scholarly journals Adaptation options for wheat in Europe will be limited by increased adverse weather events under climate change

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (112) ◽  
pp. 20150721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Trnka ◽  
Petr Hlavinka ◽  
Mikhail A. Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Expected Increase ◽  
Adaptation Options

Ways of increasing the production of wheat, the most widely grown cereal crop, will need to be found to meet the increasing demand caused by human population growth in the coming decades. This increase must occur despite the decrease in yield gains now being reported in some regions, increased price volatility and the expected increase in the frequency of adverse weather events that can reduce yields. However, if and how the frequency of adverse weather events will change over Europe, the most important wheat-growing area, has not yet been analysed. Here, we show that the accumulated probability of 11 adverse weather events with the potential to significantly reduce yield will increase markedly across all of Europe. We found that by the end of the century, the exposure of the key European wheat-growing areas, where most wheat production is currently concentrated, may increase more than twofold. However, if we consider the entire arable land area of Europe, a greater than threefold increase in risk was predicted. Therefore, shifting wheat production to new producing regions to reduce the risk might not be possible as the risk of adverse events beyond the key wheat-growing areas increases even more. Furthermore, we found a marked increase in wheat exposure to high temperatures, severe droughts and field inaccessibility compared with other types of adverse events. Our results also showed the limitations of some of the presently debated adaptation options and demonstrated the need for development of region-specific strategies. Other regions of the world could be affected by adverse weather events in the future in a way different from that considered here for Europe. This observation emphasizes the importance of conducting similar analyses for other major wheat regions.

scholarly journals Impacts of extreme weather on the health and well-being of people who are homeless

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine G. A. Pendrey ◽  
Marion Carey ◽  
Janet Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Homeless Population ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Expected Increase

This letter responds to the article by Cusack et al., ‘Extreme weather-related health needs of people who are homeless’ (Australian Journal of Primary Health, 2013, 19(3), 250–255), which addressed the impacts of extreme weather on the health of the homeless population in inner city Adelaide. We compare the findings of Cusack et al. to our own original research, based on interviews with service providers to the homeless in urban and rural Victoria. We further place this issue in the broader context of climate change, which is crucial given the expected increase in extreme weather events and associated health impacts.

scholarly journals Adverse-Weather Trends in the Canadian Arctic

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 3140-3156 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Hanesiak ◽  
Xiaolan L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Blowing Snow ◽  
Homogenization Procedure ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Weather Observations ◽  
Adverse Weather

Abstract This study provides an assessment of changes in the occurrence frequency of four types of adverse-weather (freezing precipitation, blowing snow, fog, and low ceilings) and no-weather (i.e., no precipitation or visibility obscuration) events as observed at 15 Canadian Arctic stations of good hourly weather observations for 1953–2004. The frequency time series were subjected to a homogenization procedure prior to a logistic regression–based trend analysis. The results show that the frequency of freezing precipitation has increased almost everywhere across the Canadian Arctic since 1953. Rising air temperature in the region has probably resulted in more times that the temperature is suitable for freezing precipitation. On the contrary, the frequency of blowing snow occurrence has decreased significantly in the Canadian Arctic. The decline is most significant in spring. Changes in fog and low ceiling (LC) occurrences have similar patterns and are most (least) significant in summer (autumn). Decreases were identified for both types of events in the eastern region in all seasons. In the southwest, however, the fog frequency has increased significantly in all seasons, while the LC frequency has decreased significantly in spring and summer. The regional mean rate of change in the frequency of the four types of adverse weather was estimated to be 7%–13% per decade. The frequency of no-weather events has also decreased significantly at most of the 15 sites. The decrease is most significant and extensive in autumn. Comparison with the adverse-weather trends above indicates that the decline in no-weather occurrence (i.e., increase in weather occurrence) is not the result of an increase in blowing snow or fog occurrence; it is largely the result of the increasing frequency of freezing precipitation and, most likely, other types of precipitation as well. This is consistent with the reported increases in precipitation amount and more frequent cyclone activity in the lower Canadian Arctic.

