scholarly journals Erysiphales and their hyperparasite, Ampelomyces quisqualis, of the Drawsko Landscape Park, Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Czerniawska ◽  
Tadeusz Madej ◽  
Iwona Adamska ◽  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Mariusz Tadych
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Ribes Nigrum ◽  
Ampelomyces Quisqualis ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi ◽  
Symphoricarpos Albus

Results of 3-year investigations of the occurrence of fungi of the order <i>Erysiphales</i> and their hyperparasite, <i>Ampelomyces quisqualis</i> in the Drawsko Landscape Park (N-Poland) are presented. Among the fungi found, 26 species belonging to 7 genera were identified. Many of the causal agents of the powdery mildews revealed were previously rarely found in Poland. <i>Microsphaera vanbruntiana</i> var. <i>sambuci-racemosae</i> parasitizing <i>Sombucus nigra</i> is a fungus new to the Mycota of Poland. <i>Ampelomyces quisqualis</i> was found associated with <i>Mirosphaera symphoricarpi</i> colonizing <i>Symphoricarpos albus</i> and with <i>Sphaerotheca mors-uvae</i> parasitizing <i>Ribes nigrum</i>; these powdery mildew fungi are fungal hosts of <i>A. qulsqualis</i> not recorded in the literature to date.

scholarly journals Ecological Basis of the Interaction betweenPseudozyma flocculosaand Powdery Mildew Fungi

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 926-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Hammami ◽  
Candy Quiroga Castro ◽  
Wilfried Rémus-Borel ◽  
Caroline Labbé ◽  
Richard R. Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Biocontrol Activity ◽  
Cellobiose Lipids ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Ecological Basis

ABSTRACTIn this work, we sought to understand how glycolipid production and the availability of nutrients could explain the ecology ofPseudozyma flocculosaand its biocontrol activity. For this purpose, we compared the development ofP. flocculosato that of a close relative, the plant pathogenUstilago maydis, under different environmental conditions. This approach was further supported by measuring the expression ofcyp1, a pivotal gene in the synthesis of unique antifungal cellobiose lipids of both fungi. On healthy cucumber and tomato plants, the expression ofcyp1remained unchanged over time inP. flocculosaand was undetected inU. maydis. At the same time, green fluorescent protein (GFP) strains of both fungi showed only limited green fluorescence on control leaves. On powdery mildew-infected cucumber leaves,P. flocculosainduced a complete collapse of the pathogen colonies, but glycolipid production, as studied bycyp1expression, was still comparable to that of controls. In complete contrast,cyp1was upregulated nine times whenP. flocculosawas applied toBotrytis cinerea-infected leaves, but the biocontrol fungus did not develop very well on the pathogen. Analysis of the possible nutrients that could stimulate the growth ofP. flocculosaon powdery mildew structures revealed that the complex Zn/Mn played a key role in the interaction. Other related fungi such asU. maydisdo not appear to have the same nutritional requirements and hence lack the ability to colonize powdery mildews. Whether production of antifungal glycolipids contributes to the release of nutrients from powdery mildew colonies is unclear, but the specificity of the biocontrol activity ofP. flocculosatoward Erysiphales does appear to be more complex than simple antibiosis.

scholarly journals First records of powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales) on four medicinal plants in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wei Yeh ◽  
Pei-Yi Chou ◽  
Hsin-Yu Hou ◽  
Roland Kirschner
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
New Records ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
New Host ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Eryngium Foetidum ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi

