Impact of Armillaria root disease on succession in red pine plantations in southern Ontario

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Root Disease ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Armillaria Root Disease

Armillaria root disease created openings in southern Ontario red pine plantations that are gradually succeeding to hardwood-dominated mixedwoods through natural regeneration. A study of 13 root disease centres found several tree and shrub species colonizing the openings. Black cherry was the most important hardwood and white pine the most important conifer colonizer. Mortality of black cherry and white pine regeneration was greater than for other species. Long-term survival of conifers in the centres is doubtful, and high mortality of black cherry is expected. Other hardwood species may fare better but with growth and yield losses due to Armillaria infection. Key words: Armillaria root disease, red pine plantations, succession, disturbance ecology, Armillaria ostoyae

The relationship of stand structure with canopy transmittance: Simple models and practical methods for managing understory light conditions in eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.)-dominated forests

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (04) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of stand structural features with understory light levels, estimated by gap light index (GLI), was investigated in 22 second-growth eastern white (Pinus strobus L.) and red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.)-dominated stands in central Ontario that encompassed a broad range in density and basal area. Simple, empirical light models were developed to quantify the influence of several stand structural variables on canopy transmittance as estimated by GLI. Models were also derived to facilitate the operational identification of residual basal area, density, and percent canopy closure associated with target understory light levels that optimize the growth of white pine regeneration and its protection from weevil and blister rust when using the uniform shelterwood silvicultural system. Regression models indicated significant negative, nonlinear relationships of GLI with density, basal area, a stand density index, total crown area, and foliar biomass, while GLI was linearly related to percent canopy closure. Application of these models to identify density, basal area, and canopy closure values associated with target light levels for the regeneration and removal cuts of uniform shelterwoods demonstrates the use of this information to help guide management of white pine–red pine forests.

The Biology and Behaviour of the European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), in Southern Ontario I. Adult

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 1098-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Pointing
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Accidental Introduction ◽  
Pine Species

The European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), has been recognized as a pest of pine plantations since it was described in 1776. Neugebauer (1952) stated that 32 susceptible pine species were known and that scarcely any species were rejected by the insect. Following its accidental introduction into North America about 50 years ago (Busck, 1914) the shoot moth became a serious pest of red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait., which appears to be the most susceptible species (Heikkenen and Miller, 1959). Watson (1947) described the shoot moth as “the most destructive insect affecting hard pines in southern Ontario, and the most difficult to control”. Plantations have been damaged so severely that the planting of red pine has been virtually discontinued within the pest's range.

20-year growth of white pine following commercial improvement cut in pine mixedwoods

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Stiell ◽  
C. F. Robinson ◽  
D. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Natural Rate ◽  
Wild Fire ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Commercial Logging ◽  
Herb Diversity ◽  
Rate Of Succession

Understory 55-year-old white pine (Pinus strobus L.) in mixedwood stands were released in 1971 from an (ca. 80-year-old) overstory of intolerant hardwoods using wheeled skidders in a commercial logging operation. The main aim of the study was to increase the growth and yield of white pine for sawlogs over the following 20 to 30 year period by releasing suppressed pine. Growth of released, healthy white pine was assessed after logging for a range of stand densities (basal areas of 6.9, 11.5, 16.1 m2 ha−1) using suitable control plots and a randomized complete block design with five replicates. Plots were remeasured 10 and 20 years after treatment. By harvesting, much of the natural mortality associated with these stands over the 20-year-period was utilized. Growth responses associated with overstory release were highly significant and demonstrated an 80% increase in sawlog volume increment for treated stands after 20 years. Herb diversity was higher in treated stands and browse potential was not affected. However, white pine regeneration was unacceptably low in all cases. Overstory release increased the natural rate of succession in these stands, but without further management activities or wild-fire, the study area will revert to the economically lower-valued hardwoods. Key words: white pine, growth and yield, mixedwood management, understory release, ecosystem response

Application of slow-release tablets to enhance white pine regeneration: growth response and efficacy against white pine blister rust

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 684-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas G Pitt ◽  
Timothy Meyer ◽  
Mya Park ◽  
Linda MacDonald ◽  
Teresa Buscarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Pine Regeneration

