scholarly journals Microbial Biomass and Enzymatic Activity of the Surface Microlayer and Subsurface Water in Two Dystrophic Lakes

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Kostrzewska-Szlakowska ◽  
Bartosz Kiersztyn
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Aminopeptidase Activity ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Humic Lakes ◽  
Organic Matter Concentration ◽  
Subsurface Waters ◽  
Nutrient Resources ◽  
Polyhumic Lake

Nutrient and organic matter concentration, microbial biomass and activities were studied at the surface microlayers (SML) and subsurface waters (SSW) in two small forest lakes of different water colour. The SML in polyhumic lake is more enriched with dissolved inorganic nitrogen (0.141 mg l–1) than that of oligohumic lake (0.124 mg l–1), the former also contains higher levels of total nitrogen (2.66 mg l–1). Higher activities of lipase (Vmax 2290 nmol l–1 h–1 in oligo- and 6098 in polyhumic) and glucosidase (Vmax 41 nmol l–1 h–1 in oligo- and 49 in polyhumic) were in the SMLs in both lakes. Phosphatase activity was higher in the oligohumic SML than in SSW (Vmax 632 vs. 339 nmol l–1 h–1) while in polyhumic lake was higher in SSW (Vmax 2258 nmol l–1 h–1 vs. 1908 nmol l–1 h–1). Aminopeptidase activity in the SSW in both lakes was higher than in SMLs (Vmax 2117 in oligo- and 1213 nmol l–1 h–1 in polyhumic). It seems that solar radiation does inhibit neuston microbial community as a whole because secondary production and the share of active bacteria in total bacteria number were higher in SSW. However, in the oligohumic lake the abundance of bacteria in the SML was always higher than in the SSW (4.07 vs. 2.69 × 106 cells ml–1) while in the polyhumic lake was roughly equal (4.48 vs. 4.33 × 106 cells ml–1) in both layers. Results may also suggest that surface communities are not supplemented by immigration from bulk communities. The SML of humic lakes may act as important sinks for allochthonous nutrient resources and may then generate considerable energy pools for microbial food webs.

scholarly journals Organochlorine Contaminants in Microlayer and Subsurface Water of Alexandria Coast, Egypt

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aly Mohammed Aly Abd-Allah
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
First Record ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Electron Capture Detection ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Hydrophobic Organic Compounds ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Organochlorine Contaminants ◽  
Subsurface Waters

Abstract The surface microlayer of seawater is a potential enrichment site for hydrophobic organic compounds. Concentrations of pesticidesand congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the microlayer and subsurface waters of Alexandria coast were assessed. A 0.22 m2 screen was used to collect microlayer samples at 12 stations in June 1997. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GCECD) and confirmed by GC with mass spectrometry. Ten organochlorine pesticides and 10 PCB congeners were measured. The surface microlayer was enriched 2- to 3-fold in pesticides and PCBs. The most contaminated locations studied were Abu-Quir Bay and the Eastern Harbor. This study provides the first record of residues of PCB congeners in the studied areasand the first data about microlayer enrichment at Alexandria's Mediterranean Coast.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal variation in number and production of neustonic and planktonic bacteria inhabiting polluted estuarine harbour channel

2021 ◽  
Vol 203 (9) ◽  
pp. 5547-5559
Author(s):  
Piotr Perliński ◽  
Zbigniew J. Mudryk ◽  
Marta Zdanowicz ◽  
Łukasz Kubera
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Water Basin ◽  
Planktonic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

AbstractThe aim of this paper was to determine the abundance and secondary production by bacteria inhabiting the surface microlayer and subsurface water in a specific water basin, i.e., polluted estuarine harbour channel. In a 3-year seasonal cycle, the total number of bacteria and their biomass were higher in the surface microlayer (SML) 7.57 × 108cells dm−3 and 15.86 µg C dm−3 than in the subsurface water (SSW) 4.25 × 108cells dm−3 and 9.11 µg C dm−3 of the studied channel. The opposite relationship was noted in the level of the secondary production (SML—37.16 μg C dm−3 h−1, SSW—60.26 μg C dm−3 h−1) in this water basin. According to the analysed microbiological parameters, the total number of bacteria and secondary production varied along the horizontal profile in the water of the studied channel. The total number of bacteria and their secondary production showed the seasonal variation as well.

Nitrogen patterns in subsurface waters of the Yzeron stream: effect of combined sewer overflows and subsurface–surface water mixing

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2632-2637 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Aucour ◽  
T. Bariac ◽  
P. Breil ◽  
P. Namour ◽  
L. Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Nitrogen Forms ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Subsurface Waters ◽  
Sewer Overflows

Urbanization subjects streams to increased nitrogen loads. Therefore studying nitrogen forms at the interface between urban stream and groundwater is important for water resource management. In this study we report results on water δ18O and nitrogen forms in subsurface waters of a stream (Yzeron, France). The sites studied were located upstream and downstream of combined sewer overflows (CSO) in a rural area and a periurban area, respectively. Water δ18O allowed us to follow the mixing of subsurface water with surface water. Dissolved organic nitrogen and organic carbon of fine sediment increased by 20–30% between rural and periurban subsurface waters in the cold season, under high flow. The highest nitrate levels were observed in rural subsurface waters in the cold season. The lowest nitrate levels were found in periurban subsurface waters in the warm season, under low flow. They corresponded to slow exchange of subsurface waters with channel water. Thus reduced exchange between surface and subsurface waters and organic-matter-rich input seemed to favor nitrate reduction in the downstream, periurban, subsurface waters impacted by CSO.

