scholarly journals An Appropriate Technology Based Solution to Convert Waste Plastic into Fuel Oil in Underdeveloped Regions

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandni A. Joshi ◽  
Jeffrey R. Seay
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Waste Minimization ◽  
University Of Kentucky ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
The University

<p>Along with population and urbanization in developing countries, the amount of municipal solid waste generated is also increasing. Although programs and initiatives to recycle and manage waste can often be found in the major population centers, these technologies are slow to spread to or are not yet present in the rural areas. Heavily populated urban slums are also lacking in the infrastructure needed to collect and manage trash, particularly plastic packaging. To address this challenge, the University of Kentucky Appropriate Technology and Sustainability (UKATS) research team has developed an appropriate technology based, sustainable solution to convert plastic from Municipal Solid Waste, such as High/Low Density Polyethylene, Polypropylene and Polystyrene into a valuable hydrocarbon fuel, suitable for underdeveloped or poverty stricken communities. The UKATS Processor is designed as a waste minimization solution specifically for underdeveloped communities, comprised of a simple, non-automated, multifunctional processor built using a wood fueled rocket stove as the primary heat source. This processor is designed using the principles of appropriate technology and sustainability and can be constructed using non-standard materials commonly present in rural or underdeveloped areas. This research focuses on utilizing plastic waste to produce a fuel oil product similar to kerosene or diesel in composition.</p>

scholarly journals Optimization of an Appropriate Technology Based Process for Converting Waste Plastic in to Liquid Fuel via Thermal Decomposition

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel DeNeve ◽  
Chandni Joshi ◽  
Abhishek Samdani ◽  
John Higgins ◽  
Jeffrey Seay
Keyword(s):  
Product Yield ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
University Of Kentucky ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Rural Villages

Municipal solid waste in the developing world is often improperly disposed of in dumps near slums or simply discarded along the roadside in rural villages. This waste, particularly plastic, is a serious environmental and health concern for the communities in those regions. Lack of infrastructure, capital, and governmental policies contributes to the waste pile-up. Thus, methods of removing, recycling, and repurposing the otherwise pollutant waste are needed. In order to address the problem of plastic waste accumulation in developing regions, a process based on the principles of Appropriate Technology for converting waste plastic into a fuel oil similar to diesel fuel or kerosene has been proposed by the University of Kentucky Appropriate Technology and Sustainability (UKATS) research team. Several commonly occurring plastics such as High and Low Density Polyethylene, Polypropylene, and Polystyrene have been analyzed for their potential as a source of hydrocarbon fuel oil. In order to optimize this chemical process, the temperature parameters leading to maximum product yield have been studied. Experiments have been conducted in a small scale pyrolysis chamber to determine the optimum process temperature. Along with data collection of individual plastics, a mixture of the waste plastic was also analyzed.

scholarly journals Appropriate Technology for Municipal Solid Waste Management Based on Wastepreneurship Implementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Diananto Prihandoko ◽  
Arief Budiman ◽  
Prabang Setyono ◽  
Chafid Fandeli ◽  
Maria Theresia Sri Budiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Social Evaluation ◽  
Msw Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
Waste Characteristics

Piyungan landfill is the biggest landfill in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, which receives municipal solid waste (MSW) from two districts and a city, while its designed service time has been over and faces operational obstacles. Meanwhile, the volume of the MSW grows rapidly and exceeds the reduction rate in their sources. The difficulty in finding a new landfill area is the reason why appropriate technological alternatives in the MSW management are strongly needed. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the social and economic aspects and formulate appropriate technology based on the waste entrepreneurship (wastepreneurship) concept. The methods of this study were conducting calculation of waste characteristics and composition, social evaluation, and economic evaluation of the combination of composting, incinerator, and sanitary landfill. Waste characteristics and composition were taken using direct field measurement following Indonesia's National Standard Guideline about retrieving and measuring examples of urban waste emergence and composition. Characteristics of waste are used for the calculation of calorific value and energy. The social evaluation was conducted using an in-depth interview with the rag pickers. The economic evaluation was conducted using net present value, internal rate of return, and payback period. The result of the study shows that Piyungan Landfill with total combustion waste reach 82.22% has the potential of incinerator implementation. In social evaluation, the implementation of composting and incinerator technologies would open employment for the surrounding community and rag pickers. The economic evaluation shows the combination of composting and incinerator technologies was economically feasible with an average profit margin of 12.97% in the operational period of 18 years. In conclusion, the concept of wastepreneurship is relevant in Piyungan Landfill by adjusting the MSW management paradigm from previously cost-center into business-center.

Municipal Solid Waste Utilization for Integrated Cement Processing with Waste Minimization

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K.H. Choy ◽  
D.C.K. Ko ◽  
W.-H. Cheung ◽  
J.S.C. Fung ◽  
D.C.W. Hui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Waste Minimization

The operation of cost-effective on-site process for the bio-treatment of mixed municipal solid waste in rural areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 999-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duo Wu ◽  
Chunyan Zhang ◽  
Fan Lü ◽  
Liming Shao ◽  
Pinjing He
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cost Effective

Sources and factors controlling the disposal of biodegradable municipal solid waste in urban and rural areas of Cyprus

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iakovos Skourides ◽  
Stephen R. Smith ◽  
Michael Loizides
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

scholarly journals Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to Select Waste to Energy Technology for a Mega City: The Case of Moscow

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9828
Author(s):  
Anna Kurbatova ◽  
Hani Ahmed Abu-Qdais
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Ahp Model ◽  
Priority Weights ◽  
Landfill Biogas

In a mega city like Moscow, both municipal solid waste management and energy systems are managed in an unsustainable way. Therefore, utilizing the municipal solid waste to generate energy will help the city in achieving sustainability by decreasing greenhouse gases emissions and the need for land to dispose the solid waste. In this study, various Waste to Energy (WTE) options were evaluated using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to select the most appropriate technology for the Moscow region. The developed AHP model consists of 4 levels, which assessed four WTE technologies, namely landfill biogas, anaerobic digestion, incineration, and refuse derived fuel (RDF), using four criteria and nine subcriteria. The pairwise comparison was achieved by soliciting 16 experts’ opinions. The priority weights of various criteria, subcriteria, and alternatives were determined using Expert Choice Software. The developed model indicated that landfill biogas is the preferred option with a global weight of 0.448, followed by the anaerobic digestion with a weight of 0.320 and incineration with a weight of 0.138, while the least preferred technology is the RDF with a weight of 0.094. Sensitivity analysis has shown that the priorities of WTE alternatives are sensitive for the environmental and technical criteria. The developed AHP model can be used by the decision makers in Moscow in the field of WTE.

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