scholarly journals How Drought Affects Agricultural Insurance Policies: The Case of Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Fusco ◽  
Pier Paolo Miglietta ◽  
Donatella Porrini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Agricultural Insurance ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Precipitation Variable ◽  
Agriculture Risk ◽  
Insurance Data ◽  
Italian Province

Despite their growing intensity and the enormous costs, adverse meteorological events are still perceived as “exceptional”. Among the adverse weather events, the management of drought risk plays a key role due to the more pressing problem of the scarcity of water resources. In this context, agricultural insurance can represent a financial and risk mitigation tool for farmers. In this perspective, the aims of this study are: (1) to analyze, through a systematic review, the main findings of the scientific literature focused on the empirical and theoretical approach to the relation between adverse weather events in agriculture, risk and insurance; (2) to collect agroclimatic and insurance data for each Italian province for the period 2004-2011, (3) to measure the influence of climatic agroclimatic variables on insurance variables, i.e. Total Premiums, Insured Value and Certificates.The results of the analysis show the significance of the precipitation variable and its negative effect with each insurance dependent variable. The same result can be observed focusing on the effect of minimum temperature on two insurance variables, i.e. Total Premiums and Certificates. Models tested explain a range between 44% and 51% of the variation in our insurance dependent variables.

scholarly journals Mapping the Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Vegetation Response Lag to Drought in a Semi-Arid Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Hua ◽  
Huidong Wang ◽  
Haigang Sui ◽  
Brian Wardlow ◽  
Michael J. Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Gaussian Function ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Data Set

Drought, as an extreme climate event, affects the ecological environment for vegetation and agricultural production. Studies of the vegetative response to drought are paramount to providing scientific information for drought risk mitigation. In this paper, the spatial-temporal pattern of drought and the response lag of vegetation in Nebraska were analyzed from 2000 to 2015. Based on the long-term Daymet data set, the standard precipitation index (SPI) was computed to identify precipitation anomalies, and the Gaussian function was applied to obtain temperature anomalies. Vegetation anomaly was identified by dynamic time warping technique using a remote sensing Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series. Finally, multilayer correlation analysis was applied to obtain the response lag of different vegetation types. The results show that Nebraska suffered severe drought events in 2002 and 2012. The response lag of vegetation to drought typically ranged from 30 to 45 days varying for different vegetation types and human activities (water use and management). Grasslands had the shortest response lag (~35 days), while forests had the longest lag period (~48 days). For specific crop types, the response lag of winter wheat varied among different regions of Nebraska (35–45 days), while soybeans, corn and alfalfa had similar response lag times of approximately 40 days.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Brazilian Program of Subsidies for Rural Insurance Premium: Evolution from 2005 to 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Pedro Loyola ◽  
Vilmar Rodrigues Moreira ◽  
Claudimar Pereira Da Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Insurance Premium ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Agricultural Insurance ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
General Data

<p>Rural insurance is inserted in the field of agricultural policies to mitigate risks that farmers face. It was an innovation for the Brazilian government from the implementation standpoint, despite the existence of similar programs in other countries. The purpose of this paper is to assess the recent evolution of the Brazilian Rural Insurance Premium Subsidy Program (PSR) and its main variables: amount insured area, policies, average area, benefiting producers, total premiums involved and total subsidy. The study examined in detail the PSR representation by region and farming. In order to evaluate the results of this program on agricultural policy, an exploratory and descriptive analysis was performed with the objective of studying the evolution of the Brazilian rural insurance in the context of PSR, using the information available in the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) about the program. The information and data were collected between July and August 2015. The study was based on data collected from 2005 to 2013 with some general data of 2014 program included in the study. Even though the focus of the analysis was on the most recent years, 2009-2013. Data analysis revealed that the increased supply and demand for rural insurance is in the South and in the agricultural modalities for grains and fruits, with growth potential in other sectors and other regions in the country. PSR, as public policy, was responsible for the expansion of the rural insurance market in Brazil, encouraging and providing the access of producers to agricultural insurance by subsidizing the premium fee. Although this expansion has been slow and gradual, Brazil had in 2013 about 13.8% of the agricultural area with rural insurance coverage. This reveals the need for expanding the program to popularize this important risk mitigation tool.</p>

