Kajian Entomologi dalam Mendukung Pengendalian Malaria melalui Program Flying Health Care (FHC) di Kabupaten Yahukimo, Provinsi Papua

Flying Health Care is one of the programs of the Ministry of Health to accelerate the elimination of malaria in an integrated manner, especially in the Yahukimo Regency. The purpose of this activity is to describe the role of entomological aspects in malaria control efforts. The data includes cases of malaria, mosquitoes and Anopheles larvae, breeding place, and vector control efforts. Data was collected by observation, survey, and secondary data analysis. The results of the study show that malaria cases rank first out of 10 diseases in health facilities. Malaria cases were more common occurred at the age of 10-19 years, male and near to health facilities. Breeding places in the form of swamps and puddles in the environment around patients with water depths ranging from 5-30 cm. There is no entomological data at the district level or at Puskesmas Aplim. Ongoing vector control efforts are in the form of distributing insecticide-treated mosquito nets. Insecticide mosquito nets have not been fully distributed to the community, this is constrained by the existing infrastructure in health care facilities. Vector control efforts should be supported by the results of entomological surveys and it is important to do socialization on how to use and maintain mosquito nets at the time of mosquito net distribution.

Characteristic differences between breeding places with and without Culex sp. larvae on lymphatic filariasis patient surroundings in an endemic area

Brebes Regency is one of the Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) endemic areas in Central Java Province, Indonesia. Ketanggungan Subdistrict, Bantarkawung Subdistrict and Paguyangan Subdistrict have the highest case numbers. Culex sp. is one of the vectors of LF in Java, Indonesia. This study was conducted to obtain information about the characteristics of the breeding places for Culex sp. in the area where people with LF live. The finding could be used as information with facts for society. It was a descriptive quantitative study with an observational design. The observation was conducted in a radius of 200 meters around the settlements of LF (15 patients) in three sub-districts in the Brebes Regency. Observed and measured data were larval density, water acidity, air temperature, air humidity, water flow, prominent flora presence, and prominent fauna presence. The breeding places observed were puddles, rivers, and sewers. Puddles and sewers with no aquatic animals were observed positively for the presence of Culex sp. larvae. The most preferred breeding place for Culex sp. in the study area were uncovered sewers.

Impact of Climate Change on Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Tropical Countries: A Literature Review

Introduction: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a zoonotic disease that is most wary because the cases reported by WHO increased quite drastically from 2.4 million cases to 5.2 million cases in 2010-2019 globally. In 2020, the DHF rate increased by 953,476, and the majority occurred in tropical countries. In response to this, WHO emphasized that climate and weather variables can play an important role in predicting the DHF outbreak. This article was written to find out the impact of climate change on the incidence of DHF. Discussion: The literature review method was used in writing this article by utilizing article searches in online databases, namely PubMed, DOAJ, Proquest, and Science Direct. Amount 11 articles related to the title have been selected as literacy materials. Climatic variables consisting of temperature, rainfall, and humidity have the potential to increase the incidence of DHF. Conclusion: It can be concluded that climate change indicators can affect the breeding place of the Aedes aegypty, making the various incidence of DHF cases in tropical or subtropical countries. This can be an early warning for each region always to carry out active surveillance in detecting the risk of increasing DHF cases in certain weather.

Spatial Analysis of Environmental Factors with the Existence of Filariasis Vectors in Brebes Regency

Introduction: Ketanggungan District is one of the endemic filariasis areas in Brebes Regency since 2016 with a Microfilaria Rate >1%. Filariasis is an infectious disease that attacks the lymph nodes caused by filarial worms and is transmitted by mosquitoes. Environmental factors can affect the transmission of filariasis, which will provide a resting place and breeding place for mosquitoes. Therefore, this research aimed to describe the existence of filariasis vectors and environmental factors that can be seen spatially.Methods: The research was a descriptive observational/ exploratory study using the Geographical Information System (GIS) approach. Data collection was carried out by entomological surveys, subject points sampling, and research objects using GPS. Data were analyzed spatially by Geographic Information Systems (GIS).Results: Culex quinquefasciatus was the type of mosquito which had the highest distribution in the Karangmalang District. The mosquitos were found at sewers, puddles, shrubs, and cattle pens. The vectors can be found within a distance of 29 m to 2 km from filariasis cases.Conclusion: Culex quinquefasciatus may be the vector of filariasis in the Ketanggungan District, with the most environmental factors found in Dukuhturi Village.

