scholarly journals Participation of labile and stabile phytochrome in the control of chlorophyll accumulation during the deetiolation of oat seedlings

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Mariusz Cymerski ◽  
Jan Kopcewicz
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
White Light ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Phytochrome A ◽  
Etiolated Seedlings ◽  
Chlorophyll Accumulation ◽  
Phytochrome System ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B

The effect of the phytochrome system on the accumulation rate of chlorophyll-a and b in 96-hour-old oat seedlings during the first 3 hours of white light action was investigated. It was established that initial irradiation with red light stimulated the accumulation rate of both forms of chlorophyll. This effect depended on the level of the P<sub>FR</sub> form of phytochrome obtained during the initial irradiation and it reached the treshold value in the case of about 20% of P<sub>FR</sub> in relation to P<sub>R</sub> in etiolated seedlings. Far red light stimulated only the accumulation of chlorophyll-a. The effect of red light was reversible if far red light was applied directly after red light. The reversibility diminished gradually together with the extension of the dark period between red and far red light, disappearing completely after 6 hours. The results suggest the participation of two pools of phytochrome - a labile and a stabile one - in the reaction stimulating chlorophyll accumulation. A model of labile phytochrome action through the destruction products of phytochrome is proposed.

Light-Induced Accumulation and Stability of Chlorophylls and Chlorophyll-Proteins during Chloroplast Development in Radish Seedlings

1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Lichtenthaler ◽  
G. Burkard ◽  
G. Kuhn ◽  
U. Prenzel
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Suitable Parameter ◽  
Chlorophyll Accumulation ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Chlorophyll Protein ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Radish Seedlings

Abstract Illumination of 3 day old etiolated radish seedlings with continuous white light results in a progressive accumulation of chlorophyll a and b. Both pigments are bound in a different way to the thylakoid chlorophyll-proteins, which appear parallel to the formation of chlorophylls. By applying the SDS-PAGE method to SDS-digested chloroplasts, it was possible to show that the chloroplasts of radish cotyledons contain the typical chlorophyll proteins LHCP1-3, CPa, CPI and CPIa which have been found in other plants. Between LHCP1 and CPI an additional chlorophyll protein is detected with the spectral properties of a LHCP; it is termed here LHCPy. When the green plants are transferred to continuous darkness, chlorophylls and the chlorophyll-proteins are progressively degraded. At an early stage of greening chlorophyll b is destroyed at a much higher rate in darkness than chlorophyll a, which yields high chlorophyll a/b ratios. This is paralleled by a faster decrease in the level of the corresponding chloro­phyll a/b-protein LHCP3 than of CPI. At a later stage of greening, after the end of the logarithmic chlorophyll accumulation, the chlorophylls a and b and also the LHCP3 and CPI are destroyed in continuous darkness at equal rates; the a/b ratios and the LHCP3/CPI ratios are then little different from the light control. The data indicate that at an early stage of greening the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein LHCP3 is less stable than the other chlorophyll-proteins (CPI, CPIa, CPa), which contain pre­ dominantly chlorophyll a. The ratio chlorophyll a to β-carotene (a/c ratio) of CPIa, CPI and CPa is about 10, while that of the LHCP1-3 is found to be between 150 to 300. We therefore propose using the a/c ratio to define the chlorophyll-proteins which, besides the absorption spectra, is the most suitable parameter.

scholarly journals End-Of-Day LED Lightings Influence the Leaf Color, Growth and Phytochemicals in Two Cultivars of Lettuce

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamin Li ◽  
Rui Shi ◽  
Haozhao Jiang ◽  
Linyuan Wu ◽  
Yiting Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
White Light ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Plant Factory

