Compliance with the Time Limit of Article 129 (4) of the Act of 27 April 2017 the Environmental Law in the Case-Law of the Supreme Court

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-305
Author(s):  
Jarosław Szczechowicz
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Legal Issue ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Supreme Court

The study discusses issues related to maintaining the deadline for suing claims due to restrictions on the use of real estate provided for in Article 129 (1–3) of the Environmental Protection Law. Provided for in the provisions of Articles 129–136 of the Environmental Protection Law liability for damages was formed as a statutory obligation to compensate for damages resulting to property owners (holders of perpetual usufruct) from the introduction of legal regulations that narrow down the possibilities of using these properties. The conditions for liability are: entry into force of a regulation or act of local law resulting in a limitation on the way the property is used, damage suffered by the owner of the property, the holder of perpetual usufruct or the person holding property law, and a causal link between the restriction on the use of the property and the damage. Claims for damages derived from these sources meet the requirements of Articles 361–363 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Poland. They are property claims, subject to limitation (art. 117 § 1 of the Civil Code), however — without being tort claims — they are subject to limitation on general principles arising from Article 118 of the Civil Code. An important legal issue is whether, and if so, to what extent, it is possible to apply by analogy provisions on suspension or interruption of the limitation period to the preclusion period contained in Article 129 (4) of the Environmental Protection Law. The starting point for reflection on this issue are the arguments originating from the current case law of the Supreme Court. Based on the views and arguments of the Supreme Court, the author tries to answer the question on the conditions that meet the three-year period provided for in Article 129 (4) of the Environmental Protection Law asserting claims for restrictions on the use of real estate

scholarly journals SENTENCING FOR THE OFFENSE OF FALSE TESTIMONY IN THE LIGHT OF JUDICIAL DECISIONS

Probacja ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 31-63
Author(s):  
Izabela Urbaniak-Mastalerz
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Law

The study presents the problems of courts, in the case of sentencing for crimes of false testimony in the light of judicial decisions. The article is, therefore, a presentation of issued decisions of common courts and the Supreme Court in the scope of this off ense, indicating the changes made to the law. The author will attempt to resolve the problem of the circumstances in which a false testimony is sentenced for as an off ence, given the current case-law of the Supreme Court and common courts. The conclusions of the discussed principles of sentencing for this crime (based on available statistics), will be the starting point for the assessment.

scholarly journals Instytucja kary umownej w latach 1965–1989 — wybrane zagadnienia

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Guzewicz
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Supreme Court

The basis of this article is the analysis of the functioning of a contractual penalty in the years 1965–1989, i.e. from the time the Civil Code entered into force until the end of the Polish People’s Republic period. The research was carried out by means of analysing the legal provisions, the caselaw of the Supreme Court and the views of the doctrine. Its purpose is to reflect and draw conclusions on the functioning of the civil law institution — a contractual penalty — under authoritarian governments. The considerations were focused on selected problems, first of all concentrating on the Supreme Court’s case-law. Legal relations with the participation of socialized economy units become an important element of these considerations. The provisions of the Civil Code constitute the starting point, but they cannot be interpreted in isolation from the provisions of other normative acts that introduced special legal solutions in contracts with the participation of units of the socialized economy. The confrontation of theory and practice shows how the obligations imposed on entities of civil law are enforced. Against this background, issues of key importance for civil law emerge. They relate to the principles of concluding contracts, the performance of obligations, and the consequences of a failure to perform the contract.

scholarly journals Possibility to terminate the contract of the rent-free use of arable land without the notice period due to failure to settle the tax obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Jarosław Adam Szczechowicz
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Lease Contract ◽  
The Supreme Court

The study discusses the issue of a contract of the rent-free use of agricultural land (Article 708 of the Civil Code 1964). Particular attention has been paid to the possibility of terminating the contract without notice period due to failure to settle the tax obligation. The admission of the provisions on the failure in paying rent to the contract for the rent-free use of arable land means that the lack of payment of taxes or other burdens related to the ownership of real estate, which is the equivalent of not paying the rent in the lease contract, authorizes the termination of this contract. The author shares the view formulated in the decisions of the Supreme Court that Article 703 of the Civil Code (1964) is a provision of a relatively binding nature. As a consequence, adopting the above position leads to the conclusion that the contract may be terminated even without the notice period if the parties to the contract have differently regulated the effects of delay in payment of these benefits than is stipulated in Article 703 (1964).

scholarly journals THE ELIMINATION FROM THE RIGHT TO INHERITANCE: THEORY AND PRACTICE

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
M. Bondareva ◽  
S. Rabovska
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
The Right

