Dynamics and systematic position of  Thelypteridi-Phragmitetum Kuiper 1957

The author discusses the arising of Thelypteridi-Phragmitetum phytocenoses, their place in the zonal vegetation pattern and in plant succession. The diagnostic value of Dryopteris thelypteris and the syntaxonomic position of Thelypteridi-Phragmitetum are explained. This association is classified to the alliance Phragmition. A synthetic table is given with 480 phytosociological records representing the association studied, and a map of distribution of its sites or groups of sites reported to date in Poland.

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Directional motives and different priors are observationally equivalent

10.31219/osf.io/b8tvk ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew T. Little

Keyword(s):

Observational Studies ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Motivated Reasoning ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Partisan Bias ◽

Political Beliefs ◽

Dynamic Setting ◽

Or Groups ◽

Fully Bayesian ◽

Practical Implications

Many experimental and observational studies use the way that subjects respond to information as evidence that partisan bias or directional motives influence (or do not influence) political beliefs. For a natural and tractable formulation belief formation with both accuracy and directional motives, this is not possible. Any subject influenced by directional motives has a "Fully Bayesian Equivalent" with identical beliefs upon observing any signal. As a result, comparing how individuals or groups with different partisanship or priors respond to information has no diagnostic value in detecting motivated reasoning, even in a multivariate or dynamic setting. Conversely, providing a ``Bayesian rationalization'' consistent with a pattern of updating is not meaningful evidence for a lack of directional motives. These results have theoretical implications for the convergence of beliefs among those with directional motives and practical implications for empirical studies that aim to detect directional motives.

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Mire vegetation gradient established as a result of interaction with a water reservoir

Botany ◽

10.1139/b08-067 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 86 (10) ◽

pp. 1205-1216

Author(s):

Petr Horn ◽

Marek Bastl

Keyword(s):

Lake Water ◽

Water Reservoir ◽

Vegetation Pattern ◽

Water Levels ◽

Peat Bog ◽

Vegetation Development ◽

Mire Vegetation ◽

Zonal Vegetation ◽

Canary Grass ◽

Vegetation Gradient

In 1958, 85% of the peat-bog complex Kyselovský les, in the Czech Republic, was flooded with water from the Lipno reservoir. A new vegetation pattern has spontaneously developed in the newly established shoreline and replaced the original peat-bog vegetation dominated by bog pine ( Pinus rotundata Link) forest. This vegetation pattern consists of zonal strips with relatively sharp borders. This zonation is a mosaic of sedge fens, reed canary grass ( Phalaris arundinacea L.) beds, tussock cottongrass ( Eriophorum vaginatum L.) stands, and a community dominated by ericaceous shrubs. The study focused on the vegetation development of this zonal vegetation. Measurements of the water table level, groundwater pH, and conductivity, together with terrain microtopography, were done to estimate the ways in which the water reservoir influences the mire vegetation. The most important factor is lake water fluctuation, which explained most of the vegetation gradient variability. Lake water fluctuations were represented by lake water levels, which directly flooded a certain part of the gradient from 1990 to 2006 for a known number of days.

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Diagnostic Value of Electron Microscopy in Soft Tissue Tumors

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100068096 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 220-221

Author(s):

Gerald Fine ◽

Azorides R. Morales

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Myxoma ◽

Osteogenic Sarcoma ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Soft Tissue Tumors ◽

Amelanotic Melanoma ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Light Microscopic Level ◽

Mesenchymal Tumors ◽

Good Agreement

For years the separation of carcinoma and sarcoma and the subclassification of sarcomas has been based on the appearance of the tumor cells and their microscopic growth pattern and information derived from certain histochemical and special stains. Although this method of study has produced good agreement among pathologists in the separation of carcinoma from sarcoma, it has given less uniform results in the subclassification of sarcomas. There remain examples of neoplasms of different histogenesis, the classification of which is questionable because of similar cytologic and growth patterns at the light microscopic level; i.e. amelanotic melanoma versus carcinoma and occasionally sarcoma, sarcomas with an epithelial pattern of growth simulating carcinoma, histologically similar mesenchymal tumors of different histogenesis (histiocytoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma, lytic osteogenic sarcoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma), and myxomatous mesenchymal tumors of diverse histogenesis (myxoid rhabdo and liposarcomas, cardiac myxoma, myxoid neurofibroma, etc.)

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