CFIRP: What we learned in the first ten years

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol L. Chambers ◽  
William C. McComb ◽  
John C. Tappeiner II ◽  
Loren D. Kellogg ◽  
Rebecca L. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Group Selection ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tree Retention ◽  
Green Tree Retention ◽  
Patch Group

In response to public dissatisfaction with forest management methods, we initiated the College of Forestry Integrated Research Project (CFIRP) to test alternative silvicultural systems in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands in western Oregon. We compared costs and biological and human responses among a control and three replicated silvicultural alternatives to clearcutting that retained structural features found in old Douglas-fir forests. Treatments were applied within 8- to 15-ha stands and attempted to mimic crown fires (modified clearcut), windthrow (green tree retention), and small-scale impacts such as root rot diseases (small patch group selection). We also compared costs in three unreplicated treatments (large patch group selection, wedge cut, and strip cut). Each treatment included differences in the pattern of retained dead trees (snags), as either scattered individuals or as clumps. Good communication among researchers and managers, a long-term commitment to the project, and careful documentation of research sites and data are important to the success of long-term silvicultural research projects. To date, over 30 publications have resulted from the project. Key words: alternative silviculture, data management, Douglas-fir, green tree retention, harvesting costs, human dimensions, Oregon, Pseudotsuga menziesii, recreation, wildlife

scholarly journals Adjacency to a harvest trail increases drought resistance of interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) in partially harvested stands in central British Columbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 809-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil P. Thompson ◽  
Kathy J. Lewis ◽  
Lisa M. Poirier
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Ring Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Drought tolerance of trees may be affected by competition, but most studies quantifying the relationship do not consider the effect of stem clustering. Trees are often clustered in interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Mayr) Franco) forests near the grassland interface in central British Columbia due to past harvesting practices or habitat management for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817)). Climate change projections indicate continued increases in temperature, an outcome that would stress trees growing in dry environments. Trees placed in different states of competition by mechanical harvesting in the 1970s were sampled to provide a 40-year comparison of three levels of competition during 1–2 year droughts. Tree-ring analysis was used to assess the reduction in growth during drought years and resumption of growth in subsequent years. A clear separation of growth rates was evident between open-growing trees, trees on the edge of harvesting trails, and trees within the unharvested interior. Edge trees had intermediate growth rates but no differences were found in the long-term climate–growth relationship compared with open-growing trees. Both Edge and Open classes showed less relative growth reduction during droughts than Interior trees growing between harvest trails. Precipitation throughfall rates and competition for resources are likely driving short-term drought tolerance in combination with other factors.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Logging Planning, Felling, and Skyline Yarding Costs Between Clearcutting and Five Group-Selection Harvesting Methods

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren D. Kellogg ◽  
Pete Bettinger ◽  
Richard M. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Group Selection ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Silvicultural Treatment ◽  
Cable Yarding ◽  
Selection Harvesting ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Manual Felling ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Logging planning, felling, and cable yarding costs were determined for five group-selection treatments and a clearcut in a 90 yr old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stand in western Oregon. The harvesting system included manual felling and a yarder rigged in a standing skyline configuration with a mechanical slackpulling carriage. The clearcut treatment had the lowest total harvest cost; costs of the group-selection treatments were 7.3 to 31.5% higher than the clearcut. Yarding cost associated with road and landing changes, plus the cost of equipment moving, set up, and tear down allocated over different treatment volumes removed had the biggest influence on total cost for each silvicultural treatment. West. J. Appl. For. 11(3):90-96.

Assessing long-term effectiveness of green-tree retention

2019 ◽  
Vol 448 ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Rosenvald ◽  
Piret Lõhmus ◽  
Riinu Rannap ◽  
Liina Remm ◽  
Katrin Rosenvald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Retention ◽  
Green Tree Retention

Longevity and dynamics of fatally and nonfatally topped Douglas-fir in the Coast Range of Oregon

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2224-2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan D. Huff ◽  
John D. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Group Selection ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Ground Slope

Worldwide, snags are an important, but often lacking, component of forest ecosystems. We revisited artificially topped Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees 16–18 years after treatment in a replicated experiment in western Oregon. Some trees had been topped such that no live crown was retained (fatally topped), while others retained some portion of their live crown after topping (nonfatally topped). Topped trees were created under three different silvicultural regimes: clearcut, two story, and group selection. Twenty-three percent (61 of 262) of nonfatally topped trees remained living 16–18 years after treatment; 4% (19 of 482) of fatally topped trees had broken at some point up the bole by 16–18 years after treatment. Silvicultural regime, post-treatment height, stem diameter, stem lean, and ground slope were considered as potential explanatory variables in logistic regression models explaining mortality and breakage. A nonfatally topped tree’s odds of surviving 16–18 years after treatment was greater in the mature matrix of group selection stands than in clearcuts or two-story stands. A fatally topped tree’s odds of breaking within 16–18 years of treatment decreased as DBH increased. If carefully created, artificially topping trees can be a useful silvicultural tool to increase structural heterogeneity.