Memilah Memilih dan Mengolah Sampah Rumah Tangga [Organik-An Organik : Palstik, Logam, Kertas] Bersama Kader Pendamping Tanggap Bocah di Kecamatan Sleman

Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue sangat erat kaitannya dengan faktor lingkungan, yaitu tersedianya tempat berkembangbiak (breeding place) vektor nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Sampah yang paling berbahaya adalah sampah anorganik, hal ini dikarenakan sampah jenis ini sulit diurai oleh bakteri atau dekomposer. Salah satu sampah anorganik yang membutuhkan penanganan khusus dalam mengelola dan mengolahnya adalah sampah plastik. Sifat dari sampah plastik adalah tidak mudah diurai, proses pengelolaannya menimbulkan toksik dan bersifat karsinogenik serta membutuhkan waktu yang sangat lama untuk bisa terurai secara alamiah. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang cara mengelola sampah plastik rumah tangga yang dihasilkan kepada anak-anak anggota Tanggap Bocah melalui kader pendamping Tanggap Bocah di Kecamatan Sleman Kabupaten Sleman Yogyakarta. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat di Puskesmas Sleman dilakukan di wilayah Desa Trimulyo yang merupakan bagian dari wilayah kerjanya. Kegiatan berlangsung dengan lancar dan sukses. Pengetahuan peserta semakin bertambah dengan diberikannya materi penyuluhan ini, hal ini dibuktikan dengan sesi diskusi pada akhir kegiatan dengan memberikan pertanyaan pemicu peserta mampu menjelaskan untuk materi intinya. Kelanjutan pembinaan dan pemantauan terhadap kader dan anggota tanggap bocah diserahkan kepada pihak Puskesmas. Tindak lanjut dari kegiatan ini adalah kader pendamping melakukan pelatihan dan penyampaian infromasi kepada anggota Tanggap Bocah di wilayahnya masing-masing.---The incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is closely related to environmental factors, namely the availability of breeding grounds for the Aedes aegypti mosquito vector. The most dangerous waste is inorganic waste, this is caused by the type of waste that is difficult to decompose or decompose. One of the inorganic waste that requires special handling in managing and processing is plastic waste. The nature of plastic waste is that it is not easy to decompose, the management process is toxic and carcinogenic and takes a very long time to decompose naturally. This activity aims to increase knowledge about how to manage household plastic waste generated for the children of Tanggap Bocah members through the assistant cadres of Tanggap Bocah in Sleman District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. Community service activities at the Sleman Health Center are carried out in the Trimulyo Village area which is part of its working area. The activity went smoothly and successfully. The knowledge of the participants was increased by the provision of this counseling material, this was evidenced by the discussion session at the end of the activity by asking questions that triggered the participants to be able to explain the material. Continuing coaching and monitoring of cadres and responsive members are left to the Puskesmas. The follow-up to this activity is for the companion cadres to conduct training and deliver information to the members of Responding Bocah in their respective areas.

Indeks Entomologi Vektor Nyamuk Aedes spp di Daerah Endemis Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Kecamatan Tanjungpinang Timur Kota Tanjungpinang Provinsi Kepulauan Riau

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is still a health problem in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the vector entomology index of Aedes spp mosquitoes in dengue endemic areas in the East Tanjungpinang District, Tanjungpinang City. The study was conducted in January-March 2020 with a cross sectional method. The research locations in DHF endemic areas are Batu 9 and Bulang villages. Entomological data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the value of the House index for Batu 9 was 45% and Kampung Bulang was 38.8%. The Containteir index value is 12.6% in Batu 9 and Kampung Bulang. The Breteau index value in Kelurahan Batu 9 was 76% and Kampung Bulang was 68%, while the Larva free rate in Batu 9 was 55% and 61% in Kampung Bulang Village. Density of dengue vector larvae based on HI, CI and BI in both DHF endemic villages is on a scale of 4-7 and is included in the medium and high risk categories. This explains that the entomological index in East Tanjungpinang District is still low, so it is necessary to control Aedes spp larvae by draining the bath, closing water storage, conducting mosquito nest eradication, and burying used goods so that they do not become a breeding place for DHF vectors.

