Green-tree retention and relative habitat use by mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) 20 years after harvest of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) – Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 437 ◽  
pp. 426-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Sullivan ◽  
Druscilla S. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Mule Deer ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Tree Retention ◽  
Green Tree Retention

Influence of repeated fertilization on forest ecosystems: relative habitat use by mule deer and moose

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1395-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P Sullivan ◽  
Druscilla S Sullivan ◽  
Pontus M.F Lindgren ◽  
Douglas B Ransome
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Mule Deer ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Winter Habitat ◽  
South Central ◽  
Mature Stands

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that large-scale precommercial thinning (PCT) and repeated fertilization of young lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) stands would enhance relative habitat use by mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus Rafinesque) and moose (Alces alces L.) in summer and winter periods, compared to that in mature and old-growth stands. Replicate study areas were located near Summerland, Kelowna, and Williams Lake in south central British Columbia, Canada. Each study area had a range of PCT densities, with and without fertilization, and mature and old-growth stands. Habitat use in summer and winter was measured by pellet-group counts of deer and moose from 1999 to 2003, 6–10 years after the onset of treatments. During summer months, habitat use by deer was enhanced by PCT with fertilization, and the 1000 stems/ha fertilized stands experienced greater use than the unthinned or mature stands. Winter habitat use by deer was similar in the 1000 stems/ha fertilized stands and old-growth stands. In both summer and winter, moose preferred fertilized to unfertilized stands and low-density to high-density stands. Intensive management of young lodgepole pine forests has considerable potential to develop summer and winter ranges for these ungulates.

PINE OIL PROTECTS LIVING TREES FROM ATTACK BY THREE BARK BEETLE SPECIES, DENDROCTONUS SPP. (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Nijholt ◽  
L. H. McMullen ◽  
L. Safranyik
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Pine Oil ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Pine Beetle

AbstractPine oil, a by-product of sulphate wood pulping, protected pheromone-baited, living Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.), and spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss - P. engelmannii Parry hybrids) from attack by Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk.), mountain pine beetle (D. ponderosa Hopk.), and spruce beetle (D. rufipennis (Kirby)), respectively. Pine oil also protected surrounding trees and reduced attack incidence on Douglas-fir, lodgepole pine, and spruce within at least a 10 m radius. α-Terpineol, one of the constituents of the pine oil mixture, was less effective.

DISTRIBUTION AND IMPACT OF LEPTOGLOSSUS OCCIDENTALS HEIDEMANN (HEMIPTERA: COREIDAE) IN SEED ORCHARDS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 1065-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzie E. Blatt ◽  
John H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Threshold Levels ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Leptoglossus Occidentalis

AbstractLeptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Hemiptera: Coreidae) is considered to be an important cone and seed pest in seed orchards in British Columbia; however, no impact studies have been done in Canada. Surveys to determine the distribution of L. occidentalis were conducted over a 3-year period in three coastal seed orchards of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, and over a 2-year period in two seed orchards of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelmann. Leptoglossus occidentalis was found to distribute itself in patches, coinciding with a clonal preference. Seed losses were assessed for 2 years in the coastal Douglas-fir orchards and for 1 year in one lodgepole pine orchard. The percentages of partially filled seed that could have been caused by feeding of L. occidentalis or by a number of other factors were < 5% in coastal Douglas-fir for both 1992 and 1993 and ~14% in lodgepole pine in 1993. Apparently because populations of L. occidentalis were low, there was no correlation between the percentage of partially filled seed and number of insects per tree. Except in unusual circumstances, management measures in Canada are judged not to be necessary as populations of L. occidentalis are consistently below the calculated threshold levels required to cause ≥5% loss in seed production.

scholarly journals Late-Winter Habitat Use by Mule Deer, Odocoileus hemionus, in Central Interior British Columbia

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Gilbert Proulx
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Mule Deer ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Winter Habitat

In central interior British Columbia, extensive cut blocks to recover timber killed by the Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) could impact negatively on Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) late-winter habitat. This study assessed the possibility of predicting the distribution of potential late-winter habitat for Mule Deer with the BC Vegetation Resources Inventory (VRI) dataset used to produce forestry maps. On the basis of literature review and roadside inventories in December 2004, I predicted that high-quality Mule Deer late-winter habitat would correspond to mature and old conifer-dominated stands with ≤ 20% deciduous species, a canopy closure ≥ 45%, tree heights ≥ 23 m, tree diameter at breast height ≥ 24 cm, and basal area ≥ 45 m2/ha, and would be located on < 60% slopes on south, southeast, southwest or west aspects, or on flat ground. I allocated weight values to these criteria to classify map polygons into high-, medium- and low-quality polygons, and produce predictive maps of late-winter habitat use by Mule Deer. I tested my predictive habitat rating by snowtracking along 18 km of transects in February-March 2006, and 15.6 km of transects in February 2007. I recorded 31 and 12 Mule Deer tracks in 2006 and 2007, respectively, all in high-quality polygons. The observed frequency of tracks per polygon type was significantly (P < 0.001) different from expected. All tracks were in mature and old conifer-dominated stands including 10-60% Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta) and 10-20% Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides). This study showed that it was possible to predict the distribution of potential late-winter habitat for Mule Deer using a series of habitat criteria and the VRI dataset. The extensive harvesting of Lodgepole Pine in mixed coniferous stands will undoubtedly have a negative impact on Mule Deer late-winter habitat quality and quantity. The rating of habitat types developed in this study should be used in forest management plans to determine sites that should be protected from logging.

