VOCATIONAL SCHOOLING OF PROFESSIONALLY-ACTIVE YOUNG PEOPLE IN CZESTOCHOWA IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD

Author(s):  
Izabela Wrona-Meryk
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Landau-Czajka

In Between. Two Home Countries in the Polish Language Press for Jewish Children in the Second Polish RepublicIn the interwar period in Poland the big Polish-language Jewish journals (Chwila, Nowy Dziennik and Nasz Przegląd) published supplements for children. Two of them (Chwilka and Dzienniczek dla Dzieci i Młodzieży [Diary for children and young people]) were typical magazines for children. The third, the Mały Przegląd [Little review], led initially by Janusz Korczak, became the tribune of its youngest readers. Its content was composed of letters, reports and interviews by young correspondents. All these magazines were directed to children of the accultured Jews, readers of Polish-language Zionist press. It would seem, therefore, that their educational ideals should be similar.How were the patriotic values shown to the Jewish children from the acculturated Zionist families, familiar with Polish culture better than average Jewish children, but raised in cult of Palestine and the return to Eretz? What should be told to the children, if they were to be educated as good patriots? And patriots of what country? How to explain Palestinian patriotism to children who have never seen their country, lived in Poland and spoke Polish? And at the same time – how to explain the Polish patriotism to children who live in a country with a constantly growing anti-Semitism, of which they are only the marginalized, second-class citizens. As a result, the two dailies, almost identical in their views, have supplements presenting a surprisingly different approach to patriotism. The article was based on an analysis of all vintages of Dzienniczek and Mały Przegląd. Pomiędzy. Dwie ojczyzny w pismach dla polskojęzycznych dzieci żydowskich w II RzeczypospolitejW okresie międzywojennym wielkie polskojęzyczne dzienniki żydowskie – „Chwila”, „Nowy Dziennik” i „Nasz Przegląd” wydawały dodatki dla dzieci. Dwa pierwsze, „Chwilka” i „Dzienniczek dla Dzieci i Młodzieży”, były to zwykłe, konwencjonalne pisemka dla dzieci, „Mały Przegląd” kierowany początkowo przez Janusza Korczaka, stał się trybuną swoich najmłodszych czytelników, a jego treść złożona była z listów, reportaży i wywiadów młodych korespondentów. Wszystkie pisemka kierowane były do dzieci akulturowanych Żydów, czytelników polskojęzycznej syjonistycznej prasy. Wydawało by się zatem, że ideały wychowawcze powinny być zbliżone.Jak dzieciom żydowskich z rodzin akulturowanych i syjonistycznych – a więc zarazem znających polską kulturę lepiej niż przeciętne żydowskie dzieci, ale wychowywanych w kulcie Palestyny i powrotu do Erec, ukazywano wartości patriotyczne? Cóż zatem należało mówić dzieciom, jeśli chciało się je wychować na dobrych patriotów? I jakiego kraju patriotów? Jak wytłumaczyć palestyński patriotyzm dzieciom, które nigdy swojego kraju nie widziały, żyły w Polsce, mówiły po polsku? I jednocześnie – jak wytłumaczyć polski patriotyzm dzieciom, które mieszkają w kraju o stale rosnącym antysemityzmie, którego są obywatelami, ale obywatelami drugiej kategorii, spychanymi na margines? W rezultacie dwa pisma wyrastające z dwóch niemal identycznych w poglądach dzienników prezentowały zaskakująco różne podejście do patriotyzmu. Artykuł oparty został na analizie wszystkich roczników „Dzienniczka” i „Małego Przeglądu”.


Author(s):  
Seth Bernstein

World War II was the ultimate test of Soviet youth culture. The USSR’s heavy reliance on youth in the pre-war period increased as Stalin’s regime drafted youth into the army, in factories and as keepers of order on the home front. Soviet practices of mobilization and coercion developed during the interwar period continued and intensified during the war. As victory appeared imminent, youth leaders pondered how wartime brutalization and the compromises young people had made under occupation had changed the requirements of official youth culture. The victory reinforced the righteousness of pre-war practices as the correct way to raise youth under socialism.


1970 ◽  
pp. 97-112
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Magiera

Touring and regional trips were among important educational issues in the Second Republic of Poland, conducive to getting to know the immediate environment, regions and the country in general, underpinned by national, patriotic and civic upbringing. In the first decade of the Interwar Period, Poland had three models of school sightseeing clubs developed in Krakow in 1927, in Vilnius in 1928 and in Poznań in 1929. These events provided an opportunity to meet young people from various regions in Poland. Tutors of sightseeing circles; regional, school and church authorities; authorities of sightseeing initiatives launched by adults and the youth, university professors and representatives of urban elites were all participants of the movement. In addition to lectures and speeches, latest issues of the school sightseeing movement were discussed and experiences were shared. As a result, the students and the tutors got to know each other, established contacts and discussed the directions to be followed by school sightseeing clubs. The conventions were accompanied by trips and various forms of presenting the clubs’ achievements including exhibitions, school theatres, singing, dancing, evening performances and others.


Author(s):  
Bogdan Bucur

This study aims to analyze the ideological orientation of two of the most important interwar Romanian publications endorsed by Academician Dimitrie Gusti and scientifically sanctioned by the Sociological School of Bucharest: Curierul Echipelor Studentesti [Student Teams Courier, issued between 1935 and 1938] and Curierul Serviciului Social [Social Service Courier, issued in 1939]. The two magazines played an important part in strengthening the personality cult of King Carol II (who ruled in Romania between 1930 and 1940) and in legitimizing his regime of monarchical authority, established in February 1938. Moreover, the abovementioned publications were used by the monarchy to support the politico-ideological actions of the Romanian youth enlisted in the mass paramilitary organizations of the time, intended as an alternative to the similar structures of the Legionary Movement (which was experiencing a significant boom in the interwar period). The paramilitary youth organizations of the 1930`s, established under Carol II's regime – mobilizing en masse young people of all ages and levels of education, at first voluntarily and later compulsorily – served as models or precursors for similar structures that would later be set up by the Communist Party, after its accession to power (March 6, 1945 – December 22, 1989) as a result of the Soviet military occupation.


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Ivan ZULIAK ◽  
Andriy KLISH

The article deals with problems between Polish authority and «Prosvita», difficult unfavorable conditions which the company has got in eastern Galicia in the interwar period. The Polish authority directed their efforts to destroy Ukraine's national as well as cultural life, turned the enthusiastic lands into an integral part of the Polish state. «Prosvita» managed not only to resume its work, but also to establish educational work in the region. «Procvita» has got a prominent place and a leading role in the cultural and educational life of Eastern Galicia, was an influential force that spanned virtually all counties. In the interwar period «Prosvita» was in opposition to government. Inside the organization there were representatives of different parties. «Prosvita» adhered to the position that it is necessary to preserve and multiply the achievements achieved by Ukrainians during the Austro-Hungarian period, avoiding any political influences. To some extent, the focus on the achievements of the past has not contributed to the advancement of the dissemination of cultural and educational knowledge promoted by «Prosvita». There were no necessary conditions for the restoration of the functioning of the society, especially since the Polish authorities did not consider it necessary to promote the activities of the «Prosvita». It was important to resume the activities of affiliates and readers at least at prewar period, to organize self-education circles for the purpose of eliminating illiteracy, especially among young people, create libraries based on local readers, attract new members to the institutions. Keywords «Prosvita», Eastern Galicina, relationship, Polish authority, interwar period.


Haemophilia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Schultz ◽  
R. B. Butler ◽  
L. Mckernan ◽  
R. Boelsen ◽  

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Cedeira Serantes
Keyword(s):  

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