Abstract Background Production of medicinal plants in Taiwan is not only hampered by international market competition, but also lack of knowledge of their pathogens, such as powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales, Ascomycota). Records of these fungi in Taiwan originate from few researchers for the last one hundred years and are still incomplete. Since powdery mildews in tropical/subtropical environments do not develop the sexual stages with morphologically diagnostic characteristics, internal transcribed spacer sequences (ITS) of the ribosomal RNA genes obtained from the asexual stages have become important modern tools for species identification. Results Powdery mildews on four medicinal plants from educational and ornamental plantations in Taiwan were identified based on the anamorph morphology and ITS sequences. Three powdery mildews on medicinal plants are new records for Taiwan, Arthrocladiella mougeotii on Lycium chinense, Erysiphe lespedezae on Uraria crinita, and E. lonicerae on Lonicera japonica. Eryngium foetidum is a new host for Erysiphe heraclei hitherto known on other host plants in Taiwan. Eryngium foetidum and Uraria crinita are new host plants for powdery mildews worldwide. Only specific field collection of the pathogens yielded the new records, not checking plant specimens in a phanerogam herbarium. The pathogens did not cause death of the host plants, but appeared to enhance stress by infection of mature leaves. Conclusions Taxonomic study of powdery mildews in Taiwan results into new host records of economically important medicinal plants in Taiwan with potential consequences for plant production and quarantine and also shows that host records are quite incomplete worldwide. Although ITS sequences were useful for species identification, the lack of data for several species on the same host genus on the one hand and the low variation between closely related species on the other indicate the need for further study.

Graminicolous powdery mildew fungi as new natural hosts of Ampelomyces mycoparasites

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levente Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi ◽  
Cultivated Species

The natural occurrence of Ampelomyces mycoparasites is reported for the first time in hyphae, conidiophores, and immature cleistothecia of Blumeria graminis (syn. Erysiphe graminis), the causal agent of cereal and grass powdery mildews. During a 4-year search for Ampelomyces on leaves of different wild and cultivated species of the Gramineae infected with powdery mildews in Hungary, Ampelomyces was recorded in only two samples that represent 5% of the collected monocotyledons. The host plants of B. graminis parasitized by Ampelomyces were Hordeum murinum and Poa pratensis. The pycnidia of Ampelomyces were present in only 3–10% of the powdery mildew mycelia. These observations suggest that (i) the natural occurrence of Ampelomyces mycoparasites on monocotyledons infected with powdery mildews is rare compared with their repeatedly reported incidence on dicotyledons infected with different powdery mildew fungi, and (ii) they probably do not have any significant role in the natural control of B. graminis in the field. Key words: Ampelomyces, Blumeria graminis, Erysiphe graminis, Gramineae, hyperparasitism, mycoparasitism.

Genome Expansion and Gene Loss in Powdery Mildew Fungi Reveal Tradeoffs in Extreme Parasitism

Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 330 (6010) ◽  
pp. 1543-1546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro D. Spanu ◽  
James C. Abbott ◽  
Joelle Amselem ◽  
Timothy A. Burgis ◽  
Darren M. Soanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Barley Powdery Mildew ◽  
Dicotyledonous Plants ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi ◽  
Species Specific

Powdery mildews are phytopathogens whose growth and reproduction are entirely dependent on living plant cells. The molecular basis of this life-style, obligate biotrophy, remains unknown. We present the genome analysis of barley powdery mildew, Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Blumeria), as well as a comparison with the analysis of two powdery mildews pathogenic on dicotyledonous plants. These genomes display massive retrotransposon proliferation, genome-size expansion, and gene losses. The missing genes encode enzymes of primary and secondary metabolism, carbohydrate-active enzymes, and transporters, probably reflecting their redundancy in an exclusively biotrophic life-style. Among the 248 candidate effectors of pathogenesis identified in the Blumeria genome, very few (less than 10) define a core set conserved in all three mildews, suggesting that most effectors represent species-specific adaptations.

scholarly journals First records of powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales) on medicinal plants in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wei Yeh ◽  
Pei-Yi Chou ◽  
Hsin-Yu Hou ◽  
Roland Kirschner
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
New Records ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
New Host ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Eryngium Foetidum ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi

