Root morphology of mandibular molars: a cone-beam computed tomography study

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the root and canal morphology of the mandibular first and second permanent molars in a Turkish population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: CBCT images of mandibular first (n = 966) and second molar (n = 1165) teeth from 850 Turkish patients were evaluated. The root canal configurations were classified according to the method of Vertucci. The data were analyzed by Pearson's Chi-square test. Results: The majority of mandibular molars were two rooted with three canals; however, three roots were identified in 0.05% of the first molars and 0.01% of the second molars, and 100% of the additional root canals were of type I configuration. Mesial roots had more complex canal systems with more than one canal, whereas most distal roots had a type I configuration. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that CBCT scanning provides supplemental information about the root canal configurations of mandibular molars in a Turkish population. This study may help clinicians in the root canal treatment of mandibular molars.

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Accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography in defining spatial relationships between third molar roots and inferior alveolar nerve

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.195168 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (04) ◽

pp. 454-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Roberto Pippi ◽

Marcello Santoro ◽

Ferdinando D'Ambrosio

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Morphology ◽

Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽

Third Molar ◽

Root Surface ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Spatial Relationships ◽

Third Molars ◽

The Third

ABSTRACT Objective: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been proposed in surgical planning of lower third molar extraction. The aim of the present study was to assess the reliability of CBCT in defining third molar root morphology and its spatial relationships with the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). Materials and Methods: Intraoperative and radiographic variables of 74 lower third molars were retrospectively analyzed. Intraoperative variables included IAN exposure, number of roots, root morphology of extracted third molars, and presence/absence of IAN impression on the root surface. Radiographic variables included presence/absence of the cortex separating IAN from the third molar roots on CBCT examination, number of roots and root morphology on both orthopantomography (OPG) and CBCT. The statistical association between variables was evaluated using the Fisher's exact test. Results: In all cases of intraoperative IAN exposure, the cortex appeared discontinuous on CBCT images. All cases, in which the cortical bone was continuous on CBCT images, showed no association with nerve exposure. In all cases in which nerve impression was identified on the root surface, the IAN cortex showed interruptions on CBCT images. No nerve impression was identified in any of the cases, in which the cortex appeared continuous on CBCT images. CBCT also highlighted accessory roots and apical anomalies/curvatures, not visible on the OPG. Conclusions: CBCT seems to provide reliable and accurate information about the third molar root morphology and its relationship with the IAN.

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A comparative study of cone-beam computed tomography and digital periapical radiography in detecting mandibular molars root perforations

Imaging Science in Dentistry ◽

10.5624/isd.2014.44.2.115 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 115 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sina Haghanifar ◽

Ehsan Moudi ◽

Abbas Mesgarani ◽

Ali Bijani ◽

Naghi Abbaszadeh

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Mandibular Molars ◽

Periapical Radiography

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Validation of cone beam computed tomography as a clinical imaging method for dentin thickness measurement in the danger zone of mandibular molars

Revista da Faculdade de Odontologia - UPF ◽

10.5335/rfo.v23i1.8497 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fernanda Gomez Corrêa ◽

Claudia Bohrer Flores ◽

Flávia Kolling Marquezan ◽

Gabriela Salatino Liedke ◽

Gustavo Nogara Dotto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Thickness Measurement ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Imaging Method ◽

Danger Zone ◽

Mean Values ◽

Mandibular Molars ◽

Before And After ◽

Dentin Thickness

Objective: to verify the accuracy of cone beam computedtomography (CBCT) for measuring dentin thicknessin the danger zone of mandibular molars in order to validatethis method to be used as a clinical auxiliary. Materialsand method: dentin thickness of the distal wall ofmesial canals was measured at 2 mm of furcation areain ten mandibular molars before and after preparation ofcervical and middle thirds. CBCT (0.25 mm voxel size)and stereomicroscopy images were acquired twice foreach sample. CBCT axial images and stereomicroscopeimages were evaluated by a calibrated examiner. Statisticalanalysis was performed using Mann-Whitney testin order to investigate whether CBCT images providedtrusted values. Results: mean values of initial (1.23 versus1.24 mm) and final measurements (0.88 versus 0.87mm) obtained with, respectively, CBCT and stereomicroscopemethods did not show statistical differences(P > 0.5). Conclusion: CBCT images provide high accuracyfor measuring dentin thickness in the danger zoneof mandibular molars.Keywords: Cone beam computed tomography. Endodontics.Root canal preparation.

