Managing forests to sustain biodiversity: Substituting accomplishment for motion

1998 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 822-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred L. Bunnell
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Habitat Distribution ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Forest Practices ◽  
Difficult Terrain ◽  
Operational Goal ◽  
Public Concerns

We are proceeding at great speed over difficult terrain, towards an unknown, unquantifiable goal. The speed reflects genuine public concerns and a sense of urgency. The difficult terrain reflects the complexity of forest practices. Moreover, forests are simultaneously the richest terrestrial ecosystems on earth and major contributors to social infrastructure. Slipperiness of the goal reflects the fact that biological diversity is not a thing, but a cluster of concepts. To a large extent we have substituted motion for accomplishment. To substitute accomplishment for motion I suggest five steps: 1) separate two big issues (how much old growth is enough and how we practice forestry); 2) create a credible, interim operational goal for biodiversity (it is possible); 3) confront the issue of habitat distribution (Canada is well positioned); 4) focus on total amount of habitat rather than its distribution (many concerns about the latter are mislead); and 5) slow down and think (the alternative is dangerous). Key words: biodiversity, forests, management, solutions

Operational criteria for sustainable forestry: focussing on the essence

1997 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred L. Bunnell
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Sustainable Forestry ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Operational Approach ◽  
Forest Practices ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
Public Concerns

Recent international agreements relating to forest practices are silent on operational criteria for sustainable forestry. Basic values to be sustained can be derived from the agreements. Goals for each value are presented that connect simply and directly with public concerns that inspired the agreements. For each goal a simple, relatively cheap means of monitoring is suggested that permits an operational approach. By focussing on the essence of international agreements, criteria for sustainable forestry are derived that are operational and scientifically credible, internationally credible, and socially responsible. Key words: criteria, forestry, sustainable

scholarly journals Konzepte, Instrumente und Herausforderungen bei der Förderung der Biodiversität im Wald | Concepts, instruments and challenges for the conservation of biodiversity in the forest

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Bollmann ◽  
Ariel Bergamini ◽  
Beatrice Senn-Irlet ◽  
Michael Nobis ◽  
Peter Duelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Linear Forest ◽  
Forest Practices ◽  
Conservation Projects

According to the forest law, the conservation of biological diversity is an integral part of the multifunctional forestry in Switzerland. To date, biodiversity conservation has mainly been addressed by sustainable and partly nature-close forest practices and the conservation of rare biotopes and single threatened species. Some studies show that this generally integrative approach cannot guarantee the persistence of the 32 000 known species, their genes and habitats in Switzerland. The deficits of highest concern are the low percentage of forest reserves, old-growth stands and deadwood, the dominance of uniform and dense stands and the high proportion of unstructured, linear forest edges. The total area of primary forests and nature forest reserves as well as special forest reserves that are managed in favour of a conservation target is below five percent. Besides, old-growth stands are missing more or less in forests dedicated for timber production. Here, we describe the major concepts and instruments (segregation, integration) for biodiversity conservation in forests. In a further step, we discuss the main challenges for this task by considering the accelerated demand for wood as renewable resource, the ongoing climate change and the increasing number of invasive species. We conclude that a strategy that links both, integrative and segregative instruments and measures and combines them with species conservation projects will be the best option to address ongoing problems of biodiversity conservation in forests. In addition, there is a need to scientifically identify the gaps in the network of forest reserves so as to complement the spectrum of protected forest habitats and their various organismic groups.

scholarly journals Patchiness in habitat distribution can enhance biological diversity of coastal engineering structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Cacabelos ◽  
Richard C. Thompson ◽  
Afonso C.L. Prestes ◽  
José Manuel N. Azevedo ◽  
Ana I. Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Coastal Engineering ◽  
Habitat Distribution ◽  
Engineering Structures

Cultivation of Hericium abietis on conifer sawdust

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1155-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoping Xiao ◽  
Bill Chapman
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Mushroom Cultivation ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest

Hericium abietis was isolated from a sporocarp collected near Quesnel Lake in the central interior of British Columbia and successfully cultivated indoors on conifer sawdust. Key words: Hericium abietis, mushroom cultivation, old growth forest.

scholarly journals Innovative forest practice agreements–What could be done that would be innovative

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Forest Practices ◽  
Forest Practice

The concept and implementation of sustainable development are resulting in seemingly impossible goals for policy-makers and practitioners. Sustainability, in terms of government policies, tends to mean something quite different than what it means to Aboriginal peoples. Sustainability to Aboriginal peoples is not just about the environment and development; it is about survival of their peoples. Because of the close link between the social and economic elements of sustainable forest management, policies for strengthening the economic development of the forest sector are unlikely to be successful in the long run when they do not integrate environmental, social and cultural concerns. Innovative forest practice agreements (IFPAs) and other forms of community-based tenures offer vehicles to do so something unconventional–alternative mechanisms and means by which to incorporate indigenous knowledge and values and to implement Article 8(j) of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Key words: Indigenous peoples, Sustainable Forest Management, Innovative Forest Practices, tenure arrangements, Article 8(j), Convention on Biological Diversity

scholarly journals Synthesizing knowledge of the Claybelt to promote sustainable forest management

2002 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Lefort ◽  
B Harvey ◽  
J Parton ◽  
G KM Smith
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Forest Practices

A review of the scientific literature relevant to the Claybelt region was undertaken under the initiative of Lake Abitibi Model Forest (LAMF) and in collaboration with the Canadian Forest Service, the Ontario and Quebec Ministries of Natural Resources and the NSERC-UQAT-UQAM (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council – Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue – Université du Québec à Montréal) Industrial Chair in Sustainable forest Management. The objective was to synthesize this information in order to develop better forestry practices and identify knowledge and research gaps. Forestry-related knowledge was gathered on six broad topics: i) natural disturbances, ii) forest ecosystems, iii) past and present forest practices, iv) biological diversity, v) forest management and vi) examples of current applications of natural disturbance-based forest management. The work allowed us to synthesize a large body of knowledge into one publication that will be a useful reference for foresters in both provinces. Key words: biodiversity, Claybelt, even-aged/uneven-aged forests, fire, silvicultural practices

scholarly journals Monitoring late-successional forest biodiversity in the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A.