Four light treatments (W: white light; EOD-B: end-of-day enhanced blue light; EOD-FR: end-of-day supplementary far-red light; EOD-UV: end-of-day supplementary ultraviolet-A light) were designed to explore the effects of end-of-day (EOD) lightings (30 min before dark period) on leaf color, biomass and phytochemicals accumulation in two lettuce cultivars (Lactuca sativa cv. ‘Red butter’ and ‘Green butter’) in artificial light plant factory. EOD-FR stimulated the plant and shoot biomass of two cultivars, and EOD-B suppressed the growth of ‘Red butter’ but induced higher biomass in ‘Green butter’. EOD lightings generated brighter, greener and yellower leaf in ‘Red butter’ at harvest, but the highest lightness and the deepest redness of ‘Green butter’ leaf were observed in the middle growth stage. ‘Red butter’ had prominent higher contents of chlorophylls and carotenoids, while these pigments showed less sensitivity to the interaction of cultivars and EOD lightings. EOD lightings impeded the accumulation of anthocyanin in two cultivars, except EOD-UV slightly increased the anthocyanin contents in ‘Green butter’. EOD-UV strengthened the antioxidant capability of ‘Green butter’, but EOD lightings had different effects on the antioxidant and nutritional compound contents in two lettuce cultivars.

Die Wirkung von Phytochrom auf die Bildung von Einzelcarotinoiden in etiolierten Horde um -Keimlingen / The Influence of Phytochrome on the Formation of Individual Carotenoids in Etiolated Hordeum Seedlings

1975 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 67-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans K. Kleudgen ◽  
Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Light Effects ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract Short time red pulses, given 6 times for 5 min within 36 h, induce in etiolated barley seedlings an enhanced synthesis of the main chloroplast carotenoids β-carotene, violaxanthine, lutein and neoxanthine. The level of antheraxanthine and zeaxanthine decreases by red light treatment. These red light effects are reverted by subsequent short time far-red pulses. The results show that the white light induced change in the accumulation rate of individual carotenoids is initiated and regulated by active phytochrome Pfr . In the case of neoxanthin and zeaxanthin the red light effects cannot be fully reverted by far-red; this points to very fast phytochrome reaction.

scholarly journals Specific Light-Emitting Diodes Can Suppress Sporulation of Podosphaera pannosa on Greenhouse Roses

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 1105-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Suthaparan ◽  
S. Torre ◽  
A. Stensvand ◽  
M. L. Herrero ◽  
R. I. Pettersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
White Light ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Dark Interval ◽  
Red Leds

When rose plants bearing colonies of Podosphaera pannosa were placed in a wind tunnel, the number of conidia trapped was directly proportional to intensity of daylight-balanced (white) light from 5 to 150 μmol m–2 s–1. Illumination of samples using blue (420 to 520 nm) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) increased the number of conidia trapped by a factor of approximately 2.7 over white light but germination of conidia under blue light was reduced by approximately 16.5% compared with conidia germination under white light. The number of conidia trapped under far-red (>685 nm) LEDs was approximately 4.7 times higher than in white light, and 13.3 times higher than under red (575 to 675 nm) LEDs, and germination was not induced compared with white light. When mildewed plants were exposed to cycles of 18 h of white light followed by 6 h of blue, red, far-red light, or darkness, light from the red LEDs reduced the number of conidia trapped by approximately 88% compared with darkness or far-red light. Interrupting the above dark period with 1 h of light from red LEDs also reduced the number of conidia trapped, while a 1-h period of light from far-red following the 1 h of light from red LEDs nullified the suppressive effect of red light. Our results indicate that brief exposure to red light during the dark interval may be as effective as continuous illumination in suppressing powdery mildew in greenhouse rose plant (Rosa × hybrida).