The article deals with the legal regulation for removal from the right to inheritance and law enforcement of the norm of Art. 1224 of the Civil Code of Ukraine. The study aims at developing the theoretical foundations of the application of this legal norm on the basis of analysis of legislation and case law. Such methods and approaches as systematic analysis and competent legal interpretation have been applied. The Civil Code of Ukraine regulates cases and removal of grounds for the right to inheritance. Article 1224 of the Civil Code of Ukraine is applied to heirs at law; it distinguishes cases and grounds for exclusion from the right to inheritance by various criteria. However, what is typical for the countries of the continental group, the law needs to be clarified, first of all at the level of law enforcement practice. The highest jurisdiction of Ukraine – the Supreme Court of Ukraine and the Supreme Court, made appropriate clarifications and interpretations of relevant legal norms at the general theoretical level (decision of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of Ukraine) and at the level of unification of general practice through expressing a legal position in specific cases. Such interpretation should be considered clearly and sufficiently for further processing. However, judicial interpretation is not competent to correct legislative inaccuracies. And the case law itself is characterized by a tautology and inconsistency, when the departure from the previously adopted legal position is disguised under the difference of legal and factual grounds of the claim. The results of such miscalculations include variability of methods of judicial protection for the heirs of the first turn (paragraph 2, part 3 of Article 1224 and part 5 of Article 1224 of the Civil Code of Ukraine) and procedural difficulties in proving claims – proving the testator's helplessness, address need assistance from the defendant, etc. In addition to legal uncertainty, which results in the poor functioning of institutions of exclusion from the right to inherit, this state of affairs creates grounds for abuse of rights. The authors propose measures to solve the problem, which can be divided into several groups. The first concerns amendments to Paragraph 2, Part 3 of Art. 1224 and Part 5 of Art. 1224 of the Civil Code of Ukraine: in terms of the subject composition, in particular, the permission of the heirs of other than the first turn, the order of inheritance, to sue on the basis of Paragraph 2 of part 3 of Article 1224 of the Civil Code of Ukraine. The second is aimed at intensifying the institution provided by Paragraph 2 of Part 3 of Article 1224 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, inter alia, due to the uniformity and consistency of judicial practice. The introduction of the principle of participation in inheritance by bona fide heirs as a reward for their care of the testator, and the relatively easy removal of the right to inherit those who did not show such care, will also contribute to the revival of law enforcement. Finally, the third group of measures is related to the promotion of inheritance through wills, which will limit the number of disputes in inheritance cases (mainly cases of invalidation of the will) and put an end to the issue of exclusion from the right to inherit.

scholarly journals Un aspect crucial mais délicat des libertés de conscience et de religion des articles 2 et 3 des Chartes canadienne et québécoise: l'objection de conscience

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-205
Author(s):  
Henri Brun
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Supreme Court Of Canada ◽  
Freedom Of Conscience ◽  
Current Case ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

The Supreme Court of Canada, obiter, in the Big M Drug Mart Case, has spoken of the "Constitutional Exemption". It is the possibility not to be bound to obey the neutral laws that conflict with one's conscience or religion. It is what we call in French l'objection de conscience. The institution exists in Canadian and Québec Law as a part of the right to freedom of conscience or religion expressed in 2a) and 3 of the Canadian and Québec Charters of Rights. And it goes well beyond the right not to fight within the armed forces. The Supreme Court of Canada has actually delivered six judgments touching on the subject in 1985 and 1986. The conditions under which l'objection de conscience come into play are not so well known however. Does it cover matters of worship or only rules of morals ? Secular or only religious principles ? Personal or only group beliefs ? Do the existence of the rule, the sincerity of the objector and the reasonableness of the exemption have to be proved? Above all, what is the difference between a creed and an opinion ? The following article tries to formulate answers to these questions, with the help of current case-law.

DISPUTE AS TO THE INTERPRETATION OF ARTICLE 540(3) OF THE CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE ALONG WITH AN APPROVING GLOSS TO THE RESOLUTION OF THE SUPREME COURT OF 26 JUNE 2014, CASE REF. NO. I KZP 14/14

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (XXI) ◽  
pp. 301-313
Author(s):  
Patrycja Trzeja
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Issue ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Fundamental Freedoms ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights

This gloss aims to assess the position presented by the Supreme Court in its resolution of 26 June 2014 as to whether the need to resume proceedings, as referred to in Article 540 § 3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, can only relate to proceedings in the case to which the decision of the European Court of Human Rights on the violation of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms relates, or also to other criminal proceedings in which there has been a violation of the provisions of the Convention similar to that found in the decision of this Court issued against Poland. The analysis includes the presentation of doctrinal and case law views, as well as the author’s own reflections. What is important, the considerations end with a polemic with the arguments appearing in the interpretation dispute, and an assessment of the very process of interpretation by the Supreme Court when considering the legal issue in question.

scholarly journals El convenio arbitral: statu quo = The arbitration agreement: statu quo

