scholarly journals Ambrosia Beetles: A Multimillion Dollar Degrade Problem of Sawlogs in Coastal British Columbia

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McLean
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
The Future ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Ambrosia beetle degrade of sawlogs processed through the Vancouver log market in 1980/81 is calculated to be C$63.7 million. Similar losses can be expected in the future unless there are major changes in log inventory management. Gnathotrichus sulcatus was shown to penetrate Douglas-fir and western hemlock logs 3 cm and 8 cm respectively. The comparable figures for Trypodendron lineatum are 3 cm and 4 cm respectively. Factors that lead to the build up of ambrosia beetle populations in forest settings and processing areas must be identified to ensure maximum clearwood yield from logs.

Factors Influencing the Distribution of Overwintering Ambrosia Beetles, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.)

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 746-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. A. Dyer ◽  
J. M. Kinghorn
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Selection Of

Previous work by Kinghorn and Chapman (1959) has shown that in coastal British Columbia, the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum hibernates in the forest litter or duff at various distances within forest edges in the vicinity of brood logs. It was pointed out that further study was required to determine the characteristics of the optimum hibernation sites. It was mentioned that stand density, shade, aspect, slope, and the nature of the duff might be factors controlling the selection of the place of hibernation. The base of trees and the relatively deeper duff, characteristic of this situation, was reported to be the location of the larger populations of hibernating beetles although the level of population was found to vary greatly both from tree to tree and in depth within different forest edges.

Attack and Brood Production of Ambrosia Beetles in Logging Debris

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 624-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. A. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Brood Production ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Breeding Place ◽  
Extensive Damage

AbstractThe ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.), causes extensive damage to logs in coastal British Columbia. The logging debris or slash felled in the autumn has been found to be an important breeding place for these beetles. The shaded sides of the larger pieces of slash sustained the greatest attacks and produced the most brood. The population increased about four-fold as a result of breeding in slash and this increase was estimated to be more than one quarter of a million beetles per acre on the areas investigated. A very large population of these beetles can develop each year in districts where autumn and winter felling is in progress.

Seasonal Variation of Stump Infection by Fomes Annosus in Coastal British Columbia

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Morrison ◽  
A. L. S. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Cut Stumps

Susceptibility of fresh-cut stumps of western hemlock, amabilis fir, Douglas-fir and Sitka spruce to infection via Fomes annosus (Fr.) Karst. spores was determined at 12 consecutive monthly intervals. Over 40% of the amabilis fir, western hemlock, Douglas-fir and Sitka spruce stumps became infected throughout the year when inoculated with a basidiospore suspension. Airborne spore infection of amabilis fir was high (> 80%) throughout the year; infection of Douglas-fir was lower during the summer, whereas infection of hemlock was lower during the fall and winter. Excepting amabilis fir, natural airborne spore inoculum resulted in a lower percentage stump infection than when the stumps were inoculated with basidiospores.

Relative Abundance of Ambrosia Beetles in an Old-Growth Western Hemlock/Pacific Silver Fir Forest and Adjacent Harvesting Areas

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. McLean ◽  
Scott M. Salom
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Mature Forest ◽  
Large Numbers

Abstract Semiochemical-baited multiple-funnel traps were set out in two new logging areas and in mature forest on northeastern Vancouver Island near Kelsey Bay, British Columbia. The large numbers of ambrosia beetles captured indicated that Trypodendron lineatum and Gnathotrichus sulcatus are distributed along logging rights-of-way as well as in the surrounding forest. Results suggest that logs must be removed as soon as possible after felling in order to minimize degrade of the logs and to prevent the transport of ambrosia beetles from the harvesting areas to dryland sorting areas, booming grounds, and sawmills. West. J. Appl. For. 4(4):132-136, October 1989.

A new Nitschkia on western conifers and its probable microconidial state

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (20) ◽  
pp. 2113-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Funk
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Species ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Nitschkia molnarii (Ascomycetes: Nitschkiaceae), is described from Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) in coastal British Columbia, Canada. A microconidial state closely associated with the ascocarps is described, but not separately named.

Semiochemical-based integrated pest management of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in British Columbia’s forest industry: implemented in 1982 and still running

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
John H. Borden ◽  
Eveline Stokkink
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Tolerable Level

AbstractThree species of ambrosia beetles (Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier), Gnathotrichus sulcatus (LeConte), and G. retusus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)) have been estimated to cause annual losses of $95–$189 million in degrade of logs and lumber on the British Columbia coast, in Canada. A consultant-run semiochemical-based integrated pest management programme was implemented in 1982 against these beetles, following fulfilment of four prerequisites: (1) presence of receptive potential clients, (2) availability of semiochemical lures, (3) invention of an operational trap, and (4) proof of concept of mass trapping technology. The programme is based on two broad strategies: maintain the problem at a tolerable level and, if necessary, reduce the problem to a tolerable level. One measure of effectiveness over 12 years of mass trapping at a dryland sort near Sooke, on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, was 16.4 million beetles trapped and an estimated five to one benefit-to-cost ratio. Despite success, several factors have conspired to reduce the programme from 50 sites serviced in early years to 7 in 2018. Timber companies in British Columbia are currently showing renewed interest and are taking steps to incorporate the integrated pest management programme as a formal component of their overall operations.

scholarly journals Estimating the Number of Filled Seeds per Cone of Western Hemlock from Coastal British Columbia

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
M. D. Meagher
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
The Face ◽  
Predetermined Level ◽  
Exponential Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Filled Seeds

Abstract Unopened western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) cones from coastal British Columbia were tested for the relationship between total filled seeds per cone and the number of sound seeds exposed by slicing through the center of the cone's long axis, and with cone length. Predictive linear relationships of total number of filled seeds per cone (TFS), based on number of filled seeds cut on the face through the cone's long axis (CC), were found in a cone sample bulked from a number of trees. The regression based on CC explained about 63% of the variation in TFS. More accurate estimates of TFS were found where cone length, and exponential factors of CC and cone length, were included in the analysis. Analyses of cones from seven parents did not find statistically significant trends of TFS on CC in all cases, and differed in slope in most cases. Sample sizes (cones) to estimate TFS to a predetermined level of precision were much larger than cones needed to accept or reject a tree for study. West. J. Appl. For. (11)2:44-49.

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