Christian Hajjis—the Other Orthodox Pilgrims to Jerusalem

Slavic Review ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-346
Author(s):  
Valentina Izmirlieva
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eastern Orthodox ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
Upward Social Mobility ◽  
Slavic Studies

In this article, I identify the Christian “hajj” to Jerusalem as an important Ottoman sociocultural phenomenon. I argue that by the nineteenth century the Balkan Eastern Orthodox communities in the Ottoman empire had restructured and reinterpreted their Holy Land pilgrimages to mirror the Muslim hajj to Mecca. As a result, the ritual trip to Jerusalem was transformed into a mechanism for upward social mobility and communal empowerment. By exploring the structural and functional similarities between the Muslim and the Christian hajj, this article contributes to studies of Muslim-Christian interactions outside “the clash of civilizations” paradigm. It also reveals striking distinctions between the Balkan Christian hajjis and the Russian palomniki, calling into question the influential scholarly assumption of Eastern Orthodox practices' homogeneity, an assumption that stands largely uncontested in the field of Slavic studies.

Part I Histories, Ch.6 The Ottoman Empire, the Origins of Extraterritoriality, and International Legal Theory

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özsu Umut
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
International Law ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The One ◽  
Intellectual Production

This chapter argues that it was partly through engagement with the Ottoman Empire, particularly its tradition of extraterritorial consular jurisdiction, that nineteenth-century European and American jurists came to view China, Japan, and a number of other states as ‘semi-civilized’, setting them against ‘civilized’ states on the one hand and ‘savage’ peoples on the other. These states on the ‘semi-periphery’ exercise a greater degree of agency in international law, given their closeness to dominant centers of economic and intellectual production that had come under their influence, as well as their possession of national traditions and state institutions resilient enough to resist formal colonization. These traits are especially evident in the case of the Ottoman Empire, a powerful state that made a point of modifying its profile for different audiences.

Travel Literature, Pilgrims and Missionaries: A Mid-Nineteenth Century Duel Over the Holy Land

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Issa A. Saliba
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Travel Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Future

The image of the Holy Land/Palestine and special affinity among Protestant Americans in the first half of the nineteenth century, a period which has received relatively little religious analysis, was directly influenced by the Bible, but also by inaccurate descriptions of travellers in the region. This fact is illustrated by sharp exchanges between two Holy Land enthusiasts, James Silk Buckingham and Eli Smith. Their disagreements in describing famous places fed into divergent narratives about Palestine, one romantic and the other more realistic, both of which, however, were manipulated by the future Zionist enterprise to assert Jewish claims and ascendancy.

Students, Workers, and Social Change: The Limits of Czech Stalinism

Slavic Review ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Connelly
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Elite Status ◽  
Working Class Students ◽  
Upward Social Mobility

Only a few years after the defeat of Nazi Germany, communists throughout eastern Europe began constructing new societies according to models imported from the Soviet Union. One of the most important tasks facing them in this enterprise was to establish firm bases of social support. For this, the Soviet model seemed straightforward: communists had to destroy the power of the old elites and recruit new elites from underprivileged social strata. In the 1920s the Bolsheviks had attempted to achieve these goals through higher education. By using affirmative action in student admissions and setting up worker preparation courses—the rabfaky—they broke the ability of the former upper classes to bequeath status and rapidly increased the numbers of workers and peasants among university students. Between 1927-28 and 1932-33 the number of working-class students doubled to half of all students, while the total number of students more than doubled. Issues of ideology aside, the logic of this transformation was simple: underprivileged social classes were likely to reward communists with loyalty in exchange for upward social mobility. The middle and upper classes, on the other hand, had considered it their prerogative to aspire to elite status. Their attachment to communism would always seem suspect, because in the best of cases it was based upon ideological commitment alone.

scholarly journals Nineteenth century Middle East through photographs : examining two photographic albums

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Ghorbankarimi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean

This thesis examines and compares two nineteenth-century photographic albums of travels in the Middle East from the collection of George Eastman House International Museum of Photography and Film. The first album, compiled of amateur photographs, illustrates a trip up the Nile River from Egypt to Nubia. The other album is composed of commercial photographs depicting a journey from the Mediterranean to Algeria, with focus on the Holy Land. The commercial photographs are idealized and posed, while the amateur photographs are fresh, realistic, and capture the world as it is. However, these two albums both portray the Middle East as uncivilized, culturally backward, and frozen in antiquity and its people are depicted as primitive and or sexual objects. This misrepresentation is the result of the preconceived notions of the nineteenth-century Middle East created by Orientalist scholars.

