scholarly journals Ciudadanía, políticos y expertos en la toma de decisiones políticas: la percepción de las cualidades de los actores políticos importan / Citizens, Politicians and Experts in Political Decision-Making: The Importance of Perceptions of the Qualities of Political Actors

2016 ◽  
pp. 83-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián del Río ◽  
Clemente J. Navarro ◽  
Joan Font
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Political Decision Making

Political Agenda Setting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Maurer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
News Media ◽  
Agenda Setting ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Media Agenda ◽  
Political Decision Making

Political agenda setting is the part of agenda-setting research that refers to the influence of the media agenda on the agenda of political actors. More precisely, the central question of political agenda-setting research is whether political actors adopt the issue agenda of the news media in various aspects ranging from communicating about issues that are prominently discussed in the news media to prioritizing issues from the news media agenda in political decision making. Although such effects have been studied under different labels (agenda building, policy agenda setting) for several decades, research in this field has recently increased significantly based on a new theoretical model introducing the term political agenda setting. Studies based on that model usually find effects of media coverage on the attention political actors pay to various issues, but at the same time point to a number of contingent conditions. First, as found in research on public agenda setting, there is an influence of characteristics of news media (e.g., television news vs. print media) and issues (e.g., obtrusive vs. unobtrusive issues). Second, there is an influence of characteristics of the political context (e.g., government vs. oppositional parties) and characteristics of individual politicians (e.g., generalists vs. specialists). Third, the findings of studies on the political agenda-setting effect differ, depending on which aspects of the political agenda are under examination (e.g., social media messages vs. political decision making).

Agent-Based Modeling in Political Decision Making

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Qiu ◽  
Riyang Phang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Political Decision Making

Political systems involve citizens, voters, politicians, parties, legislatures, and governments. These political actors interact with each other and dynamically alter their strategies according to the results of their interactions. A major challenge in political science is to understand the dynamic interactions between political actors and extrapolate from the process of individual political decision making to collective outcomes. Agent-based modeling (ABM) offers a means to comprehend and theorize the nonlinear, recursive, and interactive political process. It views political systems as complex, self-organizing, self-reproducing, and adaptive systems consisting of large numbers of heterogeneous agents that follow a set of rules governing their interactions. It allows the specification of agent properties and rules governing agent interactions in a simulation to observe how micro-level processes generate macro-level phenomena. It forces researchers to make assumptions surrounding a theory explicit, facilitates the discovery of extensions and boundary conditions of the modeled theory through what-if computational experiments, and helps researchers understand dynamic processes in the real-world. ABM models have been built to address critical questions in political decision making, including why voter turnouts remain high, how party coalitions form, how voters’ knowledge and emotion affect election outcomes, and how political attitudes change through a campaign. These models illustrate the use of ABM in explicating assumptions and rules of theoretical frameworks, simulating repeated execution of these rules, and revealing emergent patterns and their boundary conditions. While ABM has limitations in external validity and robustness, it provides political scientists a bottom-up approach to study a complex system by clearly defining the behavior of various actors and generate theoretical insights on political phenomena.

scholarly journals Dos cuestiones clave en la regulación jurídica de los partidos políticos: financiación y democracia interna = Two Key Issues in the legal Regulation of political Parties: Financing and internal Democracy

2015 ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Martin Morlok
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Political Decision Making

