MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE COMPOSITION OF THE CITY OF PERM, RUSSIA: MAIN CHANGES OVER TIME

This paper compares the behavioural models of municipal solid waste (MSW) using the corresponding experimental data. To do so, the proposed models are first reviewed and, then, the algorithms and codes of different models are written. After obtaining each model’s algorithm, the same experimental data are considered as input, and the strain–stress curve is plotted for each model. In the first method, the total strain in the waste is obtained based on the summation of the elastic, plastic, biological, and creep strains. Afterward, the equivalent stress is obtained. In this method, using biological changes over time, the age of the waste is calculated as an effective parameter in MSW behaviour. Moreover, the effect of creep on the waste is considered independently. In the second algorithm, MSW is considered as fibre and paste material, and the strain–stress curve is obtained. In this method, the waste is considered as a soil model, and the effect of different parameters are calculated. Due to the complexity of the MSW behaviour and considering various parameters, such as the age of the waste, E changes over time, creep, and biological changes, the Krase model has less error than the other models. Using the soil behaviour model for the waste has a significant error, indicating the difference between the results for the behaviours of the two substances.

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A review of municipal solid waste composition and quantities in Poland

Waste Management ◽

10.1016/j.wasman.2009.09.018 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 369-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Emilia den Boer ◽

Andrzej Jędrczak ◽

Zygmunt Kowalski ◽

Joanna Kulczycka ◽

Ryszard Szpadt

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Waste Composition

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Seasonal Variation Analysis Method of GHG at Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12187425 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (18) ◽

pp. 7425

Author(s):

Seongmin Kang ◽

Joonyoung Roh ◽

Eui-chan Jeon

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variation ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Waste Incineration ◽

Seasonal Effect ◽

Waste Incinerator ◽

Waste Composition

The greenhouse gas emissions of the waste incineration sector account for approximately 43% of the total GHG emissions and represent the majority of the CO2 emissions from waste in Korea. Improving the reliability of the GHG inventory of the waste incineration sector is an important aspect for the examination of global GHG emission management according to the Paris Agreement. In this study, we introduced a statistical approach to analyze seasonal changes through analysis of waste composition and CO2 concentration in Municipal Solid Waste incinerators and applied the methodology to one case study facility. The analysis results in the case study showed that there was no seasonal variation in waste composition and CO2 concentrations, except for wood. Wood is classified as biomass, and the GHG emissions caused by biomass incineration are reported separately, indicating that the effect of an MSW incinerator on GHG emissions is not significant. Therefore, the seasonal effect of CO2 concentration or waste composition may not be an impact when calculating GHG emissions from case study facilities’ MSW incinerators. This study proposed an approach for analyzing factors that affect the GHG inventory reliability by analyzing seasonal characteristics and variation through the statistical analysis, which are used for the calculation of the GHG emissions of an MSW incinerator.

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AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN MEDIEVAL MOSCOW (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS IN THE MOSCOW KREMLIN IN 2016-2018)

Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА) ◽

10.25681/iaras.0130-2620.257.374-392 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Е.Ю. Лебедева ◽

А.Ю. Сергеев

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Crop Plants ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Exotic Plant ◽

European Cities ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

The City ◽

Insight Into ◽

Archaeological Excavations ◽

Over Time

В статье представлены результаты археоботанических исследований в Московском Кремле и обсуждается проблема использования растений жителями города с особым акцентом на потреблении зерновой продукции. Материалы рассматриваются по двум хронологическим выборкам (XII - перв. пол. XIII в. и втор. пол. XIII - XV в.), что позволяет проследить динамику изменения археоботанических спектров. Выделяются три специфические черты, характеризующие коллекцию зерновых в Москве. Во-первых, высокая насыщенность зерном культурного слоя во-вторых, стабильно высокий показатель доли ржи на протяжении столетий (ок. 70 ) и, в-третьих, остающийся непонятным факт сокращения на 10 доли овса в поздней выборке. Последнее, по мнению авторов, противоречит логике развития города, требующей увеличения фуражных запасов для лошадей - основного транспортного средства средневековья. Авторы приходят к выводу, что при отсутствии или скудости находок экзотических растений, выступающих маркерами элитного питания в европейских городах, в средневековой Руси в этом качестве могут интерпретироваться обычные зерновые культуры, в частности - мягкая пшеница. The paper presents the results of archaeobotanical studies in the Moscow Kremlin and discusses the use of plants by the city residents with a focus on consumption of crops. The analysis is based on two chronological selections (the 12th - first half of the 13th centuries and the first half of the 13th - 15th centuries) it gives an insight into the changes over time of archaeobotanical spectra. Three specific features characterizing the crop grains in Moscow are singled out. Firstly, abundance of crop plants in the occupation layers secondly, consistently high values of the rye share in total crops throughout centuries (around 70 ) and, thirdly, the reduction in the share of oats by 10 in the later sample for some inexplicable reasons. In the view of the authors, the latter fact contradicts the logical development of the city that required increase in forage reserves for horses which was the main animal for transportation in the medieval times. The authors come to the conclusion that in the absence or scarcity of exotic plant finds used as markers of luxury food in European cities, common grain crops such as bread wheat can be used as elite food indicator in Medieval Russia.