Abstract Background: Production of medicinal plants in Taiwan is not only hampered by international market competition, but also lack of knowledge of their pathogens, such as powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales, Ascomycota). Records of these fungi in Taiwan originate from few researchers for the last one hundred years and are still incomplete. Since powdery mildews in tropical/subtropical environments rarely develop the sexual stages with morphologically diagnostic characteristics, internal transcribed spacer sequences (ITS) of the ribosomal RNA genes obtained from the asexual stages have become important modern tools for species identification.Results: Powdery mildews on medicinal plants from educational and ornamental plantations in Taiwan were identified based on the anamorph morphology and ITS sequences. Four powdery mildews on medicinal plants are new records for Taiwan, Arthrocladiella mougeotii on Lycium chinense, Erysiphe glycines on Pueraria lobata, Erysiphe lespedezae on Bauhinia sp., Desmodium caudatum, and Uraria crinita, and E. lonicerae on Lonicera japonica. Eryngium foetidum is a new host for Erysiphe heraclei hitherto known on other host plants in Taiwan. Eryngium foetidum and Uraria crinita are new host plants for powdery mildews worldwide. Only specific field collection of the pathogens yielded the new records, not checking plant specimens in a phanerogam herbarium. The pathogens did not cause death of the host plants, but appeared to enhance stress by infection of mature leaves.Conclusions: Taxonomic study of powdery mildews in Taiwan results into new host records of economically important medicinal plants in Taiwan with potential consequences for plant production and quarantine and also shows that host records are quite incomplete worldwide. Although ITS sequences were useful for species identification, the lack of data for several species on the same host genus on the one hand and the low variation between closely related species on the other indicate the need for further study.

The Host-Haustorium Interface in Powdery Mildews

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Manners
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Successful Infection ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
And Function ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Physical Manipulation ◽  
Detailed Molecular Analysis

The powdery mildew fungi have proven to be a useful model system for studies of the host-parasite interface in biotrophic parasitism. Investigation of the interface has requrred the development of novel experimental approaches, for example the isolation of populations of haustoria in association with other interface components and the chemical and physical manipulation of living isolated epidermal strips infected wth powdery mildew fungi. These experimental approaches have provided information on the nature of metabolites transferred from host to pathogen at the interface and on the underlymg mechanisms. Studies of incompatible interactions with powdery mildew fungi have indicated that the establishment of a functional host-haustorial interface is critical for successful infection. In future, the application of recombinant DNA and monoclonal antibody technologies to the host-haustorium interface of powdery mildews should lead to a more detailed molecular analysis of the interface, and thus provide new insights into its structure and function.

scholarly journals Fungicide Resistance in Powdery Mildew Fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1431
Author(s):  
Alejandra Vielba-Fernández ◽  
Álvaro Polonio ◽  
Laura Ruiz-Jiménez ◽  
Antonio de Vicente ◽  
Alejandro Pérez-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi ◽  
Sterol Demethylation Inhibitors ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Multiple Chemical

Powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales) are among the most common and important plant fungal pathogens. These fungi are obligate biotrophic parasites that attack nearly 10,000 species of angiosperms, including major crops, such as cereals and grapes. Although cultural and biological practices may reduce the risk of infection by powdery mildew, they do not provide sufficient protection. Therefore, in practice, chemical control, including the use of fungicides from multiple chemical groups, is the most effective tool for managing powdery mildew. Unfortunately, the risk of resistance development is high because typical spray programs include multiple applications per season. In addition, some of the most economically destructive species of powdery mildew fungi are considered to be high-risk pathogens and are able to develop resistance to several chemical classes within a few years. This situation has decreased the efficacy of the major fungicide classes, such as sterol demethylation inhibitors, quinone outside inhibitors and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, that are employed against powdery mildews. In this review, we present cases of reduction in sensitivity, development of resistance and failure of control by fungicides that have been or are being used to manage powdery mildew. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to fungicides are also outlined. Finally, a number of recommendations are provided to decrease the probability of resistance development when fungicides are employed.

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE MECHANISM OF GERMINATION OF THE CONIDIA OF VARIOUS SPECIES OF POWDERY MILDEW AT LOW HUMIDITY

1945 ◽  
Vol 23c (6) ◽  
pp. 198-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold J. Brodie
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Special Function ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Erysiphe Polygoni ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi ◽  
Low Humidity

