scholarly journals Cell Selection Mechanism Based on Q-learning Environment in Femtocell LTE-A Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-70
Author(s):  
Ammar Abdulrazzak Bathich ◽  
Saiful Izwan Suliman ◽  
Hj. Mohd Asri Hj. Mansor ◽  
Sinan Ghassan Abid Ali ◽  
Raed Abdulla
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Base Station ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Cell Selection ◽  
Selection Mechanism ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
Selection Procedures ◽  
Q Learning

Universal mobile networks require enhanced capability and appropriate quality of service (QoS) and experience (QoE). To achieve this, Long Term Evolution (LTE) system operators have intensively deployed femtocells (HeNBs) along with macrocells (eNBs) to offer user equipment (UE) with optimal capacity coverage and best quality of service. To achieve the requirement of QoS in the handover stage among macrocells and femtocells we need a seamless cell selection mechanism. Cell selection requirements are considered a difficult task in femtocell-based networks and effective cell selection procedures are essential to reduce the ping-pong phenomenon and to minimize needless handovers. In this study, we propose a seamless cell selection scheme for macrocell-femtocell LTE systems, based on the Q-learning environment. A novel cell selection mechanism is proposed for high-density femtocell network topologies to evaluate the target base station in the handover stage. We used the LTE-Sim simulator to implement and evaluate the cell selection procedures. The simulation results were encouraging: a decrease in the control signaling rate and packet loss ratio were observed and at the same time the system throughput was increased.

scholarly journals QoS-Guaranteed Radio Resource Management in LTE-A Co-Channel Networks with Dual Connectivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 3018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren-Hung Hwang ◽  
Min-Chun Peng ◽  
Kai-Chung Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Cell Selection ◽  
Data Transfer Rate ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
Cell Edge ◽  
Q Learning ◽  
Dual Connectivity

Dual connectivity (DC) was first proposed in 3GPP Release 12 which allows one piece of user equipment (UE) to connect to two base stations in heterogeneous networks (HetNet) at the same time, to increase the flexibility of resource utilization. DC has been further extended to multiple connectivity in 5G New Radio (NR). On the other hand, different UE tends to have different bandwidth requirements. Thus, in DC, one of the challenging issues is how to integrate resources from two base stations to enhance the quality of service (QoS) as well as the data transfer rate of each UE. In this paper, we proposed novel resource management mechanisms to improve the QoS of UE in the co-channel dual connectivity network. In terms of resource allocation, we designed the (MTS) which, in principle, allocates a resource block to the UE with the best channel quality while considering the issues of intercell resource allocation and the QoS requirement of each UE. In order to balance the load of different cells, we designed a novel cell selection scheme based on the HetNet Congestion Indicator (HCI) which considers not only the signal quality of UE but also the remaining resources of each base station. To improve the QoS of cell edge UE, cell range expansion (CRE) and the Almost Blank Subframe (ABS) were proposed in 3GPP. In this paper, based on Q-learning, we designed an adaptive mechanism which dynamically adjusts the ABS ratio according to the network condition to improve resource utilization. Our simulation results showed that our MTS scheduler was able to achieve a 31.44% higher data rate than the Proportional Fairness Scheduler; our HCI cell selection scheme yielded a 2.98% higher data rate than the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) cell selection scheme; the QoS satisfaction rate of our Q-learning dynamic ABS scheme was 4.06% higher than that of the Static ABS scheme. Finally, for the cell edge users who often suffer poor data transfer rate, by integrating the mechanisms of DC, CRE, and ABS, our experimental results showed that the QoS satisfaction ratio of cell edge UEs could be improved by 10.76% as compared to the single connectivity and no ABS situation.

scholarly journals Joint power allocation and subcarrier assignment for device to device in 5G time division duplex networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 155014771881109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Zhao ◽  
Lei Feng ◽  
Peng Yu ◽  
Wenjing Li ◽  
Xuesong Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Power Allocation ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Joint Power ◽  
Time Division Duplex ◽  
Device To Device ◽  
Minlp Problem ◽  
Device To Device Communication ◽  
Time Division