Teaching in Stormy Weather

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-517
Author(s):  
Shawna Ross
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Learning Community ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Event Attribution ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Stormy Weather

This article considers the pedagogical implications of climate change and other environmental catastrophes of the Anthropocene, the new geological epoch identified by climate scientists. In the Anthropocene, the human species has become the most significant force shaping Earth’s geosphere and is responsible for a number of anxiety-producing effects beyond the rise of global temperatures. As erratic weather patterns and extreme weather events have increased, climatologists have been perfecting new methods of single-event attribution capable of linking particular adverse weather events (including droughts, heat waves, flooding tornadoes, and hurricanes) directly to climate change. To provide a concrete example of those universal trends, the author applies her experiences in teaching in Texas, which is strongly marked by long-term forces of anthropogenic environmental devastation (such as the northward migration of the oak trees and alterations in the lithosphere caused by oil extraction). It has also been impacted by hurricanes, floods, and freezes that delayed the onset of the Fall 2017 and Spring 2018 semesters and, in many cases, damaged or destroyed her students’ homes at Texas A&M. The article recounts the strategies that her learning community used to adjust to these exigencies and then offers suggestions for adapting these strategies to other locales.

scholarly journals New Normal Weather Breaks a Traditional Clothing Retail Calendar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungmi Oh ◽  
Kyung-Ja Ha ◽  
Young-Heon Jo
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Weather Observation

Abstract Background: Clothing businesses have complained of sluggish sales because of new normal weather, an increased variation of temperature and precipitation and the higher occurrence of extreme weather events. Traditionally, the business runs tied to calendar dates or retailing events, and the previous year's sales draw up a sales plan. This study questioned whether the sales planning method of the clothing business is valid and reliable for today. Results: Using weather observation data and Google Trends for the past 11 years, consumers' responses to weather changes were analyzed through the decision tree to learn about consumer insights. The month is the most significant predictor of seasonal clothing demand during a season, and consumers' responses to weather vary from month to month. Minimum temperature and maximum temperature were significant predictors in a particular month. Conclusions: Our results have important managerial implications. Rapid weather changes affect consumers’ demand. Clothing retailers can apply the predictive model to quickly respond to unexpected weather changes, prepare products with rapidly increasing demand not to miss sales opportunities, and adjust quantities and prices for products with sharp declines in demand.

scholarly journals Development of Mental Health Classification Related to Severe Weather Events

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin F. Chu ◽  
Stella Tsai ◽  
Teresa Hamby ◽  
Elizabeth Kostial ◽  
Jerald Fagliano
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Health Monitoring Systems

Real-time emergency department (ED) data are currently received from 78 of 80 New Jersey acute care and satellite EDs by Health Monitoring Systems Inc. (HMS) EpiCenter system. After the 2012 Superstorm Sandy, NJDOH initiated a plan to develop severe weather surveillance using ED data to track both health and mental health outcomes during adverse weather conditions to alert the public about emerging health hazards. Data from 68 out of a total of 80 emergency departments with dates from October 28, 2012 to November 17, 2012 were used in this analysis. Validation results for classifications were reviewed and issues are addressed.

scholarly journals Prediction of Farmers’ Access to Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) Scheme using Discriminant Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
P. Santhi ◽  
S. Sangeetha
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Crop Insurance ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Adverse Weather

<p>Crops are subject to risks generated by adverse weather conditions, natural disasters, biological reasons and market price volatility. Crop insurance is a strategy hedge the risk of loss arising out of agricultural activities. The PMFBY was launched in 2016 with an impetus on agricultural sector. The successes of crop insurance business depend on the awareness of the beneficiaries about the products and services rendered. Hence the study aims at analysing awareness and access to the Scheme by the farmers who have insured their crops mandatorily or voluntarily. The sample farmers were drawn from Thondamuthur block in Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu, which is notified by PMFBY scheme as the Low Risk Profile District purposively taking into account those who have insured their crops under PMFBY Scheme during the study period of Kharif 2018. The sample size includes 187 respondents comprising of 115 loanee farmers covered under the scheme and 72 non-loanee farmers covered under the scheme voluntarily. The primary data were collected through structured interview schedule and were subjected to test of reliability. The secondary data was collected from published sources. The descriptive statistics and inferential statistics namely factor analysis and discriminant analysis was employed in data analysis. The result showed that a moderate level of awareness is prevailing PMFBY scheme among the farmers about the features of the scheme. The non-loanee farmers were much aware of various features than loanee farmers. The access to the scheme by the non-loanee farmers were determined by announcement of cut-off date ahead of the particular season and support services available at the villages. The access to the scheme by the loanee farmers is because of mandatory deduction of premium out of agricultural credit, Insurance policy provided at their doorstep by authorities, agencies and involvement of local leaders.</p>

scholarly journals DAYASAING KOMODITAS HORTIKULTURA NEGARA BERKEMBANG DAN NEGARA MAJU DI PASAR INTERNASIONAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-86
Author(s):  
Eko Purwo Santosa ◽  
Muhammad Firdaus ◽  
Tanti Novianti
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Real Exchange Rates ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Real Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Increasing Demand