Political parties are an essential element for the correct functioning of a democratic state. Through them, citizens may express their interests and beliefs, but also participate in political decision-making. For these reasons, in order to ensure that the parties comply with theis duties, it is necessary the existence of its regulation, specifically of two of its most problematic areas: its financing and its internal democracy. This paper focuses on these two aspects starting from the idea that the democratic process is a competitive process and that in any democratic process, all citizens should have equal opportunities to express their beliefs and interests in the political field. To achieve this goal it is necessary, on the one hand regulate the financial system of political parties, which ultimately will determine the resources of the parties and their chance of success; and on the other hand, it is necessary regulate the process of decision-making within the same party, as this will be a mechanism that may reach to concrete the subjects who will occupy positions of political decision-making positions.Los partidos políticos constituyen un elemento indispensable para el correcto funcionamiento de un Estado democrático. A través de ellos, los ciudadanos expresan sus intereses y creencias, pero también participan en la toma de decisiones políticas. Por estos motivos, con el fin de garantizar que los partidos cumplan con sus funciones, se hace necesaria la existencia de una regulación de los mismos, concretamente de dos de sus ámbitos más problemáticos: su financiación y la democracia interna. Este trabajo se centra en estos dos aspectos partiendo de la idea de que el proceso democrático es un proceso competitivo y de que en todo proceso democrático, todos los ciudadanos deberían tener las mismas oportunidades para expresar sus creencias e intereses en el terreno político. Para conseguir este objetivo se hace necesario, por un lado regular el sistema financiero de los partidos políticos, que en último término, determinará los recursos de los partidos y su posibilidad de éxito; y, por otro lado, se hace necesario regular el proceso de toma de decisiones dentro del mismo partido, pues será este un mecanismo que podrá a llegar a concretar los sujetos que ocuparán cargos políticos de toma de decisión.

The voting rights and political culture in North Macedonia and Albania

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Muaz Agushi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Competitive System ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Political Decision Making

Political culture is a set of attitudes and practices of people that shape their political behaviour. It includes moral judgments, political myths, beliefs, and ideas about what makes a good society while language of politics is the way of using language and words in the political arena. Words are the “currency” of power in elections. Voter turnout is an indicator of the level of interest and civic participation in political decision making, competitive party offerings, and civic trust in political actors. Extensive participation, when it comes to a competitive system, significantly increases the responsibility of political actors for civic demands and concerns. The aim of the article is to analyze the political culture and electoral behaviour in North Macedonia and Albania. The author makes conclusion based on the analysis presented in the article, that the process of applying democracy in these countries would face extraordinary challenges, caused by the lack of democratic traditions, as well as by established values and attitudes unfavorable for the democracy development. Important aspects of the political culture includes mutual respect, contra voting, the constant and productive political dialogue, political and parliamentary collaboration, stable institutions instead of strong leaders, high level of participation in elections, and expanding the political decision-making area. All of these aspects are considered to be a fragile occurrence in all countries of Southeastern Europe and especially in Albania and North Macedonia.

scholarly journals La Ley catalana de consultas populares de 2014 // The Catalonia Law of popular consultations of 2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (101) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
Ángel Luis Alonso de Antonio
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Political ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Political Decision Making

Resumen:La Ley Catalana de Consultas Populares de 2014 constituye un deseo de potenciar la participación ciudadana en la toma de decisiones políticas pero al tiempo era un intento de aprobar una norma que sirviera de marco jurídico para celebrar un verdadero referéndum sobre el futuro político de Cataluña, propósito evitado por el Tribunal Constitucional estableciendo que solo caben las consultas sectoriales y nunca las generales. Abstract:The Catalonia law of popular consultations of 2014, constitute a desire to enhance the citizen participation in political decision-making, but at the same time, it was an attempt to approve a lawe that would serve as the legal framework to hold a true referendum about the political future of Catalonia. This purpose was avoided by the Constitutional Court, stablishing that only sectoral and never general consultations are allowed. Summary:I. Introduction. II. Historical Previous Law Issues. III. Law Topic

scholarly journals Political Decision Making in the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Germany from the Perspective of Risk Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Frank Daumann ◽  
Florian Follert ◽  
Werner Gleißner ◽  
Endre Kamarás ◽  
Chantal Naumann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Political Decision Making

