scholarly journals Isoenzymatic and cytological studies of some Asiatic species of the genus Salsola

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Wojnicka-Półtorak ◽  
Ewa Chudzińska ◽  
Elena Shuiskay ◽  
Hanna Barczak ◽  
Kristina Toderich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Directional Selection ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Isozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Asiatic Species ◽  
Haematoxylin Staining

The genetic and cytological variability of population of three <em>Salsola</em> species from Asia was investigated, using isozyme electrophoresis and haematoxylin staining. Eight enzyme systems, representing 14-17 loci, were examined: 6PGD, DIA, G6PD, GDH, GOT, MDH, PGM and PGI. Analysis of the chromosome number revealed that the three species have the same number of chromosomes: <em>2n=18</em>. Parameters describing genetic diversity indicate a very low level of genetic variation of the studied populations. The isozyme data support hypothesis that strong directional selection can result in lower level of genetic variation of arid plant populations.

Genetic diversity and population structure of Tarek (Alburnus tarichi), an endemic species to the Lake Van basin, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Yılmaz Çiftci ◽  
Oğuzhan Eroğlu ◽  
Şirin Firidin ◽  
Hacı Savaş ◽  
Yusuf Bektaş
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Lake Van ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Lake Van Basin ◽  
Sustainable Fishery

In this study, the genetic relationships of 804 tarek (Alburnus tarichi) samples from a total of 18 populations, including the potamodromus and resident individuals from Lake Van basin in eastern Turkey, were studied by using nine microsatellite loci. A total of 93 alleles was detected, and the average number of alleles per locus was 10.3 ± 3.39. The mean estimated observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.340 ± 0.016 and 0.362 ± 0.015, respectively, which indicated a low level of polymorphism. After Bonferroni correction (P < 0.0027), the multi-locus test applied to each population revealed that 12 out of 18 populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (P = 0.0120–0.9981). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed more than 76% genetic variability within individuals and 19% among populations, which was significantly higher than zero (FST = 0.19), and furthermore, a low level of genetic variation was observed among individuals within populations (4.84%: FIS = 0.06). Bayesian clustering analysis indicated that the total genetic variation grouped into 3 clusters. Additionally, the significance test results revealed that 11 of the 18 populations are threatened with extinction due to recent bottleneck events.We conclude that the tarek populations from the Lake Van basin can be classified into distinct genetic groups, based on microsatellite information. In addition, our results provide essential information for the development of a management plan that conserves the tarek's genetic diversity and achieves a sustainable fishery.

scholarly journals Genetic variation and genetic structure within metapopulations of two closely related selfing and outcrossing Zingiber species (Zingiberaceae)

AoB Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Huang ◽  
Zong-Dian Zhang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Ying-Qiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
Plant Populations

Abstract Habitat fragmentation strongly affects the genetic diversity of plant populations, and this has always attracted much research interest. Although numerous studies have investigated the effects of habitat fragmentation on the genetic diversity of plant populations, fewer studies have compared species with contrasting breeding systems while accounting for phylogenetic distance. Here, we compare the levels of genetic diversity and differentiation within and among subpopulations in metapopulations (at fine-scale level) of two closely related Zingiber species, selfing Zingiber corallinum and outcrossing Zingiber nudicarpum. Comparisons of the genetic structure of species from unrelated taxa may be confounded by the effects of correlated ecological traits or/and phylogeny. Thus, we possibly reveal the differences in genetic diversity and spatial distribution of genetic variation within metapopulations that relate to mating systems. Compared to outcrossing Z. nudicarpum, the subpopulation genetic diversity in selfing Z. corallinum was significantly lower, but the metapopulation genetic diversity was not different. Most genetic variation resided among subpopulations in selfing Z. corallinum metapopulations, while a significant portion of variation resided either within or among subpopulations in outcrossing Z. nudicarpum, depending on whether the degree of subpopulation isolation surpass the dispersal ability of pollen and seed. A stronger spatial genetic structure appeared within subpopulations of selfing Z. corallinum potentially due to restricted pollen flow and seed dispersal. In contrast, a weaker genetic structure was apparent in subpopulations of outcrossing Z. nudicarpum most likely caused by extensive pollen movement. Our study shows that high genetic variation can be maintained within metapopulations of selfing Zingiber species, due to increased genetic differentiation intensified primarily by the stochastic force of genetic drift among subpopulations. Therefore, maintenance of natural variability among subpopulations in fragmented areas is key to conserve the full range of genetic diversity of selfing Zingiber species. For outcrossing Zingiber species, maintenance of large populations is an important factor to enhance genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) by using RAPD markers