Models of Agriculture Risk Management with Agriculture Ontology

2010 ◽  
Vol 129-131 ◽  
pp. 743-747
Author(s):  
Kun Zhou ◽  
Chun Nian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Domain Ontology ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Agricultural Risk ◽  
Agricultural Risk Management ◽  
Basic Frame ◽  
Agriculture Risk ◽  
The Impact

with economic globalization and market-oriented agricultural economy, the impact factors of agricultural risks become more complicated. As a variety of factors intertwine together, the traditional Expert System is difficult to identify and manage agricultural risks, which greatly hampers the process of agricultural risk management. To overcome this problem, we introduce the ontology theory. By constructing agricultural risk ontology and agricultural risk strategy ontology, we can resolve the problem of agricultural risk's description and identification, and improve the efficiency and reliability of agricultural risk management. In this paper, we introduce the domain ontology theory to the field of agricultural risk management, and describe the basic process of the domain ontology-based agricultural risk management. And then, we propose a framework of ontology-based agricultural risk management and specifically introduce each module in the framework. Meanwhile, based on the method of building ontology, this article constructs the basic frame of the agricultural risk ontology. Finally, to take the drought risk for example, the paper analyses the implementation process and technologies of the domain ontology-based agricultural risk management.

scholarly journals Adverse-Weather Trends in the Canadian Arctic

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 3140-3156 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Hanesiak ◽  
Xiaolan L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Blowing Snow ◽  
Homogenization Procedure ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Weather Observations ◽  
Adverse Weather

Abstract This study provides an assessment of changes in the occurrence frequency of four types of adverse-weather (freezing precipitation, blowing snow, fog, and low ceilings) and no-weather (i.e., no precipitation or visibility obscuration) events as observed at 15 Canadian Arctic stations of good hourly weather observations for 1953–2004. The frequency time series were subjected to a homogenization procedure prior to a logistic regression–based trend analysis. The results show that the frequency of freezing precipitation has increased almost everywhere across the Canadian Arctic since 1953. Rising air temperature in the region has probably resulted in more times that the temperature is suitable for freezing precipitation. On the contrary, the frequency of blowing snow occurrence has decreased significantly in the Canadian Arctic. The decline is most significant in spring. Changes in fog and low ceiling (LC) occurrences have similar patterns and are most (least) significant in summer (autumn). Decreases were identified for both types of events in the eastern region in all seasons. In the southwest, however, the fog frequency has increased significantly in all seasons, while the LC frequency has decreased significantly in spring and summer. The regional mean rate of change in the frequency of the four types of adverse weather was estimated to be 7%–13% per decade. The frequency of no-weather events has also decreased significantly at most of the 15 sites. The decrease is most significant and extensive in autumn. Comparison with the adverse-weather trends above indicates that the decline in no-weather occurrence (i.e., increase in weather occurrence) is not the result of an increase in blowing snow or fog occurrence; it is largely the result of the increasing frequency of freezing precipitation and, most likely, other types of precipitation as well. This is consistent with the reported increases in precipitation amount and more frequent cyclone activity in the lower Canadian Arctic.

Teaching in Stormy Weather

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-517
Author(s):  
Shawna Ross
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Learning Community ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Event Attribution ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Stormy Weather

This article considers the pedagogical implications of climate change and other environmental catastrophes of the Anthropocene, the new geological epoch identified by climate scientists. In the Anthropocene, the human species has become the most significant force shaping Earth’s geosphere and is responsible for a number of anxiety-producing effects beyond the rise of global temperatures. As erratic weather patterns and extreme weather events have increased, climatologists have been perfecting new methods of single-event attribution capable of linking particular adverse weather events (including droughts, heat waves, flooding tornadoes, and hurricanes) directly to climate change. To provide a concrete example of those universal trends, the author applies her experiences in teaching in Texas, which is strongly marked by long-term forces of anthropogenic environmental devastation (such as the northward migration of the oak trees and alterations in the lithosphere caused by oil extraction). It has also been impacted by hurricanes, floods, and freezes that delayed the onset of the Fall 2017 and Spring 2018 semesters and, in many cases, damaged or destroyed her students’ homes at Texas A&M. The article recounts the strategies that her learning community used to adjust to these exigencies and then offers suggestions for adapting these strategies to other locales.