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Assessment of shaping ability of rotary and reciprocating file systems using cone-beam computed tomography in mandibular molars: An in vitro study

Endodontology ◽

10.4103/endo.endo_74_18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 89

Author(s):

Anju Abraham ◽

Anika Mittal ◽

Sarita Singh ◽

Aditi Dhaundiyal ◽

Bidya Yendrembam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

File Systems ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Mandibular Molars ◽

Shaping Ability

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Analysis of the internal anatomy of mandibular molars using different cone-beam computed tomography protocols

RSBO ◽

10.21726/rsbo.v17i1.275 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 12-20

Author(s):

Flares Baratto-Filho ◽

Nathaly Dias Morais ◽

Kauhanna Vianna de Oliveira ◽

Flávia Sens Fagundes Tomazinho ◽

Carla Castiglia Gonzaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Type I ◽

Root Canals ◽

Mandibular Molars ◽

Type V ◽

Level Of Agreement

The aim of this study was to analyze the root canal anatomy variations of permanent mandibular molars using three different cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) protocols. Material and methods: Thirty-five freshly extracted first and second mandibular molars were collected and subjected to three CBCT protocols: i-CAT Classic (ICC); i-CAT Next Generation (ICN), and PreXion 3D (PXD). Images were evaluated by two previously calibrated and experienced endodontists. The morphological root canal configurations were classified according to Vertucci. Data were analyzed for frequency, and the binomial and Kappa tests were then performed (α = 0.05). Results: ICC and ICN were able to diagnose a higher percentage of anatomical variations in the mesial roots. In this same root, Vertucci’s type V was the most prevalent, and in distal was the type I. In comparisons of CBCT techniques for agreement, significant differences in the mesial root canals were found in the following: ICC versus (vs) ICN; ICC vs PXD; and ICN vs PXD (p <0.001). However, there were no statistical differences in the distal root canals (p >0.05). The level of agreement in mesial roots was poor or absent, while in distal was moderate.

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Evaluation of Apical Root Morphology of Maxillary Incisors using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Brazilian Subpopulation: A Cross-sectional Study

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/49776.15410 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cristiane Martins Rodrigues Bernardes ◽

Luiz Eduardo Gregoris Rabelo ◽

Cyntia Rodrigues DE Araújo Estrela ◽

Orlando Aguirre Guedes ◽

Brunno Santos DE Freitas Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Morphology ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cone Beam ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Maxillary Incisors

Introduction: The prevalence of Apical Root Resorption (ARR) after orthodontic treatment is high. It is associated with several factors, such as tooth group, type and duration of treatment, applied force and root morphology. Aim: To evaluate the apical root morphology of maxillary incisors in a Brazilian subpopulation using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective and cross-sectional study, 400 maxillary incisors from 167 patients registered in the data base of Dental Radiology Clinics between January 2012 and April 2017 were analysed. The apical root configuration was verified by navigating 0.1 mm/0.1 mm, in the three planes, axial, coronal, and sagittal sections on CBCT images, from the root canal entrance to the apical foramen, as well as from the apical direction to the crown. The standard reference for apical root form corresponded to the long axis of the tooth. The root forms and their frequency were characterised according to the classification proposed by Levander and Malmgren (1988). The qualitative variables were analysed by the Chi-square test. The level of significance was p-value <0.05. Results: A total of 400 maxillary anterior teeth (central and lateral incisors; n=200 each) from 167 patients (101 women; mean age was 41.8±16.20 years) were analysed. The most common apical root form presented in the central incisors was the blunt root {99 (49.5%)}, followed by pipette-shaped root {69 (34.5%)}. The less frequent was the short root {13 (6.5%)} (p-value <0.001). In the lateral incisors, the highest frequency presented was lacerated root {111 (55.5%)}, followed by blunt root {47 (23.5%)}, and pipette- shaped root {37 (18.5%)} (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Maxillary central incisors had a higher frequency of rhomboid (blunt) root morphology, while lateral incisors had a higher frequency of curved (lacerated) root form.

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