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A Spies ◽  
Jon R Martin
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Monitoring Plan ◽  
Effectiveness Monitoring ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Old Growth Forests

The era of ecosystem management for federal forest lands in the Pacific Northwest began in 1994 with the adoption of the Northwest Forest Plan. This plan was designed to maintain and restore species and ecosystems associated with late successional and old-growth forests on over 10 million ha of federal lands in Washington, Oregon and California. The plan called for implementation monitoring, effectiveness monitoring, and validation monitoring for a variety of ecological and socio-economic components. Monitoring has become a central part of management of the federal forests in the region and managers and scientists have gained considerable experience in implementing this large and complex program. The components of the monitoring plan include late-successional/old growth vegetation, northern spotted owls, marbled murrelets, aquatic habitat and social conditions. The monitoring plan is strongly based on vegetation layer created with TM satellite imagery and on a regional grid of forest inventory plots. The lessons learned from the implementation of this monitoring plan include: 1) agencies need to devote considerable resources to insure that effective monitoring will occur at broad scales; 2) aggregation of local monitoring efforts is not a substitute for a designed regional monitoring plan; 3) vegetation structure and composition, measured with satellite imagery and inventory plots, is a cost-effective, broad-scale indicator of biological diversity; 4) some species, such as threatened and endangered species, are not necessarily covered with habitat approaches and may require population monitoring; 5) our scientific understanding of monitoring components will vary widely as will the approaches to data collection and analysis; 6) monitoring requires research support to develop and test metrics and biodiversity models; 7) links of monitoring to decision-making (adaptive management) are still being forged. Key words: aquatic ecosystems, endangered species, old-growth forests, Pacific Northwest, USA, regional ecosystem management

Species structure in Zambian miombo woodland

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Chidumayo
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Density ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Miombo Woodland ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTMiombo woodland in Zambia is divided into wetter and drier types by the 1100 mm mean rainfall isohyet. In the present study two wetter (Northern, Northwestern) and three drier (Central, Eastern, Western) miombo subtypes were recognized.A survey of the woody flora of 94 old-growth and 58 coppice stands in the five miombo subtypes revealed some significant differences in species diversity among them. The floristic differentiantion of miombo subtypes was best achieved by the use of the Shannon species diversity index (H′) and species density (number of species 0.1 ha−1 or 0.4 ha−1). H′ in miombo decreased from 2.247 in Northwestern to 2.136 in Northern, 2.052 in Eastern, 1.918 in Central and 1.824 in Western subtypes. Although species density was not significantly different between wetter miombo subtypes, this decreased in a similar fashion from 18.78 0.1 ha−1 in Northwestern to 18.30 in Northern, 16.65 in Eastern, 14.79 in Central and 12.29 in Western subtypes. The low species diversity in Western drier miombo was attributed to the combined effects of low soil fertility and rainfall.Although the mean number of species per 0.1 ha plot was higher in coppice samples, species richness (d) and index of diversity (H′) were lower than in old-growth samples. These results indicate lower species diversity in regenerating miombo. The dynamic aspects of species structure should therefore be considered in the future conservation of biological diversity in miombo woodland.

Man-made Forests for Deer: Challenge or Dilemma?

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
J. Brian Nyberg
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Habitat Requirements ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Winter Range ◽  
Intensive Forestry ◽  
The Future ◽  
Thermal Cover ◽  
Young Forests

As young forests in many areas of Canada enter the middle and later stages of their rotations, new concerns are arising overt the future of deer populations. Analysis of silvicultural impacts on deer habitat requirements indicates that the food, cover, and water needs of deer can be met in young forests, but that most uniformly treated stands will be lacking in one more components. Mosaics of young stands, each 20–40 ha in area and at different stages of management, will provide good habitat in many areas. In areas with snowy winters, however, deer need to find all habitat components much more closely interspersed. Key words: Deer, Odocoileus hemionus, habitat requirements, winter range, intensive forestry, immature stands, old-growth, thermal cover, security cover, forage, lichens, silviculture.

Is regulated even-aged management the right strategy for the Canadian boreal forest?

2004 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forests ◽  
Canadian Boreal Forest

Over the past decade, there has been an increasing interest in the development of forest management approaches that are based on an understanding of historical natural disturbance dynamics. The rationale for such an approach is that management to favour landscape compositions and stand structures similar to those of natural ecosystems should also maintain biological diversity and essential ecological functions. In fire-dominated landscapes, this approach is possible only if current and future fire frequencies are sufficiently low, in comparison to pre-industrial fire frequency, that we can substitute fire with forest management. I address this question by comparing current and future fire frequency to historical reconstruction of fire frequency from studies in the Canadian boreal forest. Current and simulated future fire frequencies using 2× and 3×CO2 scenarios are lower than the historical fire frequency for most sites, suggesting that forest management could potentially be used to recreate the forest age structure of fire-controlled pre-industrial landscapes. Current even-aged management, however, tends to reduce forest variability: for example, fully regulated, even-aged management will tend to truncate the natural forest stand age distribution and eliminate overmature and old-growth forests from the landscape. The development of silvicultural techniques that maintain a spectrum of forest compositions and structures at different scales in the landscape is one avenue to maintain this variability. Key words: boreal forest, even aged management, fire regime, old-growth forests, climate change, partial cutting

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