scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical effects of morphactin IT 3233 on callus and tumour tissues of Nicotiana tabacum L. cultured in vitro III. Transamination processes catalysed by aminotransferase L-alanine: 2-oxoglutarate

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Chirek
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Alanine Transaminase ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
Tissue Tumour ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Alanine Production

An active alanine transaminase was found both in callus and tumour tissues of tobacco. The enzyme is more active in the latter tissue, and the reaction balance is strongly shifted towards alanine production, while in callus tissue towards glutamic acid formation. Morphactin applied to the tissue cultures stimulates markedly the enzyme activity only in callus. A negative correlation was observed between the intensity of transamination processes and enhanced synthesis of proteins in the tissues studied. Morphactin disturbs nitrogen metabolism in the callus tissue. Tumour tissue is more resistant to the action of this substance. The different hormonal activities in these tissues may be the cause of the different effects of morphactin.

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical effects of morphactin IT 3233 on callus and tumour tissues of Nicotiana tabacum L. cultured in vitro. I. Growth and nitrogen compounds content

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Z. Chirek
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Nitrogen Pool ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

A significant limitation of callus tissue growth was noted in <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> L. cultured in vitro under the influence of morphactin IT 3233 applied in 10 - 40 mg/dm<sup>3</sup> concentrations. Growth inhibition was associated with an increase in dry mass content and the contribution of protein N to the nitrogen, pool. Tumour tissue of tobacco under the same conditions reacted weaker to morphactin. Growth limitation reached 25 per cent as compared with the control, dry mass and nitrogen compounds content showed only slight variations. It is supposed that the different sensitivity of both types of tissues to morphactin is connected with their different hormonal metabolism.

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical effects of morphactin IT 3233 on callus and tumour tissues of Nicotiana tabacum L. cultured in vitro. II. Protein synthesis and respiratory activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Z. Chirek
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Callus Tissues ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

It was found that the inhibition of callus tissue growth in <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> L. cultured <i>in vitro</i> by the application of morphactin IT 3233 is associated with a rise of the protein level in spite of a 50 per cent depression of its synthesis. Respiratory activity of these tissues is also lowered. Tumour tissues, on the other hand, show only light changes in the parameters studied. It would seem that morphactin depresses a metabolic activity in the callus tissues, and probably causes deposition of a, large quantity of metabolically inactive proteins.

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical effects of morphactin IT 3233 on callus and tumour tissues of Nicotiana tabacum L. cultured in vitro. IV. IAA oxidase activity. Oat coleoptile biotest

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Chirek
Keyword(s):  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Tumour Tissue ◽  
Iaa Oxidase ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Coleoptile Elongation ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

IAA oxidase activity in callus and tumour tissue of tobacco subjected to the action of morphactin IT 3233 for shorter and longer periods was determined. Control tumour tissue shows an activity higher by about 40 per cent as compared with that of callus tissue. Morphactin applied for a short time (24-h incubation) does not change the activity of the enzyme. When application is prolonged, a considerable enhancement (up to 140%) of the enzyme activity in callus tissue is observed in dependence on the morphactin concentration. In tumour tissues the activity is stimulated by 45 per cent as compared to control. Oat coleoptile elongation growth induced by IAA is limited to 40 per cent when morphactin is added in the concentrations used for tobacco tissue cultures. The possibility of the morphactin action on tissue growth via IAA metabolism is discussed.

