Classification of Adulterated Particle Images in Coconut Oil Using Deep Learning Approaches

In the production of coconut oil for consumption, cleanliness and safety are the first priorities for meeting the standard in Thailand. The presence of color, sediment, or impurities is an important element that affects consumers’ or buyers’ decision to buy coconut oil. Coconut oil contains impurities that are revealed during the process of compressing the coconut pulp to extract the oil. Therefore, the oil must be filtered by centrifugation and passed through a fine filter. When the oil filtration process is finished, staff inspect the turbidity of coconut oil by examining the color with the naked eye and should detect only the color of the coconut oil. However, this method cannot detect small impurities, suspended particles that take time to settle and become sediment. Studies have shown that the turbidity of coconut oil can be measured by passing light through the oil and applying image processing techniques. This method makes it possible to detect impurities using a microscopic camera that photographs the coconut oil. This study proposes a method for detecting impurities that cause the turbidity in coconut oil using a deep learning approach called a convolutional neural network (CNN) to solve the problem of impurity identification and image analysis. In the experiments, this paper used two coconut oil impurity datasets, PiCO_V1 and PiCO_V2, containing 1000 and 6861 images, respectively. A total of 10 CNN architectures were tested on these two datasets to determine the accuracy of the best architecture. The experimental results indicated that the MobileNetV2 architecture had the best performance, with the highest training accuracy rate, 94.05%, and testing accuracy rate, 80.20%.

Physicochemical Insights of the Organic Matter Particles Dispersed in Wastewaters Induced by Bio-Polyelectrolytes

The turbidity and color of the water are mainly caused by colloidal particles. These particles remain in suspension for a long time and can even pass through a very fine filter medium, since they do not have a tendency to agglomerate. Due to this, polyelectrolytes such as chitosan have been used in coagulation-flocculation processes because they dissociate into charged species in solution and these contribute to charges or dissociable groups which are covalently bound to its structure. With the zeta potential measurements (ζ) vs. pH and particle size, the ideal dose of bio-polyelectrolyte was determined with which, the isoelectric point (IEP) was reached, generating electroneutrality in the system, removing 92% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results discussed here represent a sustainable alternative to the water reuse and sanitation problem of the fish processing industry. The use of bio-polyelectrolytes offers that the by-products obtained from the coagulation-flocculation process can be reused and recovered for other uses.

Science-Based Technologies in the Manufacture Liquid Rocket Engines Filter Element Channels

The article discusses the technologies used in the manufacture of liquid rocket engines filter elements. The analysis of the most widely used methods in the aerospace industry for obtaining grooves and holes in metal filters is carried out, as well as progressive methods for their production are proposed. Special means of technological equipment for the fine filter elements manufacture using electroerosion treatment have been developed.

Perencanaan Desain Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah dengan Metode Biofilter Anaerob – Aerob

Planning design of wastewater treatment plant in a market is needed to improve the quality of water that will be discharged so it doesn’t pollute the environment and the near. The goal of this study is to determine the discharge of wastewater will be treated and the design of treatment basin in the wet lods area of Mandonga Traditional Market. Result of wastewater is 7.88 m3/day with a waste concentration of pH 7, BOD 64.2 mg/day, and TSS 2.130 mg/day. Wet Lods Wastewater Treatment Plant in Mandonga Traditional Market has 6 compartments such as a control tub with the fine filter addition which has a volume of 0.072 m3/day, the initial settling tank has a volume of 1 m3/day, anaerobic biofilter has a volume of 1.83 m3/day, aerobic tubs have a volume of 0.42 m3/day, the final settling tank I has a volume of 1.1 m3/day and the final settling tub II has a volume of 1.1 m3/day.