The COVID-19 pandemic is permanently changing modern social and economic coexistence. Most governments have declared infection control to be their top priority while citizens face great restrictions on their civil rights. A pandemic is an exemplary scenario in which political actors must decide about future, and thus uncertain, events. This paper tries to present a tool well established in the field of entrepreneurial and management decision making which could also be a first benchmark for political decisions. Our approach builds on the standard epidemiological SEIR model in combination with simulation techniques used in risk management. By our case study we want to demonstrate the opportunities that risk management techniques, especially risk analyses using Monte Carlo simulation, can provide to policy makers in general, and in a public health crisis in particular. Hence, our case study can be used as a framework for political decision making under incomplete information and uncertainty. Overall, we want to point out that a health policy that aims to provide comprehensive protection against infection should also be based on economic criteria. This is without prejudice to the integration of ethical considerations in the final political decision.

Wegvoeringen en weggevoerden tijdens de meidagen van 1940

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-259
Author(s):  
Etienne Verhoeyen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
The Political ◽  
Extreme Right ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Belgian Society ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Risky Business ◽  
Political Decision Making

Met dit boek levert Frank Seberechts een nagenoeg volledige studie af van een van de minder fraai kanten van de Belgische samenleving in 1940: de administratieve arrestatie en de wegvoering naar Frankrijk van enkele duizenden personen (de ‘verdachten’), Belgen of in België verblijvende vreemdelingen. De extreem-rechtse en pro-Duitse arrestanten hebben na hun vrijlating dit feit politiek in hun voordeel uitgebaat, waardoor volledig in de schaduw kwam te staan dat de overgrote meerderheid van de weggevoerden joodse mensen waren die in de jaren voor de oorlog naar België waren gevlucht. Dat het beeld van de wegvoeringen niet volledig is, is grotendeels te wijten aan het feit dat de meeste archieven die hierop betrekking hebben tijdens de meidagen van 1940 vernietigd werden. Met name de politieke besluitvorming over de wegvoeringen vertoont nog steeds schemerzones, zodat het vastleggen van verantwoordelijkheden ook vandaag nog een gewaagde onderneming is.________Deportations and the deported during the Maydays in 1940 By means of this book Frank Seberechts provides an almost complete study of one of the less admirable sides of Belgian society in 1940: the administrative arrest and the deportation to France of some thousands of people (‘the suspects’), Belgians or foreigners residing in Belgium. The extreme-right and pro-German detainees politically exploited this fact after they had been freed, but this completely overshadowed the point that the large majority of the deported people were Jews who had fled to Belgium during the years preceding the war. This incomplete portrayal of the deportations is mainly due to the fact that most of the archives relating to the events had been destroyed during the Maydays of 1940. The history of the political decision-making about the deportations in particular still shows many grey areas and it is therefore still a risky business even today to determine which people should be held accountable.

scholarly journals A survey of methods for evaluating mini-publics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeuchi Ayano
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Political Decision Making

AbstractPublic participation has become increasingly necessary to connect a wide range of knowledge and various values to agenda setting, decision-making and policymaking. In this context, deliberative democratic concepts, especially “mini-publics,” are gaining attention. Generally, mini-publics are conducted with randomly selected lay citizens who provide sufficient information to deliberate on issues and form final recommendations. Evaluations are conducted by practitioner researchers and independent researchers, but the results are not standardized. In this study, a systematic review of existing research regarding practices and outcomes of mini-publics was conducted. To analyze 29 papers, the evaluation methodologies were divided into 4 categories of a matrix between the evaluator and evaluated data. The evaluated cases mainly focused on the following two points: (1) how to maintain deliberation quality, and (2) the feasibility of mini-publics. To create a new path to the political decision-making process through mini-publics, it must be demonstrated that mini-publics can contribute to the decision-making process and good-quality deliberations are of concern to policy-makers and experts. Mini-publics are feasible if they can contribute to the political decision-making process and practitioners can evaluate and understand the advantages of mini-publics for each case. For future research, it is important to combine practical case studies and academic research, because few studies have been evaluated by independent researchers.

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