scholarly journals Financial and Non-Financial Measures in Evaluating Performance: The Role of Strategic Intelligence in the Context of Commercial Banks in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Blandina Walowe Kori ◽  
Stephen M. A. Muathe ◽  
Samuel Mwangi Maina
Keyword(s):  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Balanced Score Card ◽  
Financial Measures ◽  
Strategic Intelligence

This study provides comprehensive discussion on role of strategic intelligence in commercial banks, in Kenyan context. The primary focus was to evaluate the performance of commercial banks using both financial and non-financial performance measurers. The financial measurers comprised return on equity (ROE), while non-financial measures were customer satisfaction, learning and growth, and internal processes. The study was anchored on resource-based view and balanced scorecard model. The target population comprised 40 commercial banks. Additionally, the sample size 181 was selected proportionately through stratified sampling procedure. Data collection instruments comprised closed and open -ended questionnaires and online review. The study used both primary and secondary data, where primary data was obtained from Kenya commercial banks head offices, while secondary data, for the year 2016 – 2018, was obtained from the annual reports of the central bank of Kenya. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and linear multiple regression analysis. Findings of the study indicate that strategic intelligence has a statistically significance on the performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Moreover, both financial and non-financial measures of performance are relevant in the banking sector and growth of Kenyan economy. The study recommends that commercial bank in Kenya should integrate their training focus and strategy implementation with investors interests based on balanced score card.

scholarly journals Assessment of CSR Practices in Nepalese Commercial Banks (A Comparative Study of RBBL, SCBL & NABIL)

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Kapil Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Questionnaire Method

 Objective: To assess the corporate social responsibility practices in Nepalese commercial banking sector. Methods and Materials: Primary and secondary sources of data were used in the study. The primary data were collected through direct questionnaire method from 60 employees of sampled commercial banks. The secondary source was through journals, textbooks and annual reports of Nepal Rastra Bank. SPSS and Microsoft excel were used to analyze the collected data. The value of Cronbach’s Alpha (α) of overall questionnaire is 0.92, which suggests the reliability of primary data. Descriptive and explorative research designs were used to analyze the primary and secondary data. Results and Conclusion: Responses from all the respondents of commercial banks regarding CSR and Non-Financial Performance clearly imply that CSR has an influence on the Non-Financial Performance. In terms of ‘R2’, CSR impacts both Brand Image and Brand Awareness (i.e. 0.987). This clearly indicates that more than 98.7% variance of both non-financial performances has been explained by CSR. In terms of ‘R2’, CSR impacts less in financial performance (i.e. 0.149). This clearly indicates that only than 14.9% variance of financial performance has been explained by CSR.

scholarly journals Assessment of CSR Practices in Nepalese Commercial Banks (A Comparative Study of RBBL, SCBL & NABIL)

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Kapil Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Questionnaire Method

 Objective: To assess the corporate social responsibility practices in Nepalese commercial banking sector. Methods and Materials: Primary and secondary sources of data were used in the study. The primary data were collected through direct questionnaire method from 60 employees of sampled commercial banks. The secondary source was through journals, textbooks and annual reports of Nepal Rastra Bank. SPSS and Microsoft excel were used to analyze the collected data. The value of Cronbach’s Alpha (α) of overall questionnaire is 0.92, which suggests the reliability of primary data. Descriptive and explorative research designs were used to analyze the primary and secondary data. Results and Conclusion: Responses from all the respondents of commercial banks regarding CSR and Non-Financial Performance clearly imply that CSR has an influence on the Non-Financial Performance. In terms of ‘R2’, CSR impacts both Brand Image and Brand Awareness (i.e. 0.987). This clearly indicates that more than 98.7% variance of both non-financial performances has been explained by CSR. In terms of ‘R2’, CSR impacts less in financial performance (i.e. 0.149). This clearly indicates that only than 14.9% variance of financial performance has been explained by CSR.

scholarly journals Credit Management Practices and Loan Performance: Empirical Evidence from Commercial Banks in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Irene Muthoni Mburu ◽  
Lucy Wamugo Mwangi ◽  
Stephen M.A Muathe
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Credit Management ◽  
Lending Policy ◽  
Debt Collection