Inducing effect of plant cells on nitrogenase activity by Spirillum and Rhizobium in vitro

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Child ◽  
W. G. W. Kurz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
Pentose Sugar ◽  
Rhizobium Sp

Eleven different plant cell tissue cultures of both legume and non-legume origin have been grown in direct association, and in separate but close proximal association with both Spirillum lipoferum and Rhizobium sp. 32H1. Basic similarities were found in the nutritional requirement for the induction of nitrogenase activity (C2H2) in both organisms. In the absence of plant cell cultures both organisms need to be provided with a pentose sugar and a tricarboxylic acid to induce high levels of nitrogen-fixing activity. Plant cell callus tissue appears only capable of supplying the tricarboxylic acids needed but not the sugar component. The plant tissue, however, seems able to activate certain carbohydrates, which in themselves are incapable of substituting for the pentose additive.

scholarly journals Growth and Division of Single Cells of Higher Plants in Vitro

1960 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludwig Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Agar Layer ◽  
Petri Dishes

The cultivation of single cells of Nicotiana tabacum L. var. "Samsun" and Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. "Early Golden Cluster" on a thin agar layer in Petri dishes is described. Under these conditions about 20 per cent of the cells divided repeatedly and established tissue clones which could be isolated and maintained as growing tissue cultures. It was possible also to follow the successive divisions of isolated cells and to observe their behavior during cytogenesis under the microscope.

Correlation of PCB Transformation by Plant Tissue Cultures with Their Morphology and Peroxidase Activity Changes

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1497-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Kučerová ◽  
Martina Macková ◽  
Ludmila Poláchová ◽  
Jiří Burkhard ◽  
Kateřina Demnerová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Transforming Activity ◽  
Plant Tissue Cultures ◽  
Transformation Capacity

The ability of plant cells cultivated in vitro to metabolize polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was correlated with the morphology of the cultures tested as models for phytoremediation studies. More differentiated cultures showed generally higher transformation capacity. The ability of plant cells to transform PCBs is connected to their viability in the presence of PCBs and their behaviour can be positively correlated with the production of intracellular and extracellular peroxidases. The cultures with high PCB-transforming activity proved to exhibit high peroxidase activity in the presence of PCBs while those with low ability to metabolize PCB showed a decrease of the enzyme activity in the presence of PCBs. Experiments with propylgallate were used to distinguish the ratio of involvement of peroxidases in PCB metabolism.

In vitro plantlet formation from flower petal explants of Hemerocallis cv. Chipper Cherry

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 616-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Heuser ◽  
Darrel A. Apps
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Plantlet Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Flower Petal ◽  
Plantlet Formation ◽  
Yellowish Green ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Plantlet regeneration has been induced from callus tissue cultures obtained from petal parts of Hemerocallis cv. Chipper Cherry. Callus cultures capable of regenerating whole plantlets were established on the agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) (1.0 mg/litre) + kinetin (1.0 mg/litre). The callus formed was dense, yellowish-green in color, and had what appeared to be meristematic protuberances. Shoots and roots developed when the callus was subcultured on a medium lacking 2,4-D.

scholarly journals THE ENZYMATIC RESPONSE OF ASTROCYTES TO VARIOUS IONS IN VITRO

1964 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard L. Friede
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Enzymatic Changes

The effect of environmental ion concentration on the enzyme activity of astrocytes was investigated in tissue cultures of rat cerebral cortex. It was found that the oxidative enzymatic activity (succinic dehydrogenase, DPN-diaphorase, and several other enzymes) of astrocytes depended on the concentration of NaCl in the environment. This response was not specific for NaCl, but was also elicited by MgCl2 and LiCl; the response was less consistent, and often questionable for KCl. However, only NaCl could elicit enzymatic changes in astrocytes at concentrations known to be present in a living organism. Astrocytes were the only cells which responded this way; it appeared that the foot-plates were particularly involved in the response since increase of enzyme activity occurred earlier in the foot-plates than in the perikarya. It was concluded that astrocytes are metabolically involved in the maintenance of the ionic and osmotic environment of the central nervous system, particularly in regard to the active transport of sodium.