scholarly journals Nineteenth century Middle East through photographs : examining two photographic albums

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Ghorbankarimi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean

This thesis examines and compares two nineteenth-century photographic albums of travels in the Middle East from the collection of George Eastman House International Museum of Photography and Film. The first album, compiled of amateur photographs, illustrates a trip up the Nile River from Egypt to Nubia. The other album is composed of commercial photographs depicting a journey from the Mediterranean to Algeria, with focus on the Holy Land. The commercial photographs are idealized and posed, while the amateur photographs are fresh, realistic, and capture the world as it is. However, these two albums both portray the Middle East as uncivilized, culturally backward, and frozen in antiquity and its people are depicted as primitive and or sexual objects. This misrepresentation is the result of the preconceived notions of the nineteenth-century Middle East created by Orientalist scholars.

scholarly journals A brief survey of the fight against corruption in the Russian and Ottoman Empire in the first half of the 19th century

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-171
Author(s):  
Kristina Jorgic ◽  
Petar Colic
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Government ◽  
Systemic Corruption ◽  
The 19Th Century

For the Russian and Turkish Empire the nineteenth century is the period of adopting reform laws to modernize the country in order to be competitive in the course of time. Although the reform process in Russia was obstructed by the Arakcheyev regime and reactionary politics of Nicholas I of Russia, the government made a serious step in the fight against systemic corruption, enacting the Criminal Code of 1845. On the other hand, Turkey was undoubtedly under considerable foreign pressure concerning modernization processes. The Tanzimat period represents a significant epoch in which Turkey, among other countries, was faced with widespread corruption. The crown success of reformatory work in Turkey was adoption of the Criminal Code of 1856. This paper analyzes the specific laws which sanctioned corruption in these two empires.

Friendship, sociability, and masculinity in the Ottoman Empire: An essay confronting the ghosts of historicism

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 103-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Delice
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Constructivist Approaches

AbstractThis paper explores the historical transformation of masculinity and male intimacy in the Ottoman Empire, with a special emphasis on ethnic, class and gender subtexts of same-sex relationships. Focusing on two significant historical narratives—one written by the historian Mustafâ Âlî in the late sixteenth century, the other by the nineteenth-century historian Cevdet Paşa—I will discuss the ways in which both historians produced narratives of transition and decadence and deployed a problematic historicism that does identify same-sex intimacy. Coming to terms with the inadequacies of both essentialist/identity-based and constructivist approaches for understanding historically specific gender and sexual identifications, I will argue for a new set of concepts that will allow us to appreciate the continuing instrumental significance of same-sex intimacy in a wider discussion of friendship, masculinity and conduct. I will also interrogate the extent to which we might read historical narratives, in spite of their historicist, silencing effects, from a new perspective on subjectivity—a perspective that accounts for the potential of historical subjects to weave webs of identification and sociability, as well as to create relational modes that escape the regulatory, hetero-normalizing agenda of historicism.

Ruler Visibility and Popular Belonging in the Ottoman Empire, 1808-1908

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darin Stephanov
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Consciousness ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Point Model ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
National Movements ◽  
Tanzimat Reforms ◽  
The One

‘What do we really speak of when we speak of the modern ethno-national mindset and where shall we search for its roots?’ This is the central question of a book arguing that the periodic ceremonial intrusion into the everyday lives of people across the Ottoman Empire, which the annual royal birthday and accession-day celebrations constituted, had multiple, far-reaching, and largely unexplored consequences. On the one hand, it brought ordinary subjects into symbolic contact with the monarch and forged lasting vertical ties of loyalty to him, irrespective of language, location, creed or class. On the other hand, the rounds of royal celebration played a key role in the creation of new types of horizontal ties and ethnic group consciousness that crystallized into national movements, and, after the empire’s demise, national monarchies. The book discusses the themes of public space/sphere, the Tanzimat reforms, millet, modernity, nationalism, governmentality, and the modern state, among others. It offers a new, thirteen-point model of modern belonging based on the concept of ruler visibility.

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