Revista CERES ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Filipi Rodrigues Guimarães ◽  
Silvia Nietsche ◽  
Márcia Regina Costa ◽  
Glaucia Bethania Rocha Moreira ◽  
Marlon Cristian Toledo Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Molecular Grouping

Genetic diversity in a collection of 64 sugar apple accessions collected from different municipalities in northern Minas Gerais was assessed by RAPD analysis. Using 20 selected RAPD primers 167 fragments were generated, of which 48 were polymorphic (28.7%) producing an average of 2.4 polymorphic fragments per primer. Low percentage of polymorphism (< 29%) was observed by using the set of primers indicating low level of genetic variation among the 64 accessions evaluated. Genetic relationships were estimated using Jaccard's coefficient of similarity. Accessions from different municipalities clustered together indicating no correlation between molecular grouping and geographical origin. The dendrogram revealed five clusters. The first cluster grouped C19 and G29 accessions collected from the municipalities of Verdelândia and Monte Azul, respectively. The second cluster grouped G16 and B11 accessions collected from the municipalities of Monte Azul and Coração de Jesus, respectively. The remaining accessions were grouped in three clusters, with 8, 15 and 37 accessions, respectively. In summary, RAPD showed a low percentage of polymorphism in the germplasm collection.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Plant Species in Glacier National Park: Implications for Management

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Thomas Mitchell-Olds
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
National Park ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Glacier National Park ◽  
Isozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Local Environments

Glacier National Park (GNP) is responsible for the management and preservation of biological diversity in the natural populations of plants and animals occurring within its boundaries. Information on existing levels of genetic variation within and among populations is a prerequisite for developing management strategies to maintain genetic diversity and to perform revegetation activities. We are using two methods to assess levels of genetic diversity and differentiation among populations: quantitative genetic analysis and isozyme (electrophoresis) analysis. To examine whether patterns of genetic variation and adaptation to local environments require that sites be revegetated with plants collected from nearby natural populations, or alternatively, whether transplants could be obtained from other sources; we are focussing on three experimental areas: 1. quantitative genetics; 2. electrophoresis, and 3. natural selection.

scholarly journals Low level of genetic variation within Melica transsilvanica populations from the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland and the Pieniny Mts revealed by AFLPs analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szczepaniak ◽  
Elżbieta Cieślak
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Fragmented Distribution ◽  
Hierarchical Amova ◽  
Continuous Range

Fragmented distribution, the breeding system and effects of genetic drift in small-size populations occurring at edge of the species range play an important role in shaping genetic diversity of such a species. <em>Melica transsilvanica</em> is a plant rare in the flora of Poland, where it reaches the northern limit of its continuous range. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) DNA profiling method was applied to measure genetic diversity among and within populations of <em>M. transsilvanica</em>. Additionally, genetic relationships between M. transsilvanica and Melica ciliata, two closely related species, were explored. A total of 68 plants from 7 populations of <em>M. transsilvanica</em> and 24 plants from 2 populations of <em>M. ciliata</em>, collected in Poland and outside it, were analyzed. Using 294 AFLP fragments from 3 primer combinations, accessions were grouped into two major clusters associating with <em>M. ciliata</em> and <em>M. transsilvanica</em>, respectively. Further, two subclusters, corresponding to the samples collected from the Pieniny Mts and from the Kraków - Częstochowa Upland were clearly distinguished within the <em>M. transsilvanica</em> group. The hierarchical AMOVA exhibited significant genetic distinction between these geographic regions (60.89%, p &lt; 0.001). The obtained results showed that the most genetic diversity resided between the populations of <em>M. transsilvanica</em> (86.03%) while considerably lower genetic variation was found within the populations (13.97%), which is consistent with the results reported for self-plants. The low level of AFLP genetic variation of <em>M. transsilvanica</em> can be caused by the geographic isolation of populations, which preserves the dominant self-mating breeding system of the species. Individual populations of <em>M. transsilvanica</em> are characterized by isolated gene pools differing by a small number of loci.

scholarly journals Potential effects of life history on demographic genetic structure in stage-structured plant populations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Tsuzuki ◽  
Takenori Takada ◽  
Masashi Ohara
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Life History ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Neutral Locus ◽  
Two Indices