DEVELOPMENT OF A CALCULATION METHODFOR TWO-STAGE NATURAL GAS PURIFICATION PLANTS FROM MECHANICAL IMPURITIES

Statement of the problem. Currently, there is no methodology for calculating the degree of clogging of a multilayer filter cartridge taking into account the prevention of deposition of mechanical impurities in the gap between the coarse and fine filter cylindrical filter cartridges. In this regard, the development of such a technique is an urgent task. Results. In this paper, we propose a calculation method for determining the average integral degree of clogging of multilayer cylindrical filter cartridges with mechanical impurities and pressure loss on them which take into account the prevention of sedimentation of mechanical impurities in the gap between the coarse and fine filter cartridges.Conclusions. The results obtained make it possible to determine the pressure loss and the average integral degree of clogging of the multilayer filter cartridge depending on the decrease in the living cross-section of all filter meshes in the process of clogging and to prevent the deposition of solids in the gap between the coarse and fine filter cartridges.

Edwardsiella ictaluri in a Colony of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) used in a Teaching Laboratory

A small colony of zebrafish (Danio rerio) experienced 30% acute mortality within a few days after receipt from a commercial source. A few fish presented with small areas of raised scales or tissue necrosis, primarily near the caudal peduncle. Edwardsiella ictaluri (E. ictaluri) was identified by real-time PCR of pooled zebrafish and swabs of the pre-filter and fine filter pads, with subsequent sequence analysis. E. ictaluri is most commonly associated with an enteric septicemia in catfish species and can have significant economic impact on commercial catfish fisheries. However, several references report naturally occurring E. ictaluri infection of nonictalurid fishes, including zebrafish. Ours is the first report demonstrating the use of environmental sampling to identify E. ictaluri in a zebrafish colony by real-time PCR. Moreover, our report indicates that E.ictaluri is a relevant disease for institutions using zebrafish as research species and emphasizes the importance of carefully considering importation and quarantine practices.

DEVELOPMENT OF A CALCULATION METHOD FOR TWO-STAGE NATURAL GAS PURIFICATION PLANTS FROM MECHANICAL IMPURITIES

Состояние проблемы. В настоящее время отсутствует методика расчета степени засорения многослойного фильтрующего картриджа, учитывающая недопущение осаждения механических примесей в зазоре между цилиндрическими фильтрующими картриджами грубой и тонкой очистки. В этой связи разработка такой методики является актуальной задачей. Результаты. В данной работе предложена методика расчета по определению среднеинтегральной степени засорения многослойных цилиндрических фильтрующих картриджей механическими примесями и потери давления на них, которые учитывают недопущение осаждения механических примесей в зазоре между цилиндрическими фильтрующими картриджами грубой и тонкой очистки. Выводы. Полученные результаты позволяют определить величины потерь давления и среднеинтегральной степени засорения многослойного фильтрующего картриджа в зависимости от величины уменьшения живого сечения всех фильтрующих сеток в процессе их засорения и предотвратить осаждение механических примесей в зазоре между цилиндрическими фильтрующими картриджами грубой и тонкой очистки. Statement of the problem. Currently, there is no methodology for calculating the degree of clogging of a multilayer filter cartridge taking into account the prevention of deposition of mechanical impurities in the gap between the coarse and fine filter cylindrical filter cartridges. In this regard, the development of such a technique is an urgent task. Results. In this paper, we propose a calculation method for determining the average integral degree of clogging of multilayer cylindrical filter cartridges with mechanical impurities and pressure loss on them which take into account the prevention of sedimentation of mechanical impurities in the gap between the coarse and fine filter cartridges. Conclusions. The results obtained make it possible to determine the pressure loss and the average integral degree of clogging of the multilayer filter cartridge depending on the decrease in the living cross-section of all filter grids in the process of clogging and to prevent the deposition of solids in the gap between the coarse and fine filter cartridges. Statement of the problem. Currently, there is no methodology for calculating the degree of clogging of a multilayer filter cartridge taking into account the prevention of deposition of mechanical impurities in the gap between the coarse and fine filter cylindrical filter cartridges. In this regard, the development of such a technique is an urgent task. Results. In this paper, we propose a calculation method for determining the average integral degree of clogging of multilayer cylindrical filter cartridges with mechanical impurities and pressure loss on them which take into account the prevention of sedimentation of mechanical impurities in the gap between the coarse and fine filter cartridges. Conclusions. The results obtained make it possible to determine the pressure loss and the average integral degree of clogging of the multilayer filter cartridge depending on the decrease in the living cross-section of all filter grids in the process of clogging and to prevent the deposition of solids in the gap between the coarse and fine filter cartridges.