scholarly journals Effects of Varying Levels and Patterns of Green-Tree Retention on Amount of Harvesting Damage

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Moore ◽  
Douglas A. Maguire ◽  
David L. Phillips ◽  
Charles B. Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Treatment Implementation ◽  
Dispersed Retention ◽  
Tree Retention ◽  
Green Tree Retention ◽  
Aggregated Retention ◽  
Future Growth

Abstract An inventory of fresh logging wounds from treatment implementation was performed in a regional green-tree retention experiment in Oregon and Washington. The DEMO (Demonstration of Ecosystem Management Options) study contains six treatments replicated in six blocks: (1) 100% retention (control), (2) 75% aggregated retention, (3) 40% dispersed retention, (4) 40% aggregated retention, (5) 15% dispersed retention, and (6) 15% aggregated retention. Over all blocks and treatments, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) comprised 74.9% of all measured trees, and the proportion of trees damaged was similar for both species. Suppressed trees tended to be more susceptible to damage than were trees in other crown classes. A greater proportion of trees in the dispersed retention treatments were damaged than in the aggregated treatments. Only in the two dispersed retention treatments were levels of damage significantly different from the control (P < 0.05). The greatest proportion of damaged trees occurred in the 15% dispersed retention treatment and was likely due to the wider dispersion and higher intensity of felling and yarding operations associated with this treatment. The pattern of damage across treatments was similar for both small (≤ 25 cm dbh) and large (> 25 cm dbh) trees. Some evidence was also found that the sites with gentler slopes had less damage than those with steeper topography. Probable effects of wounds on future growth and tree health could not be inferred as no data were collected on wound size or height. However, it is expected that the future incidence of stem rot and growth reduction will be greatest in the dispersed retention treatments. West. J. Appl. For. 17(4):202–206.

Structure and yield of two-aged stands on the Willamette National Forest, Oregon: implications for green tree retention

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 749-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
S A Acker ◽  
E K Zenner ◽  
W H Emmingham
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Ecosystem Science ◽  
Tree Retention ◽  
Green Tree Retention ◽  
Residual Tree

Green tree retention, a practice based on ecosystem science, has been integrated into forest management as a working hypothesis, requiring research and monitoring to quantify its effects. We undertook a retrospective study of natural, two-aged forest stands on the Willamette National Forest to provide preliminary estimates of the effects of green tree retention on forest structure and yield. Fourteen stands in the western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) zone (mostly dominated by Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were sampled using adjacent, paired plots: one with residual trees over a younger cohort (median age of younger cohort, 97 years) and one with only the younger cohort. The younger cohorts all had much higher densities of trees than typical of local Douglas-fir plantations. Basal area, volume, and mean annual increment (MAI) of the younger cohort all declined with increasing residual tree basal area. These relationships were best described by curvilinear models; the greatest effect per unit of residual tree basal area occurred at low residual tree levels (5-10 m2/ha). For 10 m2/ha residual tree basal area (equivalent to about 12 average (diameter at breast height 105 cm) residual trees per hectare), we predicted a 26% decline in younger cohort MAI (95% confidence interval: -30% to -22%).

Integrating biodiversity and forestry practices in western Canada

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 906-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy T Work ◽  
John R Spence ◽  
W. Jan A. Volney ◽  
Luigi E Morgantini ◽  
John L Innes
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
Coarse Filter ◽  
Tree Retention ◽  
Fine Filter ◽  
Green Tree Retention

In western Canada, some forestry companies are attempting to incorporate conservation of biodiversity as a new management priority. Here we provide a review of management strategies currently implemented through a survey of companies in this region. Representatives from fourteen companies were asked to complete 30 questions designed to assess six broad issues, all of which are important for integrating biodiversity protection with timber production. Differences in provincial legislation were a major factor contributing to the prioritization of biodiversity objectives. All companies stressed that a variety of stand age classes and compositions was important for maintaining biodiversity. Green tree retention was a common approach proposed by all companies. Definitions of green tree retention varied significantly among companies, ranging from residual material left following standard clearcutting to merchantable trees selected specifically to foster wildlife and biodiversity. Most companies have proposed some monitoring aimed at biodiversity, although most plans target habitat structural features rather than directly monitoring species. Key words: biodiversity, sustainability, monitoring, green tree retention, coarse filter, fine filter, rare and threatened species, forest industry

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