scholarly journals Adaptation options for wheat in Europe will be limited by increased adverse weather events under climate change

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (112) ◽  
pp. 20150721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Trnka ◽  
Petr Hlavinka ◽  
Mikhail A. Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Expected Increase ◽  
Adaptation Options

Ways of increasing the production of wheat, the most widely grown cereal crop, will need to be found to meet the increasing demand caused by human population growth in the coming decades. This increase must occur despite the decrease in yield gains now being reported in some regions, increased price volatility and the expected increase in the frequency of adverse weather events that can reduce yields. However, if and how the frequency of adverse weather events will change over Europe, the most important wheat-growing area, has not yet been analysed. Here, we show that the accumulated probability of 11 adverse weather events with the potential to significantly reduce yield will increase markedly across all of Europe. We found that by the end of the century, the exposure of the key European wheat-growing areas, where most wheat production is currently concentrated, may increase more than twofold. However, if we consider the entire arable land area of Europe, a greater than threefold increase in risk was predicted. Therefore, shifting wheat production to new producing regions to reduce the risk might not be possible as the risk of adverse events beyond the key wheat-growing areas increases even more. Furthermore, we found a marked increase in wheat exposure to high temperatures, severe droughts and field inaccessibility compared with other types of adverse events. Our results also showed the limitations of some of the presently debated adaptation options and demonstrated the need for development of region-specific strategies. Other regions of the world could be affected by adverse weather events in the future in a way different from that considered here for Europe. This observation emphasizes the importance of conducting similar analyses for other major wheat regions.

scholarly journals Development of Mental Health Classification Related to Severe Weather Events

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin F. Chu ◽  
Stella Tsai ◽  
Teresa Hamby ◽  
Elizabeth Kostial ◽  
Jerald Fagliano
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Health Monitoring Systems

Real-time emergency department (ED) data are currently received from 78 of 80 New Jersey acute care and satellite EDs by Health Monitoring Systems Inc. (HMS) EpiCenter system. After the 2012 Superstorm Sandy, NJDOH initiated a plan to develop severe weather surveillance using ED data to track both health and mental health outcomes during adverse weather conditions to alert the public about emerging health hazards. Data from 68 out of a total of 80 emergency departments with dates from October 28, 2012 to November 17, 2012 were used in this analysis. Validation results for classifications were reviewed and issues are addressed.

scholarly journals Perfect Storm: Climate Change and Tourism

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhan Cevik ◽  
Manuk Ghazanchyan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Climate Vulnerability ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Perfect Storm

Abstract While the world’s attention is on dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change remains a greater existential threat to vulnerable countries that are highly dependent on a weather-sensitive sector like tourism. Using a multidimensional index, this study investigates the long-term impact of climate change vulnerability on international tourism in a panel of 15 Caribbean countries over the period 1995–2017. Empirical results show that climate vulnerability already has a statistically and economically significant negative effect on international tourism revenues across the region. As extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and severe over time, our findings indicate that the Caribbean countries need to invest more in adaptation and mitigation in order to reduce vulnerabilities.

scholarly journals Perfect Storm

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (243) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhan Cevik ◽  
Manuk Ghazanchyan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Adaptation Policies ◽  
Climate Vulnerability ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Long Term Impact

While the world’s attention is on dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change remains a greater existential threat to vulnerable countries that are highly dependent on a weather-sensitive sector like tourism. Using a novel multidimensional index, this study investigates the long-term impact of climate change vulnerability on international tourism in a panel of 15 Caribbean countries over the period 1995–2017. Empirical results show that climate vulnerability already has a statistically and economically significant negative effect on international tourism revenues across the region. As extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and severe over time, our findings indicate that the Caribbean countries need to pursue comprehensive adaptation policies to reduce vulnerabilities to climate change.

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