INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE MANAGEMENT IN WINTER WHEAT AND MAIZE IN THE NORTH-WEST AREA OF THE BANAT REGION, ROMANIA

В статье представлены данные о влиянии новых комплексных удобрений на урожай зерна и биометрические показатели структуры озимой пшеницы, возделываемой на дерново-подзолистой почве. В исследованиях были изучены способы внесения комплексных удобрений: предпосевная обработка семян комплексным удобрением «Микромак» и двукратное внекорневое внесение препаратов «Кодима Р», «Кодафол», «Микроэл», «Страда N». Исследования проводились на двух минеральных фонах: фон 1 — N40P50K70, фон 2 — N40P50K70 + N20. Внесение N40P50K70 в качестве основного удобрения способствовало повышению зерновой продуктивности на 0,53–0,59 т/га, или на 27,7–32,8% к контролю. Все изучаемые препараты оказывали положительное влияние на урожайность зерна озимой пшеницы. Существенные различия в сторону увеличения зерновой продуктивности получены при совместном применении предпосевной обработки семян препаратом «Микромак» с последующей двойной обработкой вегетирующих растений препаратом «Страда N» на фоне N40P50K70, где прибавка к контролю составила 0,82 т/га, или 42,9%. В данном варианте от применения препарата «Страда N» дополнительно к минеральному фону было получено зерна 0,29 т/га; от препарата «Микромак» — 0,27 т/га. Достоверное увеличение зерновой продуктивности получено и от обработок вегетирующих растений препаратом «Микроэл», где дополнительно к фону 1 получено 0,22 т/га зерна. Под влиянием обработки семян препаратом «Микромак» увеличилась энергия прорастания семян озимой пшеницы с 56 до 69% и всхожесть — с 89 до 94%. Отмечено положительное действие данного препарата на элементы структуры урожая: увеличилось количество продуктивных стеблей с 2,5 до 3,8 шт., масса 1000 зёрен выросла с 42,8 до 43,6 г. This article reports on the effect of new complex fertilizers on grain yield and biometrics of winter wheat grown on sod-podzolic soil. The investigation tested fertilization techniques: seed treatment with “Mikromak” fertilizer and topdressing by “Kodima R”, “Kodafol”, “Mikroel” and “Strada N” preparations repeated twice. Two mineral backgrounds were used: variant 1 — N40P50K70, and variant 2 — N40P50K70 + N20. Application of N40P50K70 increased grain productivity by 0.53–0.59 t ha-1, or 27.7–32.8%. All the preparations positively affected wheat performance. Seed treatment with “Mikromak” followed by “Strada N” application significantly improved grain productivity on the background of N40P50K70, exceeding the control by 0.82 t ha-1, or 42.9%. “Strada N” provided the increase of 0.29 t ha-1, “Mikromak” — 0.27 t ha-1. “Mikroel” significantly increased grain yield by 0.22 t ha-1. “Mikromak” improved germination rate from 56 to 69% and germination capacity — from 89 to 94%. Treatment with “Mikromak” resulted in increase of number of productive stems from 2.5 to 3.8 pcs and thousand grain weight — from 42.8 to 43.6 g.

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Peculiarities of studying adaptive properties of soft winter wheat of foreign breeding in the natural climatic conditions of the South foothill zone of the North-West Caucasus

New Technologies ◽

10.47370/2072-0920-2020-16-6-70-78 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 70-78

Author(s):

M. V. Kuzenko

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Research Work ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Gansu Province ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Winter Period ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Soft Winter Wheat

A phased research work was carried out in the natural and climatic conditions of the southern foothill zone of the North-West Caucasus to study and identify adaptive properties and economically significant traits in various wheat lines bred by the Research Institute of Field Crops in the city of Dingxi, Gansu province (the PRC). The research was carried out to study and isolate grain productivity, resistance to the conditions of the autumn-winter period, lodging and diseases, as well as searching for a new source material for breeding work with a winter wheat crop. The studies included phenological observations, assessment of resistance to abiotic and biotic factors, analysis of sheaf material. In the course of the study, it was revealed that the tested wheat samples had differences in resistance to unfavorable conditions of the autumn-winter period. In the first year of the research, samples No. 1, No. 2 died, so did No. 6 in the second year. The stability of overwintered samples was marked at the level of 7 points. Samples No. 10, No. 11 were characterized by low resistance to lodging. The main part of the studied material of winter wheat had a growing season with sprouts and heading 6-8 days shorter than the standard Grom variety. Sample No. 2 was distinguished by the maximum distribution and development of brown rust, No. 7 – by Septoria disease. The grain yield varied at the level of 90–310 g/m2. Sample No. 4 (310 g/m2) and No. 7 (270 g/m2) showed a significantly higher grain yield than the standard of Grom variety (220 g/m2). The mass of 1 000 grains ranged from 30,0 g to 46,1 g. The height of the plants varied in the range of 55,2–111,9 cm. Sample No. 16 had the longest spike (9,8 cm). According to the number of grains of the main spike and the weight of grain, No. 16 stood out from the main spike. The maximum grain weight per plant was shown by No. 15 (5,6 g), No. 16 (4,8 g), No. 12 (5,1 g). The results of the initial comprehensive assessment indicate the possible use of these lines in agricultural production, as well as a starting material. Prospects for further study have been considered.

