis of the structural features of the green primary explosive, tetramethylammonium salt of 7-oxo-5-(trinitromethyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrotetrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-ide (1), a co-former such as the powerful secondary explosive, benzotrifuroxan (BTF, 2), has been proposed to improve it. Compared to the original 1, its co-crystal with BTF has a higher detonation pressure and velocity, as well as an initiating ability, while the impact sensitivity and thermal stability remained at about the same level. Both co-formers, 1 and 2, and co-crystal 3 were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and their crystal packing was analyzed in detail by the set of approaches, including periodic calculations. In the co-crystal 3, all intermolecular interactions were significantly redistributed. However, no new types of intermolecular interactions were formed during co-crystallization. Moreover, the interaction energies of structural units in crystals before and after co-crystallization were approximately the same. A similar trend was observed for the volumes occupied by structural units and their densifications. The similar nature of the organization of the crystals of the co-formers and the co-crystal gives grounds to assert that the selected co-formers are an ideal pair for co-crystallization, and the invariability of the organization of the crystals was probably responsible for the preservation of some of their properties.

Circuit Topology for Bottom-Up Engineering of Molecular Knots

The art of tying knots is exploited in nature and occurs in multiple applications ranging from being an essential part of scouting programs to engineering molecular knots. Biomolecular knots, such as knotted proteins, bear various cellular functions, and their entanglement is believed to provide them with thermal and kinetic stability. Yet, little is known about the design principles of naturally evolved molecular knots. Intra-chain contacts and chain entanglement contribute to the folding of knotted proteins. Circuit topology, a theory that describes intra-chain contacts, was recently generalized to account for chain entanglement. This generalization is unique to circuit topology and not motivated by other theories. In this conceptual paper, we systematically analyze the circuit topology approach to a description of linear chain entanglement. We utilize a bottom-up approach, i.e., we express entanglement by a set of four fundamental structural units subjected to three (or five) binary topological operations. All knots found in proteins form a well-defined, distinct group which naturally appears if expressed in terms of these basic structural units. We believe that such a detailed, bottom-up understanding of the structure of molecular knots should be beneficial for molecular engineering.

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A NEW MODEL OF A MEDICAL ORGANIZATION PROVIDING PRIMARY HEALTH CARE IN CHILDREN'S STRUCTURAL UNITS

Вопросы улучшения оказания первичной медико-санитарной помощи детскому населению всегда выступали в качестве приоритетных при оптимизации деятельности службы охраны материнства и детства и вызывали особое внимание организаторов здравоохранения. Одним из значимых решений по повышению качества оказания медико-санитарной помощи, в том числе и детям, является проект по реализации «Новой модели медицинской организации, оказывающей первичную медико-санитарную помощь» в детских структурных подразделениях. Одной из основных задач педиатрической службы Воронежской области является реализация мероприятий региональной программы «Развитие детского здравоохранения Воронежской области, включая создание современной инфраструктуры оказания медицинской помощи детям», которой предусмотрено достижение целевых показателей и выполнение определённых задач. В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы организации деятельности педиатрической службы Воронежской области в плане реализации новой модели медицинской организации, оказывающей первичную медико-санитарную помощь в детских структурных подразделениях. Определяются направления развития детского здравоохранения, включая создание современной инфраструктуры оказания медицинской помощи детям. Приводятся данные по достижению в детских поликлиниках и детских поликлинических отделениях Воронежской области организационно-планировочных решений внутренних пространств, создание условий для внедрения принципов бережливого производства и комфортного пребывания детей и их родителей при оказании первичной медико-санитарной помощи, с акцентом на воплощении идей оптимизации первичной медико-санитарной помощи путем использования принципов и методов бережливого производства в части реализации регионального проекта «Развитие системы оказания первичной медико-санитарной помощи» Нацпроекта «Здравоохранение» в рамках создания и тиражирования «Новой модели медицинской организации, оказывающей первичную медико-санитарную помощь» The issues of improving the provision of primary health care to the children's population have always been a priority in optimizing the activities of the maternal and child health care service and have caused special attention of health care organizers. One of the significant decisions to improve the quality of health care, including for children, is the project to implement the "New model of a medical organization providing primary health care" in children's structural units. One of the main tasks of the pediatric service of the Voronezh region is the implementation of the activities of the regional program "Development of children's health care of the Voronezh region, including the creation of a modern infrastructure for the provision of medical care to children", which provides for the achievement of targets and the implementation of certain tasks. The article deals with the organization of the activities of the pediatric service of the Voronezh region in terms of implementing a new model of a medical organization that provides primary health care in children's structural units. The directions of development of children's health care, including the creation of a modern infrastructure for the provision of medical care to children, are determined. The data on the achievement in children's polyclinics and children's polyclinic departments of the Voronezh region of organizational and planning solutions of internal spaces, the creation of conditions for the introduction of the principles of lean production and a comfortable stay of children and their parents in the provision of primary health care, with an emphasis on the implementation of ideas for optimizing primary health care through the use of principles and methods of lean production in terms of implementation regional project "Development of the system of primary health care" of the National Project "Healthcare" in the framework of the creation and replication of the "New model of a medical organization providing primary health care"