Species structure in Zambian miombo woodland

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Chidumayo
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Density ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Miombo Woodland ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTMiombo woodland in Zambia is divided into wetter and drier types by the 1100 mm mean rainfall isohyet. In the present study two wetter (Northern, Northwestern) and three drier (Central, Eastern, Western) miombo subtypes were recognized.A survey of the woody flora of 94 old-growth and 58 coppice stands in the five miombo subtypes revealed some significant differences in species diversity among them. The floristic differentiantion of miombo subtypes was best achieved by the use of the Shannon species diversity index (H′) and species density (number of species 0.1 ha−1 or 0.4 ha−1). H′ in miombo decreased from 2.247 in Northwestern to 2.136 in Northern, 2.052 in Eastern, 1.918 in Central and 1.824 in Western subtypes. Although species density was not significantly different between wetter miombo subtypes, this decreased in a similar fashion from 18.78 0.1 ha−1 in Northwestern to 18.30 in Northern, 16.65 in Eastern, 14.79 in Central and 12.29 in Western subtypes. The low species diversity in Western drier miombo was attributed to the combined effects of low soil fertility and rainfall.Although the mean number of species per 0.1 ha plot was higher in coppice samples, species richness (d) and index of diversity (H′) were lower than in old-growth samples. These results indicate lower species diversity in regenerating miombo. The dynamic aspects of species structure should therefore be considered in the future conservation of biological diversity in miombo woodland.

scholarly journals Seaweed Diversity and Conservation on the Warambadi Seashore of Sumba Island: Substrata and Seasonal Phenomenon

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Jana Tjahjana Anggadiredja
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
T Test ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Macro Algae

The interaction between species and species diversity with their growing habitats are essential in the conservation of species. This study deals with the diversity and conservation of seaweed (marine macro-algae) with the emphasis on substrata habitats (sandy and rocky shores) and seasonal conditions (rainy and dry seasons). The study was carried out on the Warambadi seashore of Sumba Island. The t-test analysis showed that the “species diversity index of algae” (H’) on both sandy and rocky substrata did not significantly different. The (H’) during both rainy and dry seasons on different substratum (sandy and rocky substrata) did not show any significant differences. The two-way anova analysis recorded that the (H’) and the number of algae species were not affected by the differences of both substrata and seasons, but it was significantly affected by the interaction between the types of substratum and season. The study also reported that the types of substrata and seasons affected the (H’) of Chlorophyceae but not by of their interaction, and the (H’) of Rhodophyceae was affected by the types of substratum and season but not by their interaction. Moreover, the types of substratum and season affected the (H’) of Phaeophycea, but their interaction did not affect such diversity index. Substrata and seasonal phenomenon also indicate that the types of substratum, season, and their interactions affected the number of species Chlorophyceae, Rhodophyceae, and Phaeophyceae.Keywords:  seaweed, diversity, conservation, substrata, season

scholarly journals Community of Seaweeds on Cemara Beach East Lombok

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Intan Mushlihah ◽  
Lalu Japa ◽  
I Gde Mertha ◽  
Ahmad Raksun
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Species Evenness ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Seaweed Species ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Evenness Index

Seaweeds (macroalgae) are a marine biological resource that have an important role in aquatic ecosystems and for society. The aim of this research was to determine community of seaweeds in Cemara Beach, East Lombok Regency.Data were collected at four observation points using a method of combinationof the line transect and quadrat. Seaweeds community data were analyzed using density parameters, important values, species diversity index, and species evenness index. The similarity percentage between transects was determined based on the Bray-Curtis cluster analysis using biodiversity program-version 2. In Cemara Beach there were 24 species of macroalgae which memberof 3 divisions, 11 orders and 15 families. Chlorophyta was a division with highest number of species. The number of species for Chlorophyta was 14 species, Rhodophyta division was 7 species, and Phaeophyta division 3 species. The species with highest density is Enteromorpha sp.,25.1 clumps/m2. Ulva lactuca is the species with the highest important value (72.69%). Diversity and evenness index in Cemara Beach seaweed species were 1,868 (medium category) and 0,699 (almost evenly distributed).The results of cluster analysis based on environmental parameters, species similarity and number of clumps of seaweed species, diversity index, and species evenness index indicate that seaweed in Cemara Beach can generally be divided into 2 groups.