Commercial banks in Kenya as per the World Bank report were recording higher non-performance in loans over the study period than the standard globally in spite of Kenya having the most stable and developed banking system in East and Central Africa region. Commercial banks non-performing loans for five years from 2015 to 2018 averaged eleven percent which was higher than the recommended rate of one percent. In Kenya, commercial banks’ non-performing loans remain higher than the recommended rate which could be due to inadequate credit management practices. The study therefore aimed at examining the effect of credit management practices on loan performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to establish the effect of debt collection policy, client appraisal and lending policy on the loan performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The underpinning theory of the study was the 5Cs model for credit. The study used explanatory research design and the research philosophy adopted was positivism. The target population was 44 commercial banks in Kenya and a census approach was used. Both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires and related to credit management practices while secondary data was obtained from review of existing bank loan records in relation to loan amount advanced and non-performing loans for a period of four years from 2015-2018. The data collected was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS version 22. The study found out that debt collection policy and lending policy had a positive significant effect on loan performance of commercial banks in Kenya. However, client appraisal had no significant effect on loan performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Therefore, the study concluded that commercial banks’ loan performance could be largely attributed to the efficiency of the credit management practices put in place at the institutions. The study recommended that commercial banks to regularly evaluate and update practices relating to debt collection policy, client appraisal and lending policy that are capable of ensuring that credit risks are identified and recorded from departmental level to the institution at large. This is vital in light of technological innovations in the banking sector like mobile lending that may limit commercial banks’ ability to evaluate and manage credit using traditional methods.

scholarly journals Internet Banking and its Impact on the Service Quality of the Banks in Punjab

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 748-757
Author(s):  
Rajni Bhalla ◽  
Inderpal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Internet Banking ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Probability Method ◽  
The Impact

The changes in IT sector constantly influencing the performance of banking sector in the world. The emergence of internet banking has changed the way of banks of how to offer the products and services to the customers. In order to survive in the rapidly changing technological environment, the banks are required to adapt such changes and to maintain and improve the services which they are offering to their customers in order to attain the customers satisfaction. Now the term quality does not only include the products but also the services. This paper deals with the internet banking operations and how it affects the service quality of the banks in Punjab. The research is much more of qualitative nature but to prove facts and figures quantitative approach is also used in the paper. The research is descriptive as well as explanatory. In order to arrive at the sample size, non probability method has been used. For the primary data collection a structured questionnaire is used to record the response of various respondents. Secondary data has been collected from annual reports, other published literature of the banks etc. In order to test the impact of internet banking on the service quality of banks seven service quality dimensions model is used. A model with seven dimensions service quality named reliability, assurance, responsiveness, empathy, tangibility, security and communication is used to complete the study. In these seven dimensions 37 variables are covered. For the data analysis the statistical package SPSS 20 is used.  Descriptive statistics is used to analyse the data. The research proves that all the dimensions which are included in the study have a positive impact on the service quality of banks providing internet banking services to their customers in Punjab. The recommendations are also discussed with which the service quality and customers satisfaction can be improved.

scholarly journals The role of Sukuk in achieving sustainable development: Evidence from the Islamic Development Bank

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Hanan Al Madani ◽  
Khaled O. Alotaibi ◽  
Salah Alhammadi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Structured Interviews

The purpose of this study is to examine the compliance of Islamic Development Bank (IDB) Sukuk with Maqasid Al-Shari’ah (objectives of Islamic law) in relation to human development and well-being. The paper provides a theoretical model explaining how Sukuk can achieve Maqasid Al-Shari’ah by assessing the role of Sukuk in the circulation, development, and preservation of wealth to attain social justice. This study employs a qualitative methodology using an empirical case study. The primary data are collected through elite semi-structured interviews. The secondary data are obtained using a content analysis method from Sukuk’s Principle Terms and Conditions, Information Memorandum and IDB’s annual reports for the period 2007–2017 to explain the structures and features of the Sukuk and examine their compliance with the developed model. The findings indicate that the Medium Term Note (MTN) Sukuk program positively serves the elements of hifth al-mal (safeguarding wealth), showing a direct relationship between the shift of wealth among parties and the compliance of Maqasid Al-Shari’ah. This implies that the investments made by Sukuk would benefit everyone, including individuals, institutions, societies, and the whole country, to achieve human well-being and sustainable development. Nonetheless, the analysis suggests that Shari’ah supervisory boards need to focus more on the substance when structuring Sukuk to help Islamic finance benefit in terms of moving towards the achievement of Maqasid Al-Shari’ah.