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical characteristics of persimmon varieties under various conditions of cultivation

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
N. N. Ivanova ◽  
I. V. Mitrofanova ◽  
O. A. Grebennikova ◽  
A. Е. Paliy ◽  
V. A. Brailko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Total Water Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The collection of NikitskyBotanical Gardenincludes 83 varieties of Oriental persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.). Monitoring of phytopathogens in the collection showed a low degree of tree infestation. As result of the development of a biotechnological system for subtropical fruits sanitation and propagation, we studied physiological and biochemical peculiarities in plants of two persimmon varieties (Zolotistaya and Nikitskaya Bordovaya), growing ex situ and in vitro. In the collection plots under optimal vegetation conditions (early June), the water content in leaves of intact plants was 69-73 % with water deficiency of 5-7 %, photosynthetic activity – 0,70-0,73 a. u. The content of the protective compounds was high: the proline concentration was 55,63-70,65 mg/g, ascorbic acid – 1630-2188 mg/100 g, phenolic compounds – 2284-2362 mg/100 g. The enzyme activity was low: catalase – 1,70-1,81 gO2 /g • min, superoxide dismutase – 4,60-5,98 units/g, polyphenol oxidase – 0,083-0,085 units/g • s. As the hydrothermal stress increased (late July), the total water content slightly decreased up to 61-64 %. The water deficit increased to 12 % in the leaves of ‘Nikitskaya Bordovaya’ variety and not changed in ‘Zolotistaya’ variety. The indexes of chlorophyll fl uorescence induction denoted normal functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus. The content of proline and phenolic compounds decreased while catalase and superoxide dismutase activity increased, ascorbic acid concentration and polyphenol oxidase activity changed differently. Under in vitro conditions, persimmon microshoots were cultured on MS medium with 4,0-5,0 mg/L BAP and 0,1-0,3 mg/L IBA. The total water content in leaves was high – 83-91 % (water holding capacity was higher in ‘Nikitskaya Bordovaya’ variety), indexes of chlorophyll fl uorescence induction: (Fm-Fst)/ Fm = 0,54-0,60 a. u. The content of protective compounds and the enzyme activity were lower than in intact plants. Thus, eastern persimmon plants in various conditions of cultivation have a high degree of resistance to stress. 

scholarly journals Stimulation of Nicotiana tabacum L. In Vitro Shoot Growth by Endophytic Bacillus cereus Group Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1893
Author(s):  
Elena Andriūnaitė ◽  
Inga Tamošiūnė ◽  
Monika Aleksandravičiūtė ◽  
Dalia Gelvonauskienė ◽  
Jurgita Vinskienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Bacillus Cereus Group ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Plant Tissue Cultures ◽  
In Vitro Plant

In vitro plant tissue cultures face various unfavorable conditions, such as mechanical damage, osmotic shock, and phytohormone imbalance, which can be detrimental to culture viability, growth efficiency, and genetic stability. Recent studies have revealed a presence of diverse endophytic bacteria, suggesting that engineering of the endophytic microbiome of in vitro plant tissues has the potential to improve their acclimatization and growth. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify cultivated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) endophytic bacteria isolates that are capable of promoting the biomass accumulation of in vitro tobacco shoots. Forty-five endophytic bacteria isolates were obtained from greenhouse-grown tobacco plant leaves and were assigned to seven Bacillus spp. and one Pseudomonas sp. based on 16S rRNA or genome sequence data. To evaluate the bacterial effect on in vitro plant growth, tobacco shoots were inoculated with 22 isolates selected from distinct taxonomic groups. Four isolates of Bacillus cereus group species B. toyonensis, B. wiedmannii and B. mycoides promoted shoot growth by 11–21%. Furthermore, a contrasting effect on shoot growth was found among several isolates of the same species, suggesting the presence of strain-specific interaction with the plant host. Comparative analysis of genome assemblies was performed on the two closely related B. toyonensis isolates with contrasting plant growth-modulating properties. This revealed distinct structures of the genomic regions, including a putative enzyme cluster involved in the biosynthesis of linear azol(in)e-containing peptides and polysaccharides. However, the function of these clusters and their significance in plant-promoting activity remains elusive, and the observed contrasting effects on shoot growth are more likely to result from genomic sequence variations leading to differences in metabolic or gene expression activity. The Bacillus spp. isolates with shoot-growth-promoting properties have a potential application in improving the growth of plant tissue cultures in vitro.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document