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Miguel Gómez Jene
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Supreme Court Case ◽  
International Comparative

Resumen: Este estudio analiza la jurisprudencia actual (internacional, comparada y española) en interpretación de las normas internacionales y de fuente interna que regulan la eficacia del convenio arbitral. La irrupción en el tráfico de nuevos tipos de convenios arbitrales (cláusulas híbridas y cláusulas escalación), así como la falta de una regulación ad hoc para determinados supuestos (extensión de los efectos del convenio a terceros no firmantes) exigen un estudio comparado de las soluciones dadas a estas cuestiones en las jurisdicciones con mayor tradición arbitral. Por último, se analizan las posibles consecuencias que la reciente jurisprudencia del TS sobre el principio Kompetenz-kompetenz (“tesis débil”) puede tener sobre el efecto positivo del convenio arbitral; así como la posible extensión al ámbito del convenio arbitral de la jurisprudencia del TS sobre responsabilidad por incumplimiento de una cláusula de sumisión a tribunales españoles.Palabras clave: Convenio arbitral. Voluntad inequívoca: Ley aplicable al convenio arbitral. Extensión de los efectos del convenio arbitral. Cláusulas híbridas. Cláusulas escalación. Efectos positivo y negativo del convenio arbitral. Tesis débil de la Kompetenz-kompetenz. Responsabilidad.Abstract: This paper analyzes the current case law (international, comparative and Spanish) in interpretation of international and internal norms that regulate the effectiveness of the arbitration agreement. The emergence of new types of arbitration agreements (hybrid clause and escalation clause), as well as the lack of an ad hoc regulation for certain assumptions (extension of the effects of the agreement to non-signatory third parties) require a comparative study of the Solutions given to these issues in jurisdictions with a greater tradition of arbitration. Finally, the possible consequences that the recent Supreme Court case law on the Kompetenz-kompetenz principle (“soft Thesis”) can have on the positive effect of the arbitration agreement are analyzed, as well as the possible extension to the scope of the arbitration agreement of the Supreme Court case law on liability for breach of a clause of submission to Spanish courts.Keywords: Arbitration agreement. Unequivocal will. Applicable law to the arbitration agreement. Extension of Effects of the arbitration agreement. Hybrid clause. Escalation clause. Positive and negative effects of the arbitration agreement. Soft thesis of Kompetenz-kompetenz. Liability.

scholarly journals Służebność gruntowa o treści odpowiadającej służebności przesyłu w świetle najnowszego orzecznictwa Trybunału Konstytucyjnego

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 207-219
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Barańska
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Lively Discussion ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Constitutional Tribunal ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

Problem konstytucyjności służebności gruntowej o treści odpowiadającej służebności przesyłu oraz możliwości jej zasiedzenia jest  przedmiotem ożywionej dyskusji już blisko od dekady. Mimo ugruntowanej i jednolitej linii orzeczniczej Sądu Najwyższego w tym  zakresie sądy powszechne cały czas mają wątpliwości, czy ta wykładnia znajduje umocowanie w przepisach kodeksu cywilnego. Nie  odmawiając interpretacji Sądu Najwyższego funkcjonalności, nie sposób jednak nie zauważyć towarzyszących jej mankamentów. Z  tego względu warte uwagi są ostatnie orzeczenia Trybunału Konstytucyjnego, który zdaje się po raz pierwszy zdecydował się  przełamać swoją bierną postawę. Building lease with the content corresponding to transmission easement in the light of the latest case law of the Constitutional TribunalThe problem of the constitutionality of a building lease with the content corresponding to transmission easement and the possibility of acquisitive prescription has been the subject of lively discussion already for almost a decade. Despite the well-established and unified jurisprudence of the Supreme Court in this regard, common courts constantly have doubts whether this interpretation is in line  with the provisions of the Civil Code. The Supreme Court’s interpretation is thought to have some shortcomings. That is why the last  ruling of the Constitutional Tribunal is worth paying attention to, as the Constitutional Tribunal seems to be for the first time active in this topic.

scholarly journals Glosa do wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 28 lutego 2017 r. (I CSK 127/16, LEX nr 2297403)

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Dumkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
Legal Issue ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Share Capital ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Estate Property

<p>The commented judgement concerns significant legal issue, namely the consequences of ineffective lapse of a six-month time limit for notification of share capital increase in a limited liability company, in respect of in-kind contributions in the form of real estate (property), that have been made before that time limit. Article 256 § 3 of the Code of Commercial Companies refers to respective application of Article 169 of the Code of Commercial Companies in respect to the registration of an amendment to the company deed. In the commented judgement, the Supreme Court explained how the above-mentioned reference should be interpreted in the case of the increase of share capital in a limited liability company for an in-kind contributions in the form of the share in the ownership of a property.</p>

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