scholarly journals Competitive Intelligence Practices And Performance Of Firms Listed On The Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Paul Waithaka
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Competitive Intelligence ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Financial Measures ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
And Performance

Performance is critical for every listed firm, as it enhances shareholder’s value and capability to generate earnings from invested capital. Some of the firms listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) have been performing poorly as indicated by the rising number of firms issuing profit warnings. The competitive business environment is continuously working to drive down the rate of return on invested capital. To counter these competitive forces, firms have resorted to gathering information at their disposal and converting it into competitive intelligence through analysis and human judgment. This study sought to determine the effect of competitive intelligence practices on performance of firms listed on the NSE. Firm performance was evaluated using both financial and non-financial measures. The non-financial measures used in the study were goal achievement and customer satisfaction, while Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) were the financial measures used. The target population was the sixty firms listed on the Nairobi securities exchange. Primary data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire; while secondary data was obtained from the firm’s published annual reports available at the NSE using a document review guide. Quantitative data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicate that competitive intelligence practices have a positive and a statistically significant effect on the non-financial performance of firms listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The intelligence practices were found to have a positive but statistically insignificant effect on the financial performance of listed firms. Managers of listed firms should raise the utilization level of competitive intelligence practices to enable the firms to make accurate predictions on changes in the business environment, compete better in the marketplace against rivals, improve on innovation and automation, track competitors’ activities and improve the competitiveness of their firms by identifying threats and opportunities before they become obvious. The study suggests that future researches should focus on extending knowledge on competitive intelligence practices to non-listed corporate sector firms to support the generalization of the findings to all sectors in the economy.

The Effect of Product and Service Innovations on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
Gladys Chepngetich Tonui; Patrick Kibati; John Kipkorir Tanui
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
New Technology ◽  
New Products ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Internet Banking ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Product Service

The objective of this study was to establish the effect of product /service innovations on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The 40 commercial banks was the population of this study which were in operation in Kenya as at December, 2017. Both primary and secondary data were used in the study. Explanatory research design was used. Questionnaires were used to gather primary data. Secondary data was collected from Central Bank annual report to validate communicative and validity of primary data. Quantitative analysis in the research was facilitated by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), the completed questionnaires was examined and the information for each item was further processed and analysed. The results obtained was further presented in charts and tables. Regression and correlation analysis were used to study the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables of the study. These were employed to analyze the data and find out whether financial performance of commercial banks was influenced by banks innovations. The results showed that most commercial banks have concentrated on their profits by creating new products and services which have minimized their operational costs. This study used Cronbach Alpha test of internal consistency to analyze the accuracy of the research tool based on pilot data.  The study recommended that banks should consider incorporating the new technology as it will increase the firms’ performance and to ensure their new products and services, are readily available in the market. The study recommended that the banking sector ought to continue investing on more innovative delivery channels since this improves banks capability to regulate expenditure. These will in turn, facilitates reduction in cost in every unit of service thus improved return on assets to financial institutions effective monitoring of accounting and auditing. Financial institutions should ensure that the banking innovations are well secured for customers to have confidence in using mobile banking and internet banking.

scholarly journals The Measurement Of Performance Using The Balanced Score Card In Islamic Banking

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Tri Wahyuni ◽  
Suwignyo Widagdo ◽  
Hamzah Fansuri Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Balanced Score Card ◽  
Employee Productivity ◽  
The Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Score Card ◽  
The Balanced Score Card

This  study  aimed  to  analyze  the  extent  to  which  performance  of  the PT. BPR Sinar Artha Wuluhan when measure d using the four perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard. The research was conducted on the company's performance in 2013-2014. The data used are primary data obtained from interviews with the resource persons and distributing questionnaires to the respondents as many as 130 respondents, ie 95 respondents and 35 respondents. This study also used secondary  data  obtained  from  various  sources  such  as  the  internet,  books, journals, theses, and others associated with this research. Data processing method using test data quality, the data validity test and reliability test data to test the questionnaire with the help of analysis tools SPSS version 20. The data processing also uses four perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard, the financial perspective using ROA, ROE and NPM. Customers use the perspective of customer acquisition, customer retention and customer satisfaction. Internal business perspective using indicators of innovation and operations. Learning and Growth perspective   using  a   level   employee   productivity,   employee   retention   and employee satisfaction. The results showed overall scores obtained by the performance of the company amounted to 46,9 % who expressed the company's performance is not good. However, there is increasing from year to year has increased its performance is quite good. Keywords: Performance Measurement, Balanced Score Card