Collected data from the observations of the author and others indicate that nine species of powdery mildew fungi, obtained from 21 different hosts, have been examined with regard to germination of the conidia at various humidities. Of these species, four, viz., Erysiphe Polygoni DC., E. graminis DC., Uncinula Salicis (DC.) Wint., and Microsphaera Alni (DC) Wint., seem beyond doubt to produce conidia capable of germinating at low humidity. Five species do not tolerate low humidity, according to published information.Conidia of Erysiphe graminis, detached from the conidiophore but adhering in chains, do not germinate in as high proportion as separate conidia from the same sample; also, the longer the chain, the lower the percentage of germination. In chains it is usually the end conidia that germinate, not those in intercalary position. These observations are discussed in the light of the theory previously-put forward by the author to explain the germination of powdery mildew conidia at low humidity.The apparent osmotic pressures of the cell sap of conidia of two powdery mildews were determined by plasmolysis with potassium nitrate. For Erysiphe Polygoni, the figure obtained was 63 atm., and for E. graminis Hordei Marchal, 68 atm. These figures are higher than any previously recorded in the literature seen by the author. The significance of this high osmotic pressure is discussed.Study of the papillae that regularly appear on the end of conidia of E. graminis indicates that they are special structures with a special function and should not be considered as germ pores. It is suggested that the conidium wall is two-layered, at least in the region between adjacent conidia. Rupture of the outer part of the wall in a ring at the septum may serve to disjoin the conidia and form the papilla.

scholarly journals First records of powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales) on medicinal plants in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Wei Yeh ◽  
Pei-Yi Chou ◽  
Hsin-Yu Hou ◽  
Roland Kirschner
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
New Records ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
New Host ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Eryngium Foetidum ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi

Abstract Background Production of medicinal plants in Taiwan is not only hampered by international market competition, but also lack of knowledge of their pathogens, such as powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales, Ascomycota). Records of these fungi in Taiwan originate from few researchers for the last one hundred years and are still incomplete. Since powdery mildews in tropical/subtropical environments rarely develop the sexual stages with morphologically diagnostic characteristics, internal transcribed spacer sequences (ITS) of the ribosomal RNA genes obtained from the asexual stages have become important modern tools for species identification. Results Powdery mildews on medicinal plants from educational and ornamental plantations in Taiwan were identified based on the anamorph morphology and ITS sequences. Four powdery mildews on medicinal plants are new records for Taiwan, Arthrocladiella mougeotii on Lycium chinense, Erysiphe glycines on Pueraria lobata, Erysiphe lespedezae on Bauhinia sp., Desmodium caudatum, and Uraria crinita, and E. lonicerae on Lonicera japonica. Eryngium foetidum is a new host for Erysiphe heraclei hitherto known on other host plants in Taiwan. Eryngium foetidum and Uraria crinita are new host plants for powdery mildews worldwide. Only specific field collection of the pathogens yielded the new records, not checking plant specimens in a phanerogam herbarium. The pathogens did not cause death of the host plants, but appeared to enhance stress by infection of mature leaves. Conclusions Taxonomic study of powdery mildews in Taiwan results into new host records of economically important medicinal plants in Taiwan with potential consequences for plant production and quarantine and also shows that host records are quite incomplete worldwide. Although ITS sequences were useful for species identification, the lack of data for several species on the same host genus on the one hand and the low variation between closely related species on the other indicate the need for further study.

scholarly journals Phyllactinia mali and Podosphaera tridactyla var. tridactyla – new hosts of Ampelomyces quisqualis

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Beata Czerniawska
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Erysiphe Cichoracearum ◽  
Ampelomyces Quisqualis ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi ◽  
New Hosts

In 2002, the occurrence of fungi of the order Erysiphales on plants of the Słowiański Park located in Goorzów Wielkopolski was investigated. Plant samples were collected once a month, from August to November. The samples examined were above ground plant parts colonized by powdery mildew fungi. A total of 78 samples were collected. Apart from 14 species of the order Erysiphales, <i>Ampelomyces quisqualis</i> parasitizing on <i>Erysiphe cichoracearum</i> var. <i>cichoracearum, Phyllactinia mali</i> and <i>Podosphaera tridactyl</i> var. <i>tridactyla</i> was found. <i>Ampelomyces quisqualis</i> affected hyphae, oidia, and young cleistothecia of <i>P. mali</i>. In contrast, in <i>E. cichoracearum</i> var. <i>cichoracearum, Po. tridactyle</i> var. <i>tridactyla</i>, this hyperparasite colonized only hyphae and oidia. This paper for the first trime informs of <i>A. quisqualis</i> parasitizing on <i>P. mali</i> and <i>Po. tridactyla</i> var. <i>tridactyla</i>.

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