ENFOR - Energy from the forest

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Peter Hall ◽  
J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Energy Delivery ◽  
Carbon Budget Model ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Rotation Crops ◽  
Energy Plantations ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting

The ENFOR program, in effect since 1978, is reviewed in light of its objectives and accomplishments. ENFOR has made a difference in forest science and our knowledge and understanding of forest biomass production and the technology to increase the use of forest bioenergy. ENFOR successes include the Forest Biomass Inventory of Canada; the FORCYTE Model; the understanding of whole-tree harvesting/nutrient cycling; the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector; and the development and testing of species, clones, and production technologies for energy plantations. The promotion of the program through various types of technology transfer in the field is a major success. ENFOR and its successor programs will strive for closer cooperation and integration of forest bioenergy activities and energy delivery systems, which should increase the supply of forest biomass while contributing to the reduction of environmental stress. Key words: bioenergy, short rotation crops

scholarly journals Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment of Arable Crop Production Technologies Compared to Different Harvesting Work Systems in Short Rotation Energy Plantations

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
András Polgár ◽  
Zoltán Kovács ◽  
Veronika Elekné Fodor ◽  
András Bidló
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Environmental Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Energy Plantations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rotation Energy

Abstract Environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) was developed as a tool for sustainable, decision-supporting environmental management. Applying agricultural sector-LCA in order to achieve both internal (comparative) and external (efficiency enhancing) benefits is a priority. Since the life-cycle assessment of products and processes attracts great interest, applying the method in agriculture is relevant. Our study undertakes a comparative environmental life-cycle assessment (LCA) of local arable crop production technologies used for the main cultivated plants: maize, sunflower, lucerne, cereals, and canola (environmental data in the territorial approach calculated on a 1 ha unit and in the quantitative approach calculated on 1 t of produce). We prepared an environmental inventory of the arable crop production technologies, constructed the life-cycle models, and executed the impact assessment. We also compiled an environmental ranking of technologies. In the impact interpretation, we compared the results with the values of short rotation energy plantations in each impact category. We analysed carbon footprints closely. The obtained results help better assess environmental impacts, climate risks, and climate change as they pertain to arable crop production technologies, which advances the selection of appropriate technologies adjusted to environmental sensitivities.

scholarly journals Using the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS3) to examine the impact of harvest and fire on carbon dynamics in selected forest types of the Canadian Boreal shield

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (04) ◽  
pp. 426-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Luckai ◽  
G.R. Larocque ◽  
L. Archambault ◽  
D. Paré ◽  
R. Boutin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Budget Model ◽  
Carbon Budget Model ◽  
Fire Disturbances ◽  
Shallow Soils ◽  
The Impact

The objective of the study was to assess the responsiveness of the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS3) to management scenarios that included three rotation lengths (50, 100 and 250 years) under harvest and fire disturbances in six forest types (poplar deep soil, black spruce deep soil, jack pine deep and shallow soils, hardwood mixedwood and other conifer lowland). Outputs from five carbon (C) pools were considered: merchantable stemwood (stump height of 30 cm, minimum DBH of 9 cm and a minimum top diameter of 7 cm), deadwood, soil C, total ecosystem C and cumulative total ecosystem C emissions. Yield curves strongly affected the predicted size of all five pools. Longer rotation lengths led to larger pools with the relative differences between rotation lengths varying with stand types. Pools associated with poplar were usually the largest while those of jack pine on shallow sites were generally the smallest. When compared to the starting point of the simulations, cumulative total ecosystem C and C emissions increased with the 100- and 250-year harvest rotations (HARV100 and HARV250, respectively) and declined with the 50-year harvest rotation (HARV50). Fire disturbances resulted in stable pools of cumulative ecosystem C and declines in C emissions. CBM-CFS3 provided realistic pool values but the authors suggest further development of the model depiction of ecosystem processes, especially with respect to the treatment of respiration. In general, the authors recommend that forest management planners consider using an integrated approach that links multiple proven and accepted models under appropriate model linking software.