Karakteristik Fisik, Kimia, Dan Biologi Tempat Perindukan Potensial Larva Anopheles Sp. Dan Indeks Habitat Di Desa Sukamaju Kecamatan Punduh Pidada Kabupaten Pesawaran

ABSTRACT: PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POTENTIAL FARMING PLACE OF LARVA Anopheles sp. AND HABITAT INDEX IN SUKAMAJU VILLAGE DISTRICT PUNDUH PIDADA PESAWARAN DISTRICT Background: Malaria is an infectious disease transmitted through mosquitoes and has become a health problem both in the world and Indonesia especially in Lampung. The population of the malaria vector is strongly influenced by the location of the breeding place. Purpose: Knowing the Physical, Chemical, and Biological Characteristics of Potential Breeding Places for Anopheles Sp. and Habitat Index in Sukamaju Village, Punduh District, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province, 2020. Methods: This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional study research design. The physical characteristics have done by measuring temperature and water depth, the chemical characteristics by measuring pH and water salinity, and the biological characteristics by looking at organisms found at the sampling site. As well as calculating the habitat index. Results: The physical characteristics of the brooding sites have an average water temperature of 31.33 ° C and an average water depth of 25.840 cm. Chemical characteristics of brooding sites mean 2.4280 ‰ of water salinity, and most of the acidity (pH) of water is acidic. The biological characteristics of breeding sites are mostly water and plant predators. Habitat index obtained a value of 1%.Conclusion: That these places have the potential to transmit malaria. Keywords: Anopheles sp., breeding place, malaria INTISARI: KARAKTERISTIK FISIK, KIMIA, DAN BIOLOGI TEMPAT PERINDUKAN POTENSIAL LARVA Anopheles sp. DAN INDEKS HABITAT DI DESA SUKAMAJU KECAMATAN PUNDUH PIDADA KABUPATEN PESAWARAN Latar Belakang : Malaria merupakan penyakit infeksi yang ditularkan melalui nyamuk dan telah menjadi masalah kesehatan baik di dunia maupun di Indonesia khususnya di daerah Lampung. Populasi vektor malaria sangat dipengaruhi oleh lokasi tempat perindukannya. Tujuan : Mengetahui Karakteristik Fisik, Kimia, dan Biologi Tempat Perindukan Potensial Nyamuk Anopheles Sp. dan Indeks Habitat Di Desa Sukamaju Kecamatan Punduh Kabupaten Pesawaran Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2020. Metode : Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Karakteristik fisik dilakukan dengan mekukur suhu dan kedalaman air, karakteristik kimia dengan mengukur pH dan salinitas air, dan karakteristik biologi dengan melihat organisme yang ditemukan di tempat pengambilan sampel. Serta melakukan penghitungan indeks habitat. Hasil : Karakteristik fisik pada tempat perindukan rata-rata suhu air 31,33°C, dan rata-rata kedalaman air 25,840 cm. Karakteristik Kimia pada tempat perindukan rata-rata salinitas air 2,4280‰, dan sebagian besar derajat keasaman (pH) air adalah asam. Karakteristik Biologi pada tempat perindukan sebagian besar terdapat predator air dan tumbuhan. Indeks habitat didapatkan nilai 1%. Kesimpulan : Bahwa tempat-tempat tersebut berpotensi untuk penularan penyakit malaria. Kata Kunci : Anopheles sp., malaria, tempat perindukan

ENTOMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN DENGUE VECTOR AEDES AEGYPTI LARVAE FROM BENGKULU CITY, INDONESIA