Comparison of the water quality of the surface microlayer and subsurface water in the Guangzhou segment of the Pearl River, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Liu ◽  
Xiaojuan Hu ◽  
Jiangluan Jiang ◽  
Junyi Zhang ◽  
Zhihui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
The Pearl River

Microbiological and chemical enrichment of freshwater-surface microlayers relative to the bulk-subsurface water

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1051-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger F. Hatcher ◽  
Bruce C. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Chemical Enrichment

Concentrations of bacteria, fungi, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, orthophosphate, sulfate, and certain metals were enriched in freshwater-surface microlayer samples relative to the bulk-subsurface water. Results differed markedly depending on which of three methods for surface-microlayer collection was used. This report suggests that the biologically and chemically rich freshwater-surface microlayers contribute to ecological functions and interactions between subsurface water and the atmosphere not heretofore investigated in freshwater.

scholarly journals Biochemical characteristics and bacterial community structure of the sea surface microlayer in the South Pacific Ocean

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2809-2844 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Obernosterer ◽  
P. Catala ◽  
R. Lami ◽  
J. Caparros ◽  
J. Ras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
South Pacific Ocean ◽  
Subsurface Waters ◽  
Card Fish

Abstract. The chemical and biological characteristics of the surface microlayer were determined during a transect across the South Pacific Ocean in October-December 2004. Concentrations of particulate organic carbon (1.3 to 7.6-fold) and nitrogen (1.4 to 7), and POC:PON ratios were consistently higher in the surface microlayer as compared to subsurface waters (5 m). The large variability in particulate organic matter enrichment was negatively correlated to wind speed. No enhanced concentrations of dissolved organic carbon were detectable in the surface microlayer as compared to 5 m, but chromophoric dissolved organic matter was markedly enriched (by 2 to 4-fold) at all sites. Based on pigment analysis and cell counts, no consistent enrichment of any of the major components of the autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial community was detectable. CE-SSCP fingerprints and CARD FISH revealed that the bacterial communities present in the surface microlayer had close similarity (>76%) to those in subsurface waters. By contrast, bacterial heterotrophic production (3H-leucine incorporation) was consistently lower in the surface microlayer than in subsurface waters. By applying CARD-FISH and microautoradiography, we observed that Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria dominated leucine uptake in the surface microlayer, while in subsurface waters Bacteroidetes and Alphaproteobacteria were the major groups accounting for leucine incorporation. Our results demonstrate that the microbial community in the surface microlayer closely resembles that of the surface waters of the open ocean. However, even short time periods in the surface microlayer result in differences in bacterial groups accounting for leucine incorporation, probably as a response to the differences in the physical and chemical nature of the two layers.

Subsurface Water - Tool for Petroleum Exploration

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
A.G. Ostroff
Keyword(s):  
Classification Systems ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Primary Object ◽  
Water Classification ◽  
Dissolved Species ◽  
Subsurface Waters ◽  
Exploration Tool

Abstract The close association of hydrocarbon accumulations with subsurface waters bas led to the use of properties of these waters as a secondary exploration tool. Both chemical and physical characteristics of subsurface waters have been utilized in the search for petroleum. The movement of subsurface waters bas made a significant contribution to the accumulation of petroleum. In addition to dissolved organic and inorganic constituents, hydrodynamic movement, oxidation-reduction potentials, and water classification systems have been advocated for use in petroleum exploration. Water properties have been utilized in locating permeability barriers, faults, geopressured zones, and unconformities. Examples of water as an exploration tool are given. Introduction When the topic oilfield water is mentioned, our first thoughts are usually of a waste fluid that may cause many problems. Some of these that immediately come to mind are those of scale, corrosion, and disposal. Although subsurface water is seldom the primary object of our exploration programs, it is primary object of our exploration programs, it is of primary importance in the accumulation and production of petroleum. production of petroleum. Fig. 1 illustrates the areas of petroleum technology that are influenced by or result from subsurface waters. Starting at the center circle with the origin of water in the subsurface and working out toward the edge, we can appreciate the areas of petroleum technology that are influenced by water. petroleum technology that are influenced by water. Water in the subsurface was important in the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. Through the processes of dissolution and precipitation, water has influenced porosity and permeability. The chemical environment has influenced the redox potential and the dissolved species in solution. potential and the dissolved species in solution. Trace constituents, hydrodynamics, and classification systems have all been used as exploration tools. It is this portion of the diagram that is discussed in this paper. The following sections of this paper briefly describe the processes that affect subsurface water and relate dissolved constituents to the chemical and physical conditions existing in the subsurface. It is these processes that complicate the use of subsurface water as an exploration tool and the chemical and physical relationships that enable us to use water as a tool. Illustrations of some uses of subsurface water as a tool in petroleum exploration are offered. SOURCE OF SUBSURFACE WATERS Water in subsurface formations may be present as a result of either water trapped during sedimentation or infiltrating meteoric water, or a combination of the two sources. Water of sedimentation may range from partly evaporated sea water to nearly fresh water. In this marine or aqueous environment, sediments more dense than water settle to the bottom and collect with the water content highest in the topmost layers of sediments. As the height of sediments increases, compaction decreases the pore spaces between the solid particles and forces the water (and often hydrocarbons) from the sediments. SPEJ P. 50

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