A practical approach for assessing the sensitivity of the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS3)

2008 ◽  
Vol 219 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 373-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas White ◽  
Nancy Luckai ◽  
Guy R. Larocque ◽  
Werner A. Kurz ◽  
Carolyn Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Budget Model ◽  
Carbon Budget Model

Belowground biomass dynamics in the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector: recent improvements and implications for the estimation of NPP and NEP

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Li ◽  
Werner A Kurz ◽  
Michael J Apps ◽  
Sarah J Beukema
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Budget Model ◽  
Carbon Budget Model

In the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS2), root biomass and dynamics are estimated using regression equations based on the literature. A recent analysis showed that some of these equations might overestimate belowground net primary production (NPPB). The objectives of this study were to update the compilation of root biomass and turnover data, to recalculate the regression equations and to evaluate the impact of the new equations on CBM-CFS2 estimates of net primary production (NPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP). We updated all equations based on 635 pairs of aboveground and belowground data compiled from published studies in the cold temperate and boreal forests. The new parameter for the equation to predict total root biomass for softwood species changed only slightly, but the changes for hardwood species were statistically significant. A new equation form, which improved the accuracy and biological interpretation, was used to predict fine root biomass as a proportion of total root biomass. The annual rate of fine root turnover was currently estimated to be 0.641 of fine root biomass. A comparison of NPP estimates from CBM-CFS2 with results from field measurements, empirical calculations and modeling indicated that the new root equations predicted reasonable NPPB values. The changes to the root equations had little effect on NEP estimates.

scholarly journals Carbon estimation using sampling to correct LiDAR-assisted enhanced forest inventory estimates

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingbing Chen ◽  
John A. Kershaw ◽  
Yung-Han Hsu ◽  
Ting-Ru Yang
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Light Detection And Ranging ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Ratio Estimator ◽  
Standing Tree ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Carbon Budget Model

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) scanning has been increasingly applied in forest ecosystem surveys. Data from LiDAR describe forest structure and provide attribute information for forest inventory. These attributes can potentially aid in the estimation of biomass and carbon by providing sampling covariates. Therefore, this study explored the accuracy of estimating carbon storage by calibrating LiDAR attributes using list sampling with a ratio estimator. Standing tree carbon and down woody debris carbon were estimated across 10 broad forest types. LiDAR-derived gross total volume was used as a listing factor and big BAF samples to collect field data. Gross total volumes were “corrected” using a ratio estimator. The results show that standing tree carbon was 58.5 Mg C × ha-1 (± 2.9% SE), and dead woody debris carbon 1.8 Mg C × ha-1 (± 7.2% SE). With the exception of one forest type, these estimates were comparable to those derived from the carbon budget model of the Canadian forest sector (CBM-CFS3).

Estimation of root biomass and dynamics for the carbon budget model of the Canadian forest sector

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1973-1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner A. Kurz ◽  
Sarah J. Beukema ◽  
Michael J. Apps
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Budget Model ◽  
Carbon Budget Model ◽  
Hardwood Species

Root biomass is expected to contribute significantly to total ecosystem carbon (C) pools and their dynamics. A method for estimating belowground biomass pools and their dynamics was developed for application in the carbon budget model of the Canadian forest sector (CBM-CFS2). Root biomass data for temperate and boreal softwood and hardwood species were compiled from the literature. Total root biomass for softwood and hardwood species was estimated using regression models that incorporate total aboveground biomass as the independent variable. Fine root biomass was estimated as a proportion of total root biomass using a single regression model for softwood and hardwood species combined. A regression model to estimate annual fine root production was derived for softwood and hardwood species. In the CBM-CFS2, net increments of total biomass were estimated using empirical growth functions to predict aboveground biomass. The regression models developed in this study were then used to predict the corresponding root biomass. Total root production was calculated as the sum of net increments, i.e., the change in root biomass per hectare plus annual turnover. The application of this approach to estimate root biomass pools and their dynamics in the CBM-CFS2 is demonstrated. As with all regression models that are developed from regional databases, this approach should not be used to predict root biomass and dynamics of an individual forest ecosystem, because the influence of species, site, and stand characteristics may lead to significant deviations from the regional averages.

Energieholzproduktion in Mittel- und Nieder-wäldern der Schweiz | Energy Wood Production in Coppice With Standards and Coppice Forests in Switzerland

1999 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Bettina Bally
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Energy Wood ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Energy Plantations ◽  
Coppice With Standards

Coppice with standards and coppice forests are the result of silvicultural systems widely applied until the mid-twentieth century, mainly for fuel production. Similar to energy plantations in Scandinavia and Germany the above-mentioned systems are characterised by a short rotation. The present paper tries to show that, owing to efficient logging methods, energy wood can be produced from coppice and coppice with standards forests so cheaply that it proves to be highly competitive compared to oil. The economic value of coppice and coppice with standards was calculated on the basis of models and compared to high forest cultivation. Contrary to high forests, the coppice with standards system is cost-covering on poor, well developed and easily accessible sites.

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