Three field studies were established in northeastern Ontario to test the ability of slow-release tablets to provide prophylactic protection against white pine blister rust (caused by Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch.) and thereby improve the long-term survival, health, and growth of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) seedlings. Experimental treatments included factorial rate combinations the fungicide triadimefon (Bayleton®), the insecticide imidacloprid (Merit®), and fertilizer (N–P–K, 15:8.5:3.75). Mean foliar fungicide residues increased to maximal levels (0.21 to 3.1 µg/g fresh mass (fm)) within 1 to 2 years posttreatment and declined markedly to <0.3 µg/g fm 3 to 4 years posttreatment. Dose-dependent and temporal trends observed in foliar residue levels were reflected by parallel trends in efficacy. At ≥2000 ppm triadimefon, infection rates were reduced to between 35% and 70% and mortality rates were reduced to between 6% and 52% over seven growing seasons across the three sites. In contrast, untreated seedlings had infection rates between 60% and 98% and mortality rates between 30% and 90%. Neither fungicide nor insecticide treatments had significant effects on surviving seedling growth. Differences in fungicide uptake, disease incidence, and seedling growth in response to fertilization were observed among the three sites. Direct weed control, provided at one site, appeared to offer relatively greater health and growth benefits than fertilization.

Conventional Hand and Machine Planting in Southern Ontario

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 473-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Staley
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Scotch Pine ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Commercial Forest

Tree planting has been carried out in Southern Ontario since 1900 on sites ranging from coarse sands to slay to peat. Most of the tree planting has been on sandy soils of the marginal and sub-marginal agricultural lands with limited planting on bog sites.Trees are planted for commercial forest products, for soil stabilization, for soil rehabilitation, for windbreaks, and increasing each year, for aesthetic, recreational and habitat improvement values.In the early years, scotch pine and jack pine were planted. However, red pine, white pine and white spruce are now the primary species planted. Hardwood planting in general, has been unsuccessful.In 1967, approximately 13,500,000 trees were planted in Southern Ontario on 13,500 acres.

Soil water recharge for grassed and forested land covers on the Oak Ridges Moraine, southern Ontario, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-408
Author(s):  
R. Bialkowski ◽  
J. M. Buttle
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Oak Ridges Moraine ◽  
Water Recharge ◽  
Land Covers ◽  
Soil Water Recharge

Soil water recharge (R) below 1 m depth was estimated via a 1-d water balance for grasslands, hardwood stands and red pine plantations on the Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) in southern Ontario, Canada. Annual R values (431–696 mm) were in the order of previous estimates for outcropping sands and gravels on the ORM (∼400 mm); however, they only partially supported hypothesized differences in R between land covers. Annual R was similar for grasslands and hardwood stands and exceeded that for red pine plantations. However, there were no consistent differences in R between land covers for growing or dormant seasons, due to relatively large uncertainties for R estimates as well as inter-site differences in the soil's ability to store and transmit inputs below 1 m. Nevertheless, shifts in annual R appear to have accompanied historical land cover changes from hardwood-conifer stands → agricultural fields → red pine plantations → regenerating hardwoods. Growing season R in hardwoods makes a larger contribution to total R than for other land covers, partly due to spatially focused throughfall and stemflow contributions to R. Results highlight the role of land cover differences when assessing spatial variations in R along the ORM.

scholarly journals Armillaria Root Rot Damage in Softwood Plantations in Ontario

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Armillaria Root Rot ◽  
Annual Mortality

Armillaria root rot. caused most likely by Armillaria obscura (Pers) Herink, killed 6-to 21-year-old white spruce, black spruce, jack pine and red pine saplings in each of 49 plantations examined in northern Ontario. Annual mortality in the four species over the last 2 to 6 years averaged 1.4%, 1.5%, 0.5% and 0.2%, respectively. In all but one of 25 white spruce and red pine plantations (43 to 58 years old) in eastern and southern Ontario. Armillaria root rot was associated with mortality. Accumulated mortality in white spruce and red pine (initially recorded in 1978) averaged 7.6% and 11.7%, respectively, as of 1986. Current annual mortality for all plantations ranged from 0% to 16%. Key words: root rot. Armillaria obscura, white spruce, black spruce, jack pine, red pine.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document