scholarly journals Carbon estimation using sampling to correct LiDAR-assisted enhanced forest inventory estimates

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingbing Chen ◽  
John A. Kershaw ◽  
Yung-Han Hsu ◽  
Ting-Ru Yang
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Light Detection And Ranging ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Ratio Estimator ◽  
Standing Tree ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Carbon Budget Model

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) scanning has been increasingly applied in forest ecosystem surveys. Data from LiDAR describe forest structure and provide attribute information for forest inventory. These attributes can potentially aid in the estimation of biomass and carbon by providing sampling covariates. Therefore, this study explored the accuracy of estimating carbon storage by calibrating LiDAR attributes using list sampling with a ratio estimator. Standing tree carbon and down woody debris carbon were estimated across 10 broad forest types. LiDAR-derived gross total volume was used as a listing factor and big BAF samples to collect field data. Gross total volumes were “corrected” using a ratio estimator. The results show that standing tree carbon was 58.5 Mg C × ha-1 (± 2.9% SE), and dead woody debris carbon 1.8 Mg C × ha-1 (± 7.2% SE). With the exception of one forest type, these estimates were comparable to those derived from the carbon budget model of the Canadian forest sector (CBM-CFS3).

scholarly journals Using the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS3) to examine the impact of harvest and fire on carbon dynamics in selected forest types of the Canadian Boreal shield

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (04) ◽  
pp. 426-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Luckai ◽  
G.R. Larocque ◽  
L. Archambault ◽  
D. Paré ◽  
R. Boutin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Budget Model ◽  
Carbon Budget Model ◽  
Fire Disturbances ◽  
Shallow Soils ◽  
The Impact

The objective of the study was to assess the responsiveness of the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS3) to management scenarios that included three rotation lengths (50, 100 and 250 years) under harvest and fire disturbances in six forest types (poplar deep soil, black spruce deep soil, jack pine deep and shallow soils, hardwood mixedwood and other conifer lowland). Outputs from five carbon (C) pools were considered: merchantable stemwood (stump height of 30 cm, minimum DBH of 9 cm and a minimum top diameter of 7 cm), deadwood, soil C, total ecosystem C and cumulative total ecosystem C emissions. Yield curves strongly affected the predicted size of all five pools. Longer rotation lengths led to larger pools with the relative differences between rotation lengths varying with stand types. Pools associated with poplar were usually the largest while those of jack pine on shallow sites were generally the smallest. When compared to the starting point of the simulations, cumulative total ecosystem C and C emissions increased with the 100- and 250-year harvest rotations (HARV100 and HARV250, respectively) and declined with the 50-year harvest rotation (HARV50). Fire disturbances resulted in stable pools of cumulative ecosystem C and declines in C emissions. CBM-CFS3 provided realistic pool values but the authors suggest further development of the model depiction of ecosystem processes, especially with respect to the treatment of respiration. In general, the authors recommend that forest management planners consider using an integrated approach that links multiple proven and accepted models under appropriate model linking software.

scholarly journals Estimates of Down Woody Materials on Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Applegate
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Cover Type ◽  
Cover Type ◽  
Forest Cover Types ◽  
Structure Class

Abstract An inventory of down woody materials (DWM) was conducted on Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia, to develop a baseline of DWM abundance and distribution to assist in wildland fire management. Estimates of DWM are necessary to develop accurate assessments of wildfire hazard, model wildland fire behavior, and establish thresholds for retaining DWM, specifically CWD (coarse woody debris), as a structural component of forest ecosystems. DWM were sampled by forest type and structure class using US Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) field procedures. DWM averaged 12–16 tn/ac depending on forest cover type and structure class. Coarse woody debris (CWD) averaged 2.7–13.0 tn/ac depending on forest cover type and structure class. CWD comprised more than 70% of DWM across all forest cover types and structure classes. Fine woody debris (FWD) averaged 0.05–3.2 tn/ac depending on fuel hour class, forest cover type, and structure class. DWM was consistently higher in mature (sawtimber) forests than in young (poletimber) forests across all forest cover types, attributed to an increased CWD component of DWM. The variability associated with DWM suggests that obtaining robust estimates of CWD biomass will require a higher sampling intensity than FWD because of its nonuniform distribution in forest systems. FIA field procedures for tallying and quantifying DWM were practical, efficient, and, subsequently, included as permanent metrics in Fort A.P. Hill's Continuous Forest Inventory program.

A practical approach for assessing the sensitivity of the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS3)

2008 ◽  
Vol 219 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 373-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas White ◽  
Nancy Luckai ◽  
Guy R. Larocque ◽  
Werner A. Kurz ◽  
Carolyn Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Budget Model ◽  
Carbon Budget Model

ENFOR - Energy from the forest

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Peter Hall ◽  
J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Energy Delivery ◽  
Carbon Budget Model ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Rotation Crops ◽  
Energy Plantations ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting

The ENFOR program, in effect since 1978, is reviewed in light of its objectives and accomplishments. ENFOR has made a difference in forest science and our knowledge and understanding of forest biomass production and the technology to increase the use of forest bioenergy. ENFOR successes include the Forest Biomass Inventory of Canada; the FORCYTE Model; the understanding of whole-tree harvesting/nutrient cycling; the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector; and the development and testing of species, clones, and production technologies for energy plantations. The promotion of the program through various types of technology transfer in the field is a major success. ENFOR and its successor programs will strive for closer cooperation and integration of forest bioenergy activities and energy delivery systems, which should increase the supply of forest biomass while contributing to the reduction of environmental stress. Key words: bioenergy, short rotation crops

scholarly journals Evaluating Model Predictions of Fire Induced Tree Mortality Using Wildfire-Affected Forest Inventory Measurements