The Esterification of Chlorophyllide a in Greening Bean Leaves

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 712-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegrid Schoch
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
White Light ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Chlorophyll A Biosynthesis ◽  
Bean Leaves

Abstract The accumulation of esterfied chlorophyll a (Chl a) in etiolated bean leaves was determined during a dark period of 60 minutes after 1 minute irradiation with white light. The separation of the pigments esterified with geranylgeraniol (GG), dihydrogeranylgeraniol (DHGG), tetrahydrogeranylgeraniol (THGG) and phytol (P) was performed by HPLC. The last step for chlorophyll a biosynthesis is confirmed to be an esterification of chlorophyllide a to ChlGG followed by a stepwise hydrogenation of the pigment-bounded alcohols to ChlDHGG and ChlTHGG and finally to Chl a.

scholarly journals Transcriptional regulation of a gene encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in soybean tissue is linked to the phytochrome response.

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1910-1917 ◽  
Author(s):  
S L Berry-Lowe ◽  
R B Meagher
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
White Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Subunit Gene ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Subunit Mrna ◽  
Etiolated Seedlings ◽  
Soybean Tissue

The effects of white light, far-red light, and darkness on the transcription of a soybean ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase small subunit gene, SRS1, were investigated. RNA was labeled with [alpha-32P]UTP in nuclei isolated from plants grown under different conditions of light and darkness and used to probe Southern blots and dot blots. The levels of small subunit mRNA synthesis were normalized to ribosomal RNA synthesis. We demonstrate that the SRS1 gene is transcribed at a rate 16- to 32-fold higher in plants grown in the light than in those grown in darkness. Transcription of the small subunit increased dramatically when plants grown in darkness were given 30 min to 6 h of light and then leveled off after 24 to 48 h of exposure. When light-grown seedlings were exposed to greater than 2 h of darkness, a gradual decrease in transcription was detected. This decrease in transcription reached basal dark-grown levels after 48 h of exposure to darkness. The increase in transcription in etiolated seedlings treated with white light for 15 min could be reduced to basal levels if the treatment was followed by treatment with far-red light for 15 min. In addition, transcription in ligh-grown seedlings was reduced to basal levels when plants were exposed to far-red light for 15 min. The transcription of this ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase small subunit gene is strongly positively regulated by white light, is negatively regulated by far-red light, and exhibits a classic phytochrome-linked response.

The effects of blue and red light on Acetabularia mediterranea after a long dark period: recovery of the endogenous rhythms of transcellular electrical potential and chloroplast velocity

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1134-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Borghi ◽  
Simone Puiseux-Dao ◽  
Anne-Catherine Dazy
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
White Light ◽  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Endogenous Rhythms ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Acetabularia Mediterranea

After a long dark period (2 – 8 weeks), the transcellular electrical potential along the cell of Acetabularia mediterranea has almost disappeared and cytoplasmic streaming is at a stop. Irradiation with continuous blue light (450 nm) induces the transcellular electrical potential to increase and oscillate. After two shorter oscillations, the rhythm becomes firmly established with a period around 23 h. This behaviour is similar to that observed in white light, where the final period is around 26 h. White light and blue light induce the appearance of endogenous diurnal oscillations in the velocity of the cytoplasmic streaming which resumes following a periodicity pattern similar to that of the transcellular electrical potential. Irradiation with continuous red light (650 nm) causes a strong increase of transcellular electrical potential and recovery of cytoplasmic streaming but seldom induces these two processes to resume with the typical oscillations. However, after irradiation with blue light, the rhythm of transcellular electrical potential persists for some time in red light but disappears progressively. When blue light is given after red light, the transcellular electrical potential rhythm resumes immediately. Blue light may be considered as a "Zeitgeber."

Veränderungen der Pigment-und Prenylchinongehalte in Chloroplasten von Gerstenkeimlingen nach Applikation des Wuchsstoffherbizids MCPA (4-Chlor-2-methylphenoxyessigsäure)/Changes of the Amounts of Pigments and Prenylquinones in Chloroplasts of Hordeum vulgare — Seedlings Treated with the Growth Regulating Herbicide MCPA (4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic Acid)

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Kleudgen
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
White Light ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Chlorophyll Accumulation ◽  
Herbicide Concentration ◽  
Reduced Forms