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Municipal solid waste management in Kitwe City

Management of Environmental Quality An International Journal ◽

10.1108/meq-10-2017-0120 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 1075-1092

Author(s):

Bupe Getrude Mwanza ◽

Charles Mbohwa ◽

Arnesh Telukdarie

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Research Work ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Municipal Solid Wastes ◽

Content Type ◽

The City

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the present municipal solid wastes (MSWs) management system, from an engineering management (EM) perspective, for the City of Kitwe while proposing a levers-driven sustainable municipal solid waste management (MSWM) model focussing on improving waste management (WM). Design/methodology/approach The research work involves four stages. First, a comprehensive review of literature is conducted on MSWM. Second, structured interviews are conducted with key experts in solid waste management in the City of Kitwe in order to enhance the knowledge inputs. Third, direct observations and an interview with a WM driver are conducted in order to understand; the collection, disposal and treatment options for MSWs. Lastly, a sustainable model for managing MSWs is proposed Findings The research findings indicate that the existing MSW system for the city is highly unsustainable and lacks EM methodologies. There are still a number of challenges in the management of MSWs which include: lack of proper collection and storage of MSWs; lack of an engineered landfill; lack of waste recovery and treatment systems; and lack of public education aimed at reducing and separating MSWs. Practical implications A correct and detailed database for waste generation, collection, treatment and disposal is needed for the City of Kitwe. The system is necessary for WM resources allocation as well as for planning sustainable WM projects. The proposed model has been developed based on the actual observations, data collection and analysis. Originality/value The research identifies a gap in the management of MSWs for the City of Kitwe. This work is original as no similar MSW model has been proposed globally and specific for a developing economy such as Africa.

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Predicting the Effect of Seasonal Variation on the Physical Composition of Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study of the City of Johannesburg

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering - Advances in Manufacturing Engineering ◽

10.1007/978-981-15-5753-8_18 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 187-198

Author(s):

Oluwatobi Adeleke ◽

Stephen A. Akinlabi ◽

S. Hassan ◽

Tien-Chien Jen

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variation ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Physical Composition ◽

The City

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Municipal Solid Waste Management

Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies - Handbook of Research on Waste Management Techniques for Sustainability ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-9723-2.ch002 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 19-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jaison Chatsiwa ◽

Never Mujere ◽

Avhatendi Bethania Maiyana

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Management Practices ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Urban Settlements ◽

Waste Management Practices ◽

The City

The rapid increase in urban population has resulted in poor environmental conditions in urban and peri-urban settlements. In most developing countries, the problem of inefficient municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is endemic. The problem manifests in heaps of uncollected solid waste or ubiquitous illegal dumps on open areas and by the street sides. This paper examines issues of solid waste management practices in the City of Kwekwe in Zimbabwe. It highlights types of waste, its generation, transfer and disposal. A mixed methodological approach including field observations, structured questionnaire survey and face-to-face interviews were employed in the gathering of data for the study. The key findings established to be the factors affecting effective solid waste management in the City are irregular solid waste collection, inadequate operational funding, inappropriate technologies, inadequate staffing, lack of knowledge cooperation and knowledge on the part of the residents. Based on the research findings, principles of environmental stewardship need to be promoted in the City.

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Stakeholder views of source separation collection programme in East São Paulo, Brazil

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x20972774 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 0734242X2097277

Author(s):

João Alexandre Paschoalin Filho ◽

Andrea Ghermandi ◽

António José Guerner Dias ◽

Eliana Gonçalves da Luz ◽

Tatiana Tucunduva Phillipi Cortese

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Participatory Approach ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Collection System ◽

Public Power ◽

The Public ◽

Worker Cooperatives ◽

The City

The investigation of the views of the stakeholders involved in the municipal solid waste separate collection programme (CP) performed in the East Zone of the city of São Paulo is presented in this paper. Aiming to obtain the necessary information to be analysed, interviews with the manager of the Municipal Urban Cleaning Authority (MUCA) of the city, with leaders of recycling worker cooperatives (WCs), and citizens were performed using semi-structured questionnaires. The analysis was performed using the software “IRAMUTEQ”. The results show that, in the view of the manager of the MUCA of the city and the WCs’ leaders, the low adhesion of the population to the separate CP is the greatest obstacle to a further expansion of the existing programme. At the same time, the citizens have blamed the low diffusion made by the municipality about the separate CP in the East Zone of São Paulo. Thus, it can be concluded that the separate CP available in the East Zone of São Paulo is still flawed; since neither the public power, the WCs, nor the population are satisfied and point out several flaws. This situation highlights the need to establish better venues for discussion between the population, WCs, and the municipality to jointly design a separate collection system with a more participatory approach.

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