THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF EQUALITY AND THE PROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATION IN THE ACTIVITIES
OF THE OMBUDSMAN AS AN INDEPENDENT AUTHORITY FOR EQUAL TREATMENT

The article is aimed at explaining and defining the activities of the Ombudsman (the Commissioner for Human Rights) as an independent authority for equal treatment. In Poland, as well as in European countries, the issue of equal treatment and preventing discrimination is becoming more and more of a social, legislative and also political challenge. On account of the growing tendency to intensify behavior such as hate speech, xenophobia, racism, chauvinism and discrimination, it is necessary to take more effective steps at various levels in order to limit this phenomenon. It is vital to initiate and support information policy on legal effects, consequences and the impact of this type of behavior on the society to an even greater extent. The Ombudsman plays the fundamental and leading role among a number of institutions and organizations that actively support the policy of preventing such phenomena.

Download Full-text

L'azione dell'Unione europea contro le discriminazioni basate sulla religione: l'impatto della giurisprudenza della Corte europea dei diritti umani

DIRITTI UMANI E DIRITTO INTERNAZIONALE ◽

10.3280/dudi2012-003002 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 475-511

Author(s):

Federico Casolari

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

General Framework ◽

Case Law ◽

Legal Order ◽

Equal Treatment ◽

Freedom Of Religion ◽

Eu Law ◽

The Right ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu

Law Although EU law has established a general framework concerning the fight against discriminations on the grounds of religion (namely as far as equal treatment in employment and occupation is concerned), the related ECJ case law is not very rich. This article tracks and evaluates the impact of the ECHR case law devoted to the freedom of religion on the interpretation and application of EU law concerning religion discriminations. It argues that the ECHR case law may contribute to identify the notion of ‘religion' which is relevant for EU law, while several arguments may be put forward against the application of the Strasbourg approach to the balancing between the right to quality based on religion and others human rights into the EU legal order.

Download Full-text

The Impact of Anti-Discrimination Law in the Netherlands

Anti-Discrimination Law in Civil Law Jurisdictions ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198853138.003.0012 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 233-243

Author(s):

Titia Loenen

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Muslim Women ◽

Equal Treatment ◽

Equal Access ◽

Religious Minorities ◽

Starting Point ◽

The Impact ◽

Positive Force

Dutch anti-discrimination law has been quite a positive force in combating discrimination on grounds of religion in employment by contributing to an approach to manifestations of religion in the workplace that takes accommodation of religious expressions rather than prohibition as its starting point. In this way, anti-discrimination law has promoted equal access to employment for religious minorities, in particular for Muslim women. A major role in this development has been played by the primary supervisory body of anti-discrimination law, the former Equal Treatment Commission and its successor, the National Institute of Human Rights, whose decisions are analysed in the chapter.

Download Full-text

Combating Online Hate Speech through Critical Digital Literacy: Reflections from an Emancipatory Action Research with Roma Youths

International Journal of Learning and Development ◽

10.5296/ijld.v11i2.18524 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Theodora Agapoglou ◽

Nikolaos Mouratoglou ◽

Konstantinos Tsioumis ◽

Konstantinos Bikos

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Human Rights ◽

Action Research ◽

Empirical Research ◽

Digital Literacy ◽

Research Evidence ◽

Hate Speech ◽

Knowledge And Skills ◽

Counter Narratives ◽

The Impact

Despite the new and unprecedented opportunities for communication and networking in online settings, several challenges have arisen. One such challenge is the deviating behavior of social media users which is usually manifested through hate speech comments, often targeting minorities. For instance, the Roma minority constitutes one of the most discriminated groups, both online and offline. In this context, a significant lack of empirical research evidence can be observed regarding the exposure of minorities to online hate speech and the violation of their human rights. In this regard, the present paper illustrates the reflections of an emancipatory action research implemented with a group of Roma youths in Greece and discusses the impact of critical digital literacy activities on participants’ awareness regarding online hate speech. Based on participants’ views, the most empowering experience from this action research refers to the acquaintance of deliberating knowledge and skills in terms of producing non-violent counter-narratives.

Download Full-text