Abstract MCPA (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid) was applied (1, 10, 100 μᴍ/ 1) via the roots to 4 day old etiolated barley seedlings, which were subjected to continuous white light at the same time. The prenyllipids of chloroplasts (chlorophylls, carotenoids, prenylquinones) were determined 7 and 10 days after sowing.Chlorophyll accumulation was reduced by up to 40% compared to the control depending on the herbicide concentration. The formation of carotenoids was inhibited to a lower degree, the ratio xanthophylls/carotenes being increased. There were decreasing ratios of chlorophyll a/benzoquinones and a higher inhibition of the oxidized benzoquinones plastoquinone-9 and α-tocoquinone compared to the reduced forms plastohydroquinone-9 and α-tocopherol.Very similar changes had been observed in earlier works on barley seedlings undergoing an artificial degeneration of their chloroplasts in the dark. It is suggested that MCPA induces a state of senescence in the prenyllipid metabolism of the photosynthetic apparatus, which is cor­ related with respect to structure, to a reduction of the pigment antennae.

Transcriptional regulation of a gene encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in soybean tissue is linked to the phytochrome response

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1910-1917
Author(s):  
S L Berry-Lowe ◽  
R B Meagher
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
White Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Subunit Gene ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Subunit Mrna ◽  
Etiolated Seedlings ◽  
Soybean Tissue

The effects of white light, far-red light, and darkness on the transcription of a soybean ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase small subunit gene, SRS1, were investigated. RNA was labeled with [alpha-32P]UTP in nuclei isolated from plants grown under different conditions of light and darkness and used to probe Southern blots and dot blots. The levels of small subunit mRNA synthesis were normalized to ribosomal RNA synthesis. We demonstrate that the SRS1 gene is transcribed at a rate 16- to 32-fold higher in plants grown in the light than in those grown in darkness. Transcription of the small subunit increased dramatically when plants grown in darkness were given 30 min to 6 h of light and then leveled off after 24 to 48 h of exposure. When light-grown seedlings were exposed to greater than 2 h of darkness, a gradual decrease in transcription was detected. This decrease in transcription reached basal dark-grown levels after 48 h of exposure to darkness. The increase in transcription in etiolated seedlings treated with white light for 15 min could be reduced to basal levels if the treatment was followed by treatment with far-red light for 15 min. In addition, transcription in ligh-grown seedlings was reduced to basal levels when plants were exposed to far-red light for 15 min. The transcription of this ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase small subunit gene is strongly positively regulated by white light, is negatively regulated by far-red light, and exhibits a classic phytochrome-linked response.

scholarly journals The Preferences of Different Cultivars of Lettuce Seedlings (Lactuca sativa L.) for the Spectral Composition of Light

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Barbara Frąszczak ◽  
Monika Kula-Maximenko
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
White Light ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Relative Chlorophyll Content

The spectrum of light significantly influences the growth of plants cultivated in closed systems. Five lettuce cultivars with different leaf colours were grown under white light (W, 170 μmol m−2 s−1) and under white light with the addition of red (W + R) or blue light (W + B) (230 μmol m−2 s−1). The plants were grown until they reached the seedling phase (30 days). Each cultivar reacted differently to the light spectrum applied. The red-leaved cultivar exhibited the strongest plasticity in response to the spectrum. The blue light stimulated the growth of the leaf surface in all the plants. The red light negatively influenced the length of leaves in the cultivars, but it positively affected their number in red and dark-green lettuce. It also increased the relative chlorophyll content and fresh weight gain in the cultivars containing anthocyanins. When the cultivars were grown under white light, they had longer leaves and higher value of the leaf shape index. The light-green cultivars had a greater fresh weight. Both the addition of blue and red light significantly increased the relative chlorophyll content in the dark-green cultivar. The spectrum enhanced with blue light had positive influence on most of the parameters under analysis in butter lettuce cultivars. These cultivars were also characterised by the highest absorbance of blue light.

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