In-line filtration of intravenous infusion may reduce organ dysfunction of adult critical patients

Background The potential harmful effects of particle-contaminated infusions for critically ill adult patients are yet unclear. So far, only significant improved outcome in critically ill children and new-borns was demonstrated when using in-line filters, but for adult patients, evidence is still missing. Methods This single-centre, retrospective controlled cohort study assessed the effect of in-line filtration of intravenous fluids with finer 0.2 or 1.2 μm vs 5.0 μm filters in critically ill adult patients. From a total of n = 3215 adult patients, n = 3012 patients were selected by propensity score matching (adjusting for sex, age, and surgery group) and assigned to either a fine filter cohort (with 0.2/1.2 μm filters, n = 1506, time period from February 2013 to January 2014) or a control filter cohort (with 5.0 μm filters, n = 1506, time period from April 2014 to March 2015). The cohorts were compared regarding the occurrence of severe vasoplegia, organ dysfunctions (lung, kidney, and brain), inflammation, in-hospital complications (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, pneumonia, and sepsis), in-hospital mortality, and length of ICU and hospital stay. Results Comparing fine filter vs control filter cohort, respiratory dysfunction (Horowitz index 206 (119–290) vs 191 (104.75–280); P = 0.04), pneumonia (11.4% vs 14.4%; P = 0.02), sepsis (9.6% vs 12.2%; P = 0.03), interleukin-6 (471.5 (258.8–1062.8) ng/l vs 540.5 (284.5–1147.5) ng/l; P = 0.01), and length of ICU (1.2 (0.6–4.9) vs 1.7 (0.8–6.9) days; P < 0.01) and hospital stay (14.0 (9.2–22.2) vs 14.8 (10.0–26.8) days; P = 0.01) were reduced. Rate of severe vasoplegia (21.0% vs 19.6%; P > 0.20) and acute kidney injury (11.8% vs 13.7%; P = 0.11) was not significantly different between the cohorts. Conclusions In-line filtration with finer 0.2 and 1.2 μm filters may be associated with less organ dysfunction and less inflammation in critically ill adult patients. Trial registration The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (number: NCT02281604).

The Gauteng Conservation Plan: Planning for biodiversity in a rapidly urbanising province

Background: Gauteng, the smallest of South Africa’s nine provinces, is rich in biodiversity; yet it is also the most densely populated province and thus faces significant development pressures.Objective: A project was therefore initiated in 2001 to identify areas of biodiversity importance in the province, using the systematic spatial biodiversity planning approach that has been adopted in South Africa. This article reports on the final version of the provincial conservation plan as completed in 2011.Method: Vegetation types and quaternary catchments constituted the coarse filter biodiversity features, while rare and threatened taxa constituted the fine filter features. Ecological processes were captured by a range of landscape features, while planning for climate change primarily involved the design of a corridor network. Planning was undertaken within the ArcView linked C-plan decision support system, where a cost surface preferentially directed the selection of available sites towards low-cost areas.Results: Forty-four per cent of the province is required to achieve targets. Only 8% of features are close to having their targets met or are adequately conserved in the current protected area network of 23 protected areas covering 2.4% of the province, while 73% of features are absent or poorly represented.Conclusion: The existing protected area network is inadequate for the conservation of biodiversity in Gauteng. The Gauteng Conservation Plan identifies a set of areas that are required to achieve conservation targets. It is important that identified areas currently not in the protected area network are protected either formally or through legislated land use management processes.