Study on the Speices Biodiversity of Plantation Communities in Primary Korean Pine Forest

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1402-1410
Author(s):  
Li Zhou ◽  
Qing Ming Tang ◽  
Zhi Ying Wang ◽  
Ting Ting Sun
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Korean Pine Forest ◽  
The Rich

Species diversity was refers to the rich and colorful differences between biological communities in composition, structure, function and dynamic. In this paper, the 64 pieces of plant community samples as the foundation, From the different types and levels of richness and evenness and species diversity index of Liangshui Nature Reserve, three original Korean pine forest types: korean spruce-korean pine forest (HY); oak-korean pine forest (HZ); linden-korean pine forest (HD), two adjacent artificial forest types: birch pure forest (BH); larch pure forest (LY) studied, conclusions were as follows: vegetation community structure features survey were conducted to identificate 39 species of vasculat plant through analying community species composition which belonging to 32 genera of 22 families. The community species structure was analyed to find that Korean spruce–korean pine community and larch pure community were stable structure; oak-korean pine community was ageing structure. linden-korean pine community and birch pure community were growing structure. The Korean pine forest species richness and evenness no significant difference with artificial forests, species diversity indexes were significantly higher compared with the artificial forests, plant communities less be disturbed, community stability higher than artificial forests.

scholarly journals Phytocoenological characteristics of beech forests at locality Visoka Stena the third year after the wildfire on Vidlič mountain

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Ljubinko Rakonjac ◽  
Marija Marković ◽  
Biljana Nikolić ◽  
Aleksandar Lučić ◽  
Tatjana Ratknić
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
The Third ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Further Development

In this paper, the influence of wildfire on beech forests the third year after the fire at locality Visoka Stena on the Vidlič Mountain is followed. The results of field studies are presented in the form of phytocoenological table. The quantitative increase in the number of species diversity index in comparison to the previous two seasons was registered. Increasing number of woody and shrubby representatives of plants influences more favorable conditions for survival, germination, and further development of beech saplings in their shadows, which, with a greater wealth of nutrients in the soil than before the fire, are the good prerequisites for gradual natural regeneration of beech forests.

scholarly journals Carbon stocks of homestead forests have a mitigation potential to climate change in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarit Kumar Baul ◽  
Tajkera Akhter Peuly ◽  
Rajasree Nandi ◽  
Lars Holger Schmidt ◽  
Shyamal Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Homestead Forests ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Low Altitude

AbstractA total of 176 homestead forests at three altitudes in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh were randomly surveyed to estimate carbon (C) stocks and how stand structure affects the biomass C. All woody vegetations were measured, and litter and soil (0–30 cm depth) were sampled. The tree biomass C stock in the top two altitude forests was up to 37–48% higher than in low altitude, owing to significantly higher tree density and species diversity. An increase in species diversity index by one unit increased the biomass stock by 23 Mg C ha−1. The C stock of litterfall in low altitude forests was 22–28% higher than in the top two altitude due to the deposition of litters downslope and deliberate use of mulch for soil improvement and conservation, resulting in up to 5% higher total soil C. The topsoil C was 10–25% higher than the deeper soil, depending on the altitude. The forest stored 89 Mg C ha−1, indicating a potential for C sequestration in trees outside forest. This study would help policymakers to strengthen the recognition of small-scale forests for mitigation in REDD + (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks) and support owners through C credits from sustainably managed forests.

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS ANGGREK ALAM (Orchidaceae) BERDASARKAN KETINGGIAN TEMPAT DI GUNUNG POTENG CAGAR ALAM RAYA PASI KOTA SINGKAWANG PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novita Putri Sesar ◽  
Iskandar A M ◽  
Togar Fernando Manurung
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Medium Range

