Pharmacological screening of Eryngium foetidum Linn – A Review

Eryngium foetidum L. (Family Apiaceae) is a biennial herb, and it is used as a culinary herb and spice across the different countries of the world, including Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Singapore, etc. due to its high aroma quality. Also, it is used to treat several ailments, such as respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal ailments, and skin diseases among different indigenous populations for its medicinal properties. Based on ethnomedical evidence, many studies have been conducted to identify the phytoconstituents, underlying mechanisms, and related pharmacological effects of different parts of this plant. This study reviewed the current state of findings related to the Pharmacological activities of E. foetidum. Based on this review, this plant is widely used for ethnomedical and culinary purposes. Pharmacological screening of the plant revealed that it had different activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anthelminthic, anticonvulsant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antimalarial, larvicidal, and hepatoprotective activities. This review further promised that potential new chemical entities could be elicited from the phytoconstituents of E. foetidum.

Optimización de parámetros para la deshidratación por lecho fluidizado del sacha culantro (Eryngium foetidum L.)

La investigación se realizó en los laboratorios de la Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva, ubicados en la ciudad de Tingo María. Consistió en optimizar la deshidratación por lecho fluidizado de hojas de sacha culantro (<em>Eryngium foetidum</em> L.), mediante la metodología de superficie de respuesta, con diseño factorial con tres puntos centrales. Los parámetros evaluados fueron 50, 60 y 70 °C de temperatura y 3.9, 5.5 y 7.1 m/s de velocidad de aire. Se evaluó el pH, acidez, actividad antioxidante y sensorial en las hojas de sacha culantro deshidratado. El análisis estadístico de los resultados fue realizado por ANOVA y prueba de Tukey con el software STATGRAPHICS Centurión XV. La temperatura y velocidad de aire influyeron significativamente en la humedad final (p &lt; 0.05) y se obtuvieron como parámetros óptimos de deshidratación 67.1 °C y 7.1 m/s. La humedad final fue de 0.12 g agua/g m.s., en 180 minutos de secado. El modelo matemático de deshidratación describe satisfactoriamente el proceso de deshidratación por lecho fluidizado. La humedad inicial del sacha culantro fue 88.76 ± 0.68 % y, en el deshidratado, se encontró que no existe influencia significativa de los parámetros de deshidratado en la actividad antioxidante (p &gt; 0.05). Así mismo, no hubo influencia de los tratamientos en los resultados sensorial de color, aroma y sabor (p &gt; 0.05).

ESSENSIAL OIL DAN PEMANFAATAN ERYNGIUM FOETIDUM L. SEBAGAI OBAT TRADISIONAL

Eryngium foetidum (EF) is one of the Apiaceae family that is used as medicine, vegetables and cooking spices. Plants that are used as medicine are directly or indirectly related to the content of secondary metabolites. The writing of this article is based on a literature review obtained from various online sources (mainly from google schoolar and scopus) and offline (books and other research results) using EF keywords, then synthesized to explain the benefits and bioactivity of EF. In ethnobotany fever, hypertension, headache, abdominal pain, asthma, arthritis, diarrhea, and malaria. The essential oil contained in EF is dominated by (E) -2-dodecenal, dodecanoic acid, trans-2-dodecanoic acid (9.7%), (E) -2-tridecenal, duraldehyde, and tetradecanal. EF's bioactivity has been proven to be anti-microbial, antioxidant and anti-natural. The ability of EF essential oils as an anti-microbial is very potential to be developed as a natural food preservative.

Phytochemical profiling of spiny coriander (Eryngium foetidum L.) – A potential perennial spicing-culinary herb of eastern India

Spiny coriander (Eryngium foetidum L.) is a perennial medicinal herb grown in the tropical regions worldwide. In India, it is used as a potential spice for garnishing and flavoring the dishes and treating several ailments. Eryngium spp. found in coastal Odisha, India has a strong aroma similar to the seasonal Coriandrum. The volatile flavor constituents of the unique plants were analyzed through headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) using capillary gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). The volatile compounds exhibited high chemodiversity, with 10-undecenal as the major component in leaves (44.98%) and branches (57.43%). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified eight major peaks grouped into six main regions. Chemo profiles of these two corianders were overlapped and showed similar area differences in the spectral peak. The lesser-known perennial Eryngium with high chemodiversity would be a better alternative to the seasonal coriander for aromatic, pharmaceutical, and industrial uses.

Crecimiento, evapotranspiración y uso de nutrientes en cultivo hidropónico de eryngium foetidum, en dos diferentes ambientes y niveles de nutrición

Crecimiento, evapotranspiración y uso de nutrientes en cultivo hidropónico de eryngium foetidum, en dos diferentes ambientes y niveles de nutrición del cultivo (ETc) y la extracción, lixiviación y eficiencia de recuperación (ER), tasa de absorción (TA) y concentración de absorción (CA) de nutrientes. Resultados. Bajo protección, mejoró la ER debido a un incremento del crecimiento (MS, IAF, TCC), un aumento en la absorción y una disminución de la lixiviación de nutrientes; además, incrementó la CA al disminuir la ETc. Con alto nivel de nutrición, incrementó el cre- cimiento, la absorción de nutrientes y la CA. No obstante, el elevado incremento en la lixiviación redujo la ER. Conclusión. La mayor producción de biomasa se presentó en los cultivos protegidos y con NA. Sin embargo, con NA se presentó un sensible aumento de la lixiviación que redujo la ER. La protección del cultivo junto al ajuste en la concentración de nutrientes a partir de la CA, permitió integrar el crecimiento con el consumo de agua y nutrientes, mejorando así, la ER sin sacrificar rendimiento.