Standing genetic variation, or genetic diversity, is a source of adaptive evolution, and is crucial for long-term population persistence under environmental changes. One empirical method to predict the temporal dynamics of standing genetic variation in age- or stage-structured populations is to compare genetic diversity and composition among age/stage classes. The resultant within-population genetic structure, sometimes referred to as demographic genetic structure, has been regarded as a proxy of potential genetic changes that accompany sequential generation turnover. However, especially in stage-structured plant populations, individuals in more juvenile stages do not necessarily represent future populations, as they might die, stop growing, or retrogress over the course of life history. How demographic genetic structure is subjected to life history and whether it is a good proxy of temporal genetic dynamics had remained unclear. Here, we developed a matrix model which well describes temporal dynamics of expected heterozygosity, a common proxy of genetic diversity, for a neutral locus in stage-structured populations under equilibrium assumption. Based on the model, two indices of demographic genetic structure were formulated: relative ratio of expected heterozygosity and genetic differentiation among stage classes. We found that the two indices were largely determined by stable stage distribution and population size, and that they did not show clear correlations with the change rate of genetic diversity, indicating that inferring future genetic diversity from demographic genetic structure conventionally is misleading. Our study facilitates reliable interpretation on empirical demographic genetic data.

scholarly journals Evolution in plant populations as a driver of ecological changes in arthropod communities

2009 ◽  
Vol 364 (1523) ◽  
pp. 1593-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc T.J. Johnson ◽  
Mark Vellend ◽  
John R. Stinchcombe
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Life History ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Directional Selection ◽  
Oenothera Biennis ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Evolution By Natural Selection

Heritable variation in traits can have wide-ranging impacts on species interactions, but the effects that ongoing evolution has on the temporal ecological dynamics of communities are not well understood. Here, we identify three conditions that, if experimentally satisfied, support the hypothesis that evolution by natural selection can drive ecological changes in communities. These conditions are: (i) a focal population exhibits genetic variation in a trait(s), (ii) there is measurable directional selection on the trait(s), and (iii) the trait(s) under selection affects variation in a community variable(s). When these conditions are met, we expect evolution by natural selection to cause ecological changes in the community. We tested these conditions in a field experiment examining the interactions between a native plant ( Oenothera biennis ) and its associated arthropod community (more than 90 spp.). Oenothera biennis exhibited genetic variation in several plant traits and there was directional selection on plant biomass, life-history strategy (annual versus biennial reproduction) and herbivore resistance. Genetically based variation in biomass and life-history strategy consistently affected the abundance of common arthropod species, total arthropod abundance and arthropod species richness. Using two modelling approaches, we show that evolution by natural selection in large O. biennis populations is predicted to cause changes in the abundance of individual arthropod species, increases in the total abundance of arthropods and a decline in the number of arthropod species. In small O. biennis populations, genetic drift is predicted to swamp out the effects of selection, making the evolution of plant populations unpredictable. In short, evolution by natural selection can play an important role in affecting the dynamics of communities, but these effects depend on several ecological factors. The framework presented here is general and can be applied to other systems to examine the community-level effects of ongoing evolution.

Do island plant populations really have lower genetic variation than mainland populations? Effects of selection and distribution range on genetic diversity estimates

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 726-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. García-Verdugo ◽  
M. Sajeva ◽  
T. La Mantia ◽  
C. Harrouni ◽  
F. Msanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Diversity Estimates

Genetic Analysis of Chinese Cucumber Collections in the U.S. National Germplasm Collection

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 534e-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Staub ◽  
Felix Sequen ◽  
Tom Horejsi ◽  
Jin Feng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
National Plant Germplasm System ◽  
The U.S

Genetic variation in cucumber accessions from China was assessed by examining variation at 21 polymorphic isozyme loci. Principal component analysis of allelic variation allowed for the depiction of two distinct groupings of Chinese accessions collected in 1994 and 1996 (67 accessions). Six isozyme loci (Gpi, Gr, Mdh-2, Mpi-2, Pep-gl, and Pep-la) were important in elucidating these major groups. These groupings were different from a single grouping of Chinese 146 accessions acquired before 1994. Allelic variation in Chinese accessions allowed for comparisons with other accessions in the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (U.S. NPGS) collection grouped by continent and sub-continent. When Chinese accessions taken collectively were compared with an array of 853 C. sativus U.S. NPGS accessions examined previously, relationships differed between accessions grouped by country or subcontinent. Data indicate that acquisition of additional Chinese and Indian cucumber accessions would be strategically important for increasing genetic diversity in the U.S. NPGS cucumber collection.

Genetic variation for micronutrients and study of genetic diversity in diverse germplasm of rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
S.K. TRIPATHY
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document