In Bengkulu, as in other areas of Indonesia, dengue is one of the most important vector-borne diseases. The primary strategy to control dengue is by reducing the vector population using insecticides. However, applications of insecticides becomes a contributing factor in the development of vector resistance. As there is no effective dengue drug or safe vaccine available, vector control remains the most effective intervention to reduce incidence and prevent transmission and outbreak. This study aimed to determine the entomological parameters and resistance status to temephos of Aedes aegypti larvae from Lingkar Barat village and Jalan Gedang village (dengue endemic areas). This study used cross-sectional and experimental with post-control only design. The sampling refers to the guidelines for dengue entomology surveys according to WHO 1999 criteria. Aedes aegypti eggs were collected by ovitraps and reared to larvae stage. Susceptibility test of larvae to the temephos was estimated using standard WHO. Mortality of larvae Ae. aegypti after 24 hours with multiple concentration of temephos indicative of highly resistant. Entomological parameters for house index (HI), container index (CI) and container pupa index (CPI) in Jalan Gedang village and Lingkar Barat village were estimated: 7%, 12% for HI and 1.97%, 3.43% for CI, and 5%, 2% for CPI, respectively. The proportion of controllable sites is higher than disposable sites, it has a high risk as breeding places for mosquitoes indicates a high potential risk as breeding place and transmission of dengue. Awareness sanitation in the home and surrounding environment must be possessed by each individual community in order to prevent and overcome the incidence of dengue. These data should be of value in formulating dengue control programs.

Hubungan Karakteristik Penjamu dan Breeding Place dengan Kejadian DBD Di Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai

Penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue, ditularkan oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai merupakan daerah endemis DBD. Pada tahun 2019 jumlah kasus DBD sebanyak 183 kasus dengan 1 kasus meninggal (Incidence Rate 29,6 per 100.000 penduduk dan CFR = 0,5). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan karakteristik penjamu dan breeding place dengan kejadian demam berdarah dengue di Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai Tahun 2020. Metode penelitian adalah analitik observasional dengan desain case control. Sampel penelitian adalah anak yang berusia 0 bulan sampai 17 tahun yang berjumlah 84 orang. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan observasi. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square. Berdasarkan analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan kebiasaan memakai obat anti nyamuk (OR= 4,580), perilaku pemberantasan sarang nyamuk (OR = 3,100) dan keberadaan breeding place dengan (OR = 4,000). Sementara itu tidak ada hubungan umur dan jenis kelamin dengan kejadian DBD. Maka, dari hasil penelitian tersebut disarankan bagi masyarakat Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai agar selalu membiasakan memakai obat anti nyamuk di rumah namun tidak disarankan menggunakan obat anti nyamuk bakar dikarenakan tidak ramah lingkungan dan sebaiknya masyarakat menggunakan lotion anti nyamuk, elektrik, obat anti nyamuk semprot dan sebaiknya di rumah menggunakan kawat kasa. Mengurangi tempat penampungan air, menguras TPA secara rutin, dan melakukan pemberantasan sarang nyamuk seminggu sekali.

Keanekaragaman dan Kemelimpahan Burung Pemangsa (Raptor) Migran di Kawasan Bukit 76 Kaliurang, Yogyakarta

Migratory birds are birds that fly or move from their breeding place to their non-breeding location. Migratory birds usually migrate to the southern part of the earth or tropical regions to avoid limited resources during winter in their breeding areas (Bildstein, 2006). Bird of Prey or Raptors are a group of birds that frequently migrate. Raptors carry out-migration in several areas which are commonly referred to as flyways. Indonesia is also part of the flight path for migratory birds (Sukmantoro et al., 2007). At this time there were approximately 17 types of migrant raptors in Indonesia. Research on raptor migration has been carried out for a long time in various regions. In the Yogyakarta area, there have been observations of a migrant raptor, but there are no official publications and research on migrant raptor in the Bukit 76 Kaliurang area, Yogyakarta. Therefore this research was conducted to know about migratory raptor in Yogyakarta. This research was conducted at Bukit 76 Kaliurang, Hargobinangun, Pakem, Yogyakarta. The research was conducted in December 2019-March 2020, July-August 2020, and October-November 2020. This research was conductes through observations in the morning at 07.00-11.00 WIB using birdwatching techniques and purposive methods. The results of this study recorded 1 species of migrant raptor, namely the Oriental Honey-buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus) and 2 species of resident raptors, namely the Crested Serpent Eagle (Spilornis cheela) and the Brahminy Kite (Haliastur indus).