Natural orchids are one of the flora in Mount Poteng which is included of Raya Pasi Nature Reserve located at Singkawang City, West Kalimantan Province. Orchids have economic value for source of income and be beneficial to ecology that needs to be protected. The altitudes and environmental factors strongly affected the presence of orchid species.The research aims to record the diversity of natural orchids species based on the altitudes place in Mount Poteng. The research was conducted on February 28 until March 28, 2020. This research uses survey method. The research sample was taken using double plots method and to determine sample plots locations is conducted by purposive. The total number of the sample plots is 16 plots and each plot measure 20 by 50 meters. Based on the result of research found 19 species of natural orchids that consist of 348 individuals. The results analysis of the diversity index of orchid species in whole of altitudes at Mount Poteng is 1,338 that is included medium range. The highest species diversity index of 1,300 occurred at altitude of 400-500 m asl and the lowest species diversity index at altitude of 700-725 m asl that is 0,594. Orchid species which found in whole of altitudes is Dendrobium crumenatum. Furthermor, there were found the orchid species on certain heights are Cleisostoma scortechinii, Cordiglottis filiformis, Ludisia discolor, and Phalaenopsis pantherina at altitude of 400-500 m asl and species of Bromheadia finlaysoniana and Pomatocalpa latifolia found at altitude of 700-725 m asl.Keywords: altitudes, mount poteng, orchids, species diversity

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Pari Hasil Tangkapan Nelayan di TPI Karangantu Banten

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266
Author(s):  
Erreull Isyhadu Putri ◽  
◽  
Dinda Rizqi ◽  
Fenia Alya ◽  
Tia Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Interview Method

This study aims to determine the diversity of rays caught by fishermen in TPI Karangantu Banten. This research uses interview method and literature review. The discussion of the observations includes classification, habitat, characteristics, and conservation status. The results of this study indicate that there is a diversity of rays, namely the results of the families obtained from the observations are Rhinopteridae, Dasyatidae, and Gymnuridae). From the results of the calculation of the species diversity index using the Shannon Wiener formula, it is included in the medium category. This diversity can be used as knowledge and inventory for biodiversity, especially the chondrichthyes class in TPI Karangantu, Serang, Banten.

scholarly journals Phytoplankton Community Investigation and Water Quality Assessment of M River in winter in Shijiazhuang City

2021 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 01035
Author(s):  
Ziqi Zhang ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Dongxu Han ◽  
Hongyan Shen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Eutrophic Water ◽  
Evenness Index

An investigation of phytoplankton community and water quality for M River was conducted in December 2019.The results showed that 38 species of phytoplankton belonging to 6 phyla and 26 genera were collected. Among them, Bacillariophyta is the richest species, which accounted for 34.21%, followed by Cyanophyta with 26.32% and Chlorophyta with 28.95%. The density of phytoplankton was 63.0*106 inds/L which indicated as eutrophic water body. The highest density was Bacillariophyta, accounting for 51.03%. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) varied from 1.34 to 2.24, the Margalef Species diversity index (d) varied from 2.71 to 3.85, and the Pielou evenness index (J) varied from 0.38 to 0.67. According to the integrative analysis results of H’, d and J, M River water quality belongs to oligo-polluted, but individual sites belong to meso-polluted.

Geographic ranges of genera and their constituent species: structure, evolutionary dynamics, and extinction resistance

Paleobiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Foote ◽  
Kathleen A. Ritterbush ◽  
Arnold I. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Sampled Data ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Constituent Species ◽  
The Mean

AbstractWe explore the relationships among the geographic ranges of genera, the ranges and positions of their constituent species, and the number of species they contain, considering variation among coeval genera and changes within genera over time. Measuring range size as the maximal distance, or extent, between occurrences within a taxon, we find that the range of the most widespread species is a good predictor of the range of the genus, and that the number of species is a better predictor still. This analysis is complicated by a forced correlation: the range of a genus must be at least as large as that of each of its constituent species. We therefore focus on a second measure of range, the mean squared distance, or dispersion, of occurrences from the geographic centroid, which, by analogy to the analysis of variance, allows the total dispersion of a genus to be compared to the mean within-species dispersion and the dispersion among species centroids. We find that among-species dispersion is the principal determinant of genus dispersion. Within-species dispersion also plays a major role. The role of species richness is relatively small. Our results are not artifacts of temporal variation in the geographic breadth of sampled data. The relationship between changes in genus dispersion and changes in within- and among-species dispersion shows a symmetry, being similar in cases when the genus range is expanding and when it is contracting. We also show that genera with greater dispersion have greater extinction resistance, but that within- and among-species dispersion are not demonstrable predictors of survival once the dispersion of the genus is accounted for. Thus it is the range of the genus, rather than how it is attained, that is most relevant to its fate. Species richness is also a clear predictor of survival, beyond its effects on geographic range.

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