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Features of the formation of winter wheat yield depending on the methods of basic tillage and the level of fertilization in the conditions of the southern foothill zone of the North-West Caucasus

New Technologies ◽

10.47370/2072-0920-2021-17-5-114-122 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 114-122

Author(s):

N. I. Devterova

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Mutual Influence ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

The Republic ◽

Aggregate Composition

The research was out on low-humus heavy-duty heavy-clay merged leached chernozems in 2017–2020 in the Republic of Adygea, in the soybeans – winter wheat link of crop rotation. We studied the effect of soil cultivation techniques of varying intensity and fertilization level on the productivity of winter wheat and the agrophysical properties of the soil in its crops. The studies were carried out according to the method of the field experiment by B.A. Dospekhov. It was found that moldboard plowing was a more effective method for cultivating winter wheat, which provided additional formation of +1,18 t/ha (25,7%) of grain in comparison with double disking; sowing of winter wheat provided the maximum yield on the variants with the application of doses of Fon mineral fertilizers (N24 P104 + N5 P20) + N30 + N30, which contributed to the receipt of an additional +0,9 t/ha (18.8%) of grain. The effectiveness of the use of fertilizers for all varieties and doses of fertilizers according to the variants of the experiment was noted. Close correlations between productivity and a set of characteristics: the mass of grain from one spike; the number of grains in an ear; weight of 1000 grains; the total number of plants and productive stems were revealed. The positive effect of plowing on the structural and aggregate composition of the soil was noted. The average indices of the volumetric mass of the cultivated layer by both methods of cultivation did not exceed the optimal values of soil density for the cultivation of winter wheat (1,24–1,27 g/cm3). Productive moisture reserves were assessed as good and satisfactory. It was found that from 51,0 to 88,0% of the yield variability depended on the influence and mutual influence of the most significant elements of the yield structure (R2 is the coefficient of determination 0,88; 0,77; 0,51).

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Some aspects of winter wheat productivity

New Technologies ◽

10.47370/2072-0920-2021-17-2-71-76 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 71-76

Author(s):

M. V. Kuzenko

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Maximum Value ◽

Biological Yield ◽

The Difference ◽

Winter Wheat Varieties

The article presents studies carried out in 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 in the southern foothill zone of the North-West Caucasus in the fields of the selection and primary seed produc- tion department of the Adygh Research Institute of Agriculture. The aim was to study the actual, biological or potential yield of winter soft wheat varieties cultivated in the region, as well as the ratio of the mass of the grain part and the harvested straw - the yield index. The studied varieties were divided into groups according to plant height: semi-dwarfs (up to 90 cm), short-stemmed (up to 105 cm), medium-sized (up to 120 cm). According to the results of the studies carried out, differences in the studied characteristics were revealed. In the group of semi-dwarf varieties, the grain yield varied from 7,25 to 8,05 t/ha, short-stemmed 7,78–8,91 t/ha, medium-sized 7,34–9,60 t/ha. The highest grain yield was shown by the Vekha variety (9,60 t/ha) belonging to the group of medium-sized varieties, from the short-stemmed Maikopchanka varieties (8,91 t/ha) stood out, Kalym semi-dwarf varieties (8,05 t/ha). The biological yield in the experiment varied from 9,37 to 15,29 t/ha. From semi-dwarf varieties, Grom stood out (14,06 t/ha), short-stemmed varieties – Mafe (10,8 t/ha), medium-sized varieties – Vekha (15,29 t/ha). The difference between the actual and biological grain yield of varieties belonging to the short-stem group was the smallest in comparison with the varieties of the semi-dwarf and medium-grown group. On average, over two years of research, the harvesting index was 46,9–53,2%. Semi-dwarf winter wheat varieties had the maximum value of this indicator. In the group of short-stemmed Grom and Graf varieties, the ratio of the mass of the grain part to the harvested straw varied from 46,8% (Velena) to 50,5% (Alekseich). The harvesting index for medium-sized varieties was at the level of 46,9–51,8%. The Vekha variety, which showed the maximum value, stood out from this group.

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SEM and TEM observations of sperm development in the testis of the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100157838 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 58-59

Author(s):

Daryl A. Cornish ◽

George L. Smit

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽

Breeding Cycle ◽

Limited Information ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Sem And Tem ◽

Sperm Development ◽

Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽

The University

Oreochromis mossambicus is currently receiving much attention as a candidater species for aquaculture programs within Southern Africa. This has stimulated interest in its breeding cycle as well as the morphological characteristics of the gonads. Limited information is available on SEM and TEM observations of the male gonads. It is known that the testis of O. mossambicus is a paired, intra-abdominal structure of the lobular type, although further details of its characteristics are not known. Current investigations have shown that spermatids reach full maturity some two months after the female becomes gravid. Throughout the year, the testes contain spermatids at various stages of development although spermiogenesis appears to be maximal during November when spawning occurs. This paper describes the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the testes and spermatids.Specimens of this fish were collected at Syferkuil Dam, 8 km north- west of the University of the North over a twelve month period, sacrificed and the testes excised.

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