Horticulture is one of the agricultural sub-sector consisting of vegetables, fruits, biofarmaka mplants (medicinal plants) and floriculture (ornamentals) became one of the commodities subject of international trade, which the demand is increasing in line with increasing household income and growth population. During the period 2005-2014, the average growth value of horticultural exports of developing countries amounted to 69,81 percent higher than the average growth of exports in developed countries as big as 40,78 percent. The global trading of horticulture is faced with price volatility and trade barriers problems. In addition, the increasing demand of these commodities also in line with the increase in household incomes and population growth. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the competitiveness of horticulture commodities in the international market and the factors that influence trade flow. The results of Export Product Dynamic (EPD) show that there are two horticultural export commodity that has dynamic market position in world market, there are bananas (HS.080300) and pineapples (HS.080430). Generally, the panel data analysis results show that prices, trade barriers, population, real GDP per capita, economic distances, and real exchange rates significantly affect export volumes. Keywords: Competitiveness, Exports, Horticulture, Gravity model

scholarly journals Increase in wheat production through management of abiotic stresses : A review

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1070-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamta Kajla ◽  
Vinaya Kumar Yadav ◽  
Jaswant Khokhar ◽  
Samar Singh ◽  
R. S. Chhokar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Time Stress ◽  
Increasing Demand

About 9% of area on earth is under crops out of which 91% is under various stresses. On an average, about 50% yield losses are due to abiotic stresses mostly due to high temperature (20%), low temperature (7%), salinity (10%), drought (9%) and other abiotic stresses (4%). As there is no scope for increasing area under agriculture, the increased productivity from these stressed land is a must to meet the ever increasing demand. Further, the severity of abiotic stresses is likely to increase due to changing climate leading to adverse effect on crops. Therefore, abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, sodicity, acidity, water logging, heat, nutrient toxicities/ deficiencies etc need to be effectively addressed through adoption of management practices like tillage and planting options, residue management, sowing time, stress tolerant cultivars, irrigation scheduling and integrated nutrient management to conserve natural resources, mitigating their adverse effect and sustainable wheat production.

scholarly journals Perception and Comprehension of the Extended Forecast Graphic: A Survey of Broadcast Meteorologists and the Public

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. E221-E236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob R. Reed ◽  
Jason C. Senkbeil
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
General Public ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
The Public ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
High And Low Temperatures ◽  
Probability Of Precipitation

Abstract There have been multiple efforts in recent years to simplify visual weather forecast products, with the goal of more efficient risk communication for the general public. Many meteorological forecast products, such as the cone of uncertainty, storm surge graphics, warning polygons, and Storm Prediction Center (SPC) convective outlooks, have created varying levels of public confusion resulting in revisions, modifications, and improvements. However, the perception and comprehension of private weather graphics produced by television stations has been largely overlooked in peer-reviewed research. The goal of this study is to explore how the extended forecast graphic, more commonly known as the 7, 10 day, etc., is utilized by broadcasters and understood by the public. Data were gathered from surveys with the general public and also from broadcast meteorologists. Results suggest this graphic is a source of confusion and highlights a disconnect between the meteorologists producing the graphic and the content prioritized by their audiences. Specifically, timing and intensity of any precipitation or adverse weather events are the two most important variables to consider from the viewpoint of the public. These variables are generally absent from the extended forecast graphic, thus forcing the public to draw their own conclusions, which may differ from what the meteorologist intends to convey. Other results suggest the placement of forecast high and low temperatures, use of probability of precipitation, icon inconsistency, and length of time the graphic is shown also contribute to public confusion and misunderstanding.

scholarly journals Incremental, transitional and transformational adaptation to climate change in resource extraction regions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Loginova ◽  
Simon P.J. Batterbury
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Inclusive Governance ◽  
Mining Regions

Non-technical summary Mining regions are affected by climate change. Supplies of energy and water are required, and operations become hazardous during adverse weather events. Adapting to climate change takes three forms: incrementally improving the resilience of mining operations; transitioning to more inclusive governance through institutional and policy innovations; and more profound transformations that shift the balance of power, including profit-sharing, localized control or cessation of mining entirely. Clarifying adaptation pathways helps to identify priorities and inform policies for a fairer and more sustainable future for mining and the regions where it takes place.

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