CFIRP: What we learned in the first ten years

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol L. Chambers ◽  
William C. McComb ◽  
John C. Tappeiner II ◽  
Loren D. Kellogg ◽  
Rebecca L. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Group Selection ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tree Retention ◽  
Green Tree Retention ◽  
Patch Group

In response to public dissatisfaction with forest management methods, we initiated the College of Forestry Integrated Research Project (CFIRP) to test alternative silvicultural systems in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands in western Oregon. We compared costs and biological and human responses among a control and three replicated silvicultural alternatives to clearcutting that retained structural features found in old Douglas-fir forests. Treatments were applied within 8- to 15-ha stands and attempted to mimic crown fires (modified clearcut), windthrow (green tree retention), and small-scale impacts such as root rot diseases (small patch group selection). We also compared costs in three unreplicated treatments (large patch group selection, wedge cut, and strip cut). Each treatment included differences in the pattern of retained dead trees (snags), as either scattered individuals or as clumps. Good communication among researchers and managers, a long-term commitment to the project, and careful documentation of research sites and data are important to the success of long-term silvicultural research projects. To date, over 30 publications have resulted from the project. Key words: alternative silviculture, data management, Douglas-fir, green tree retention, harvesting costs, human dimensions, Oregon, Pseudotsuga menziesii, recreation, wildlife

scholarly journals Adjacency to a harvest trail increases drought resistance of interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) in partially harvested stands in central British Columbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 809-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil P. Thompson ◽  
Kathy J. Lewis ◽  
Lisa M. Poirier
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Ring Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Drought tolerance of trees may be affected by competition, but most studies quantifying the relationship do not consider the effect of stem clustering. Trees are often clustered in interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Mayr) Franco) forests near the grassland interface in central British Columbia due to past harvesting practices or habitat management for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817)). Climate change projections indicate continued increases in temperature, an outcome that would stress trees growing in dry environments. Trees placed in different states of competition by mechanical harvesting in the 1970s were sampled to provide a 40-year comparison of three levels of competition during 1–2 year droughts. Tree-ring analysis was used to assess the reduction in growth during drought years and resumption of growth in subsequent years. A clear separation of growth rates was evident between open-growing trees, trees on the edge of harvesting trails, and trees within the unharvested interior. Edge trees had intermediate growth rates but no differences were found in the long-term climate–growth relationship compared with open-growing trees. Both Edge and Open classes showed less relative growth reduction during droughts than Interior trees growing between harvest trails. Precipitation throughfall rates and competition for resources are likely driving short-term drought tolerance in combination with other factors.

Balancing risks of disturbance from mountain pine beetle and western spruce budworm

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.G. Nealis ◽  
M.K. Noseworthy ◽  
R. Turnquist ◽  
V.R. Waring
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Closed Field ◽  
Western Spruce Budworm ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Population Processes

The effect of removing lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) and retaining Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) to reduce the risk of disturbance from mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.) in mixed conifer stands in southern British Columbia, Canada, on population processes influencing outbreaks of western spruce budworm ( Choristoneura occidentalis Free.) was evaluated in 10 paired (open vs. closed) field plots. Overall feeding damage to Douglas-fir was significantly, but only slightly, lower in open stands compared with closed stands. Although open plots tended to recruit more budworms, the losses resulting from the dispersal of spring-emerging budworms in search of feeding sites were significantly greater in open plots. The forest management benefits of these early season losses were mitigated, however, by more mortality of budworms from natural enemies, particularly diseases, in the closed plots during the budworm feeding period. These results are discussed in terms of compensating population processes and balancing objectives in forest pest management. In this case, selective harvesting of lodgepole pine as a mitigation strategy for the mountain pine beetle conserved the midterm timber supply potential represented by associated Douglas-fir even in the presence of an outbreak of the western spruce budworm.

Long-term responses of mammalian herbivores to stand thinning and fertilization in young lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forest

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2302-2312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Sullivan ◽  
Druscilla S. Sullivan ◽  
Pontus M.F. Lindgren ◽  
Douglas B. Ransome
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
South Central ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Snowshoe Hares ◽  
Understory Shrubs

Snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus Exrleben, 1777), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817)), and moose (Alces alces (L., 1758)) commonly occur in young coniferous forests. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that large-scale pre-commercial thinning (PCT) and repeated fertilization 15–20 years after the onset of treatments in young lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Wats.) stands would enhance relative habitat use by hares, deer, and moose compared with unmanaged stands. Study areas were located in south-central British Columbia, Canada. Habitat use was measured by fecal pellet and pellet-group counts. Understory vegetation and coniferous stand structure were measured in all stands. Habitat use by deer and moose was highest in heavily thinned stands, probably due to the higher levels of forage and cover provided by understory shrubs and conifers in thinned stands. Habitat use by snowshoe hares was highest in high-density stands, but also in lower-density (≤1000 stems·ha–1) stands where an increase in understory conifers provided essential cover for hares. Managers should consider the long-term nature of understory development in young stands managed for timber production. Heavy thinning (≤1000 stems·ha–1) will generate suitable understory habitat for these herbivores sooner than conventional PCT at higher stand densities.

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