The relationship between corporate governance, corporate characteristics and agricultural credit supply: evidence from Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 867-885
Author(s):  
Sohel Mehedi ◽  
Habibur Rahman ◽  
Dayana Jalaludin
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe paper aims to examine the level of agricultural credit by commercial banks and the determinants that influence the commercial banks to the increased level of agricultural credit through the pressures of the institutional environment.Design/methodology/approachThe study selects seventeen sample commercial banks following the market capitalization method and investigates a total of 85 annual reports during the period from 2013 to 2017. The study conducts a pooled regression to conclude the proposed hypotheses.FindingsThe present study finding indicates that the average of agricultural credits to total credits is 2.25% among the sample commercial banks. The study finds a positive significant association between board gender diversity, foreign director, management team and agricultural credit. Furthermore, the study has found that the role of the deposit in enhancing agricultural credit is positive. On the other hand, the association between independent directors, profitability and agricultural credits is negative.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is based on secondary data with five firm-year observations of commercial banks. The study finding is based on commercial banks, so it should not be generalized to non-bank financial institutions.Practical implicationsThe study emphasizes policymakers’ attention towards the level of agricultural credit and determinants that influence the level of agricultural credit by commercial banks in emerging markets.Originality/valueThe key contribution of the study is to focus on the reformist role of the determinants in promoting the increased level of agricultural credit in the emerging markets.

scholarly journals Credit Information Sharing Practices and Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (VI) ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
Felix Ouma Odhiambo ◽  
Fredrick Ndede
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Loan Default

The banking sector in Kenya suffered increased non-performing credits which prompted collapse of certain banks with an upsurge of loan defaulters. This was mainly attributed to the continued information asymmetry in the industry because of absence of a credit data sharing component. Commercial banks in Kenya have continued to encounter a number of challenges in obtaining information on customers’ payment history that helps guide on determining their ability to access and re-pay loan advancements. This has made more commercial banks to subscribe to credit reference bureaus since its establishment in 2008. As a result, commercial banks in Kenya have been experiencing high rates of Non-Performing Loans advanced to customers. The general objective of the study was to determine the effect of credit information sharing practices on financial performance of commercial bank in Kenya. The study specific objectives were to determine the effect of information accuracy, volume of lending and customer credit reports on financial performance of commercial bank in Kenya. The study was anchored by adverse selection theory, moral hazard theory and asymmetry theory. The researcher used a descriptive research design. The target population was five banks within Nairobi County including KCB, Equity Bank, Family Bank, Cooperative Bank and Barclays Bank. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and secondary data using financial statements of the commercial banks performance for the past 5 years. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The study found that information accuracy, volume of lending and customer credit reports were positively and significantly related to the financial performance of the commercial banks. The study concludes that information accuracy increases the banks ' understanding of the applicants’ features and allows a more precise forecast of their probabilities of repayment, it decreases the information rents that banks could otherwise obtain from their clients and it can function as a borrower discipline tool. Lending volume enhances business banks ' enhanced operations, which in turn leads to banks’ enhanced economic results. Sharing of credit information has made commercial banks grant more loans on the basis of their reputation to deserving clients, thereby improving their profitability. When extensive consumer credit history information are easily accessible, it considerably decreases the cost of entering loan markets for fresh lenders, enhances competition and lowers credit rates. The research recommends that for enhanced results, all financial institutions in Kenya need to protect the precision of their platforms for data sharing. Regular site visits should offer credibility to the precision of the borrowers’ data. The data supplied by CRB should be used efficiently by commercial banks to lend to prospective borrowers. Only borrowers with a strong history of credit should be permitted access to the loans. The research also proposes that Kenya's commercial banks should base credit awards on the borrowers’ reputational assets, ensuring that the loan default rate is small, thus enhancing commercial bank performance.

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