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason S. Barker ◽  
Jeremy S. Fried ◽  
Andrew N. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Flame Length ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Fuel Moisture ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Mean Error ◽  
Wide Range

Forest land managers rely on predictions of tree mortality generated from fire behavior models to identify stands for post-fire salvage and to design fuel reduction treatments that reduce mortality. A key challenge in improving the accuracy of these predictions is selecting appropriate wind and fuel moisture inputs. Our objective was to evaluate postfire mortality predictions using the Forest Vegetation Simulator Fire and Fuels Extension (FVS-FFE) to determine if using representative fire-weather data would improve prediction accuracy over two default weather scenarios. We used pre- and post-fire measurements from 342 stands on forest inventory plots, representing a wide range of vegetation types affected by wildfire in California, Oregon, and Washington. Our representative weather scenarios were created by using data from local weather stations for the time each stand was believed to have burned. The accuracy of predicted mortality (percent basal area) with different weather scenarios was evaluated for all stands, by forest type group, and by major tree species using mean error, mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE). One of the representative weather scenarios, Mean Wind, had the lowest mean error (4%) in predicted mortality, but performed poorly in some forest types, which contributed to a relatively high RMSE of 48% across all stands. Driven in large part by over-prediction of modelled flame length on steeper slopes, the greatest over-prediction mortality errors arose in the scenarios with higher winds and lower fuel moisture. Our results also indicated that fuel moisture was a stronger influence on post-fire mortality than wind speed. Our results suggest that using representative weather can improve accuracy of mortality predictions when attempting to model over a wide range of forest types. Focusing simulations exclusively on extreme conditions, especially with regard to wind speed, may lead to over-prediction of tree mortality from fire.

Immediate tree uprooting after retention-felling in a coniferous boreal forest in Fennoscandia

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 3167-3172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harri Hautala ◽  
Ilkka Vanha-Majamaa
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Tree Retention ◽  
Green Tree Retention ◽  
Coniferous Boreal Forest ◽  
Tree Uprooting ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Continuum

We studied the immediate effects of retention-felling on the occurrence of tree uprooting in two different types of boreal spruce forest in Finland to determine whether susceptibility to uprooting is dependent on the biotope. During the first post-treatment year, 7.1% of the trees in the paludified forest type and 1.8% in the upland forest type were uprooted. During the 2 following post-treatment years, uprooting percentages increased considerably (39.3% in the paludified type and 11.5% in the upland type in year 2; 48.3% in the paludified type and 15.2% in the upland type in year 3). Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), the dominant species in both forest types, was the species most susceptible to uprooting. The high uprooting rate in the paludified groups was probably caused by an interaction between the rocky ground and moist overlying peat layer with the shallow root system of P. abies. As paludified forest biotopes are generally recognized to have high biodiversity, the use of green-tree retention in these biotypes may enhance the continuum and survival of sensitive species. Moreover, because of the high level of uprooting, green-tree retention in paludified forest types can quickly and more naturally help restore levels of coarse woody debris.

Assessment of Disturbances across Forest Inventory Plots in the Southeastern United States for the Period 1995–2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh K Ojha ◽  
Kozma Naka ◽  
Luben D Dimov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Forest Inventory And Analysis ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Structure And Functions

Abstract Disturbances of varying frequency and intensity shape the species composition, stand structure, and functions of forests. This study assessed the frequency and distribution of disturbances caused by eight agents (insects, diseases, fire, animals, weather, other vegetation, human, and unknown) in the forests of the southeastern United States from 1995 to 2018. We used data from 88,722 inventory measurements of 33,531 plots from the USDA Forest Inventory and Analysis database to assess disturbance among different forest types and to different canopy strata. Disturbances were detected in approximately 14 percent of the plots, located mostly in pine-dominated forest types. Fire was the most frequent disturbance agent (occurring 6 percent of the time), followed by weather and animal agents. The agents that caused the highest mortality rate during the period for saplings were silvicultural treatments (8.6 percent), other vegetation (5.6 percent), and fire (4.4 percent), whereas for trees they were silvicultural treatments (9.8 percent), weather (1.9 percent) and insects (1.7 percent). The forest type that appeared to have been most affected by disturbances was longleaf–slash pine of the Coastal Plain. These results are useful for understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of disturbance events in different southeastern forest types and locations and for guiding forest management activities to mitigate potential impacts.

Belowground biomass dynamics in the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector: recent improvements and implications for the estimation of NPP and NEP

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Li ◽  
Werner A Kurz ◽  
Michael J Apps ◽  
Sarah J Beukema
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Budget Model ◽  
Carbon Budget Model

In the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS2), root biomass and dynamics are estimated using regression equations based on the literature. A recent analysis showed that some of these equations might overestimate belowground net primary production (NPPB). The objectives of this study were to update the compilation of root biomass and turnover data, to recalculate the regression equations and to evaluate the impact of the new equations on CBM-CFS2 estimates of net primary production (NPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP). We updated all equations based on 635 pairs of aboveground and belowground data compiled from published studies in the cold temperate and boreal forests. The new parameter for the equation to predict total root biomass for softwood species changed only slightly, but the changes for hardwood species were statistically significant. A new equation form, which improved the accuracy and biological interpretation, was used to predict fine root biomass as a proportion of total root biomass. The annual rate of fine root turnover was currently estimated to be 0.641 of fine root biomass. A comparison of NPP estimates from CBM-CFS2 with results from field measurements, empirical calculations and modeling indicated that the new root equations predicted reasonable NPPB values. The changes to the root equations had little effect on NEP estimates.

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