EFFECT OF SHADE AND SOWING METHOD ON ERYNGIUM FOETIDUM PRODUCTION

The experiment was conducted at two Regional Spices Research Stations at Gazipur and Magura during July 2012 to June 2014. Experiments were conducted following split plot design with six treatment of two factors of three different shades such as 1) Black mosquito net, 2) Cucurbit trellis and 3) Control (open) and two sowing methods such as i) line sowing with 10cm spacing and ii) Broadcasting were placed in the unit plot. The maximum number of harvested plants (655/m2) and fresh yield (28.52 t/ha) were obtained from broadcast sowing under nylon net shade at Joydebpur while line sowing without shade gave the minimum number of harvested plants (293/m2) and fresh plant yield (16.20 t/ha) at Magura. The maximum gross return (Tk. 4944.2 thousand/ha), net return (TK. 4438.2 thousand/ha) and BCR (1099) was obtained from nylon net shade in broadcast sowing and these was lowest (Tk. 1586.4, 1196.3 thousands/ha and 4.07, respectively) came from line sowing under cucurbits trellis. Cultivation of Eryngium under cucurbits trellis gave early returns that better for fresh leaf production. Open sunlight is less costly but it is not suitable for quality leaf production. Broadcasting sowing under nylon net shade seems better for leaf production and profit.

First records of powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales) on medicinal plants in Taiwan

Background Production of medicinal plants in Taiwan is not only hampered by international market competition, but also lack of knowledge of their pathogens, such as powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales, Ascomycota). Records of these fungi in Taiwan originate from few researchers for the last one hundred years and are still incomplete. Since powdery mildews in tropical/subtropical environments rarely develop the sexual stages with morphologically diagnostic characteristics, internal transcribed spacer sequences (ITS) of the ribosomal RNA genes obtained from the asexual stages have become important modern tools for species identification. Results Powdery mildews on medicinal plants from educational and ornamental plantations in Taiwan were identified based on the anamorph morphology and ITS sequences. Four powdery mildews on medicinal plants are new records for Taiwan, Arthrocladiella mougeotii on Lycium chinense, Erysiphe glycines on Pueraria lobata, Erysiphe lespedezae on Bauhinia sp., Desmodium caudatum, and Uraria crinita, and E. lonicerae on Lonicera japonica. Eryngium foetidum is a new host for Erysiphe heraclei hitherto known on other host plants in Taiwan. Eryngium foetidum and Uraria crinita are new host plants for powdery mildews worldwide. Only specific field collection of the pathogens yielded the new records, not checking plant specimens in a phanerogam herbarium. The pathogens did not cause death of the host plants, but appeared to enhance stress by infection of mature leaves. Conclusions Taxonomic study of powdery mildews in Taiwan results into new host records of economically important medicinal plants in Taiwan with potential consequences for plant production and quarantine and also shows that host records are quite incomplete worldwide. Although ITS sequences were useful for species identification, the lack of data for several species on the same host genus on the one hand and the low variation between closely related species on the other indicate the need for further study.

First records of powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales) on medicinal plants in Taiwan

Background: Production of medicinal plants in Taiwan is not only hampered by international market competition, but also lack of knowledge of their pathogens, such as powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales, Ascomycota). Records of these fungi in Taiwan originate from few researchers for the last one hundred years and are still incomplete. Since powdery mildews in tropical/subtropical environments rarely develop the sexual stages with morphologically diagnostic characteristics, internal transcribed spacer sequences (ITS) of the ribosomal RNA genes obtained from the asexual stages have become important modern tools for species identification.Results: Powdery mildews on medicinal plants from educational and ornamental plantations in Taiwan were identified based on the anamorph morphology and ITS sequences. Four powdery mildews on medicinal plants are new records for Taiwan, Arthrocladiella mougeotii on Lycium chinense, Erysiphe glycines on Pueraria lobata, Erysiphe lespedezae on Bauhinia sp., Desmodium caudatum, and Uraria crinita, and E. lonicerae on Lonicera japonica. Eryngium foetidum is a new host for Erysiphe heraclei hitherto known on other host plants in Taiwan. Eryngium foetidum and Uraria crinita are new host plants for powdery mildews worldwide. Only specific field collection of the pathogens yielded the new records, not checking plant specimens in a phanerogam herbarium. The pathogens did not cause death of the host plants, but appeared to enhance stress by infection of mature leaves.Conclusions: Taxonomic study of powdery mildews in Taiwan results into new host records of economically important medicinal plants in Taiwan with potential consequences for plant production and quarantine and also shows that host records are quite incomplete worldwide. Although ITS sequences were useful for species identification, the lack of data for several species on the same host genus on the one hand and the low variation between closely related species on the other indicate the need for further study.