The explosive demands for mobile broadband service bring a major challenge to 5G wireless networks. Device-to-device communication, adopting side links for user-direct communication, is regarded as a main technical source for offloading large volume of mobile traffic from cellular base station. This article investigates the joint power and subcarrier allocation scheme for device-to-device communication in 5G time division duplex systems. In time division duplex system, instead of utilizing an exclusive portion of the precious cellular spectrum, device-to-device pairs reuse the subcarriers occupied by cellular users, thus producing harmful interference to cellular users in both uplink and downlink communication, and strongly limiting the spectrum efficiency of the system. To this end, we focus on the maximization of device-to-device throughput while guaranteeing both uplink and downlink channel quality of service of cellular users as well as device-to-device pairs. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problem. To make it tractable, we separate the original MINLP problem into two sub problems: power allocation and sub-carrier reusing. The former is to develop optimal power allocation for each device-to-device pair and each cellular user, with the constraints of maximum power and quality of service. It is solved by geometric programming technique in convex optimization method. The latter is derived as a one-to-many matching problem for scheduling multiple subcarriers occupied by cellulars to device-to-device pairs. It is solved by Hungarian method. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves system capacity of the device-to-device underlay network, with quality of service of both device-to-device users and cellular users guaranteed.

scholarly journals Decentralized and Dynamic Band Selection in Uplink Enhanced Licensed-Assisted Access: Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fitsum Debebe Tilahun ◽  
Chung G. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Band Selection ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
Aggregation Technology

Enhanced licensed-assisted access (eLAA) is an operational mode that allows the use of unlicensed band to support long-term evolution (LTE) service via carrier aggregation technology. The extension of additional bandwidth is beneficial to meet the demands of the growing mobile traffic. In the uplink eLAA, which is prone to unexpected interference from WiFi access points, resource scheduling by the base station, and then performing a listen before talk (LBT) mechanism by the users can seriously affect the resource utilization. In this paper, we present a decentralized deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based approach in which each user independently learns dynamic band selection strategy that maximizes its own rate. Through extensive simulations, we show that the proposed DRL-based band selection scheme improves resource utilization while supporting certain minimum quality of service (QoS).

scholarly journals ANALISA PERFORMANSI COMBAT BTS ROOFTOP PADA JALUR TRANSMISI FIBER OPTIK METRO E

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Setiyo Budiyanto ◽  
Hanifah Diana
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Internet Protocol ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Radio Network ◽  
Network Connection ◽  
Delay Jitter ◽  
Base Transceiver Station

Pada saat ini teknologi serat optik menjadi media transmisi yang layak diperhitungkan penggunaannya dalam penyediaan akses karena memiliki kapabilitas dan kapasitas  yang  paling  tinggi  dibandingkan  dengan  media  transmisi  lainnya.  Dalam menyediakan akses informasi dengan volume bandwidth yang besar, serat optik memiliki prospek yang menjanjikan. Akses microwave berbasis sistem multiplexing saat ini mulai digantikan perannya dengan akses serat optik berbasis Internet Protocol (IP) yang disebut dengan Metro Ethernet. Aplikasi  Metro  Ethernet  untuk  akses  ke  menara  Base  Station  Transceiver  (BTS) dan  Radio  Network  Connection  (RNC)  operator  selular  merupakan  salah  satu  tawaran yang  diberikan  oleh  jaringan  Metro  Ethernet  saat  ini.  Penggunaan  Ip  clock  sangat dibutuhkan pada Base Transceiver Station (BTS) untuk sinkronisasi jaringan sebagai jam global yang berasal dari jam GPS diakuisisi oleh sejumlah BTS. IP clock didistribusikan ke pengendali serta acuan  berbagai jaringan, dan dari sana ke jaringan perangkat akses, sehingga  terwujud  sinkronisasi  jaringan  komunikasi  konvergensi  antara  BTS  ke  RNC yang melewati Metro E dengan media transmisi Fiber Optik. Pada penelitian ini, penulis menganalisa permasalahan link BTS dengan IP Clock sebagai alarm monitoring dan kaitannya dengan kesesuaian V-lan pada jaringan tersebut. Perhitungan  dan  analisa  Quality  of  Service  (QOS)  dari  penggunaan  fiber  optik  sebagai media  transmisi  yang  melewati  Metro  E  pada  link  antara  BTS  ke  RNC,  dimana parameter-parameter pandukung yang digunakan seperti Delay, Jitter, Packet Loss, untuk memudahkan dalam mengetahui performansinya.Kata Kunci : Fiber Optik, Metro E, BTS, IP Clock, QoS

scholarly journals QoS-Oriented Dynamic Power Allocation in NOMA-based Wireless Caching Networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Yin ◽  
Miao Liu ◽  
Guan Gui ◽  
Haris Gacanin ◽  
Fumiyuki Adachi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Power Allocation ◽  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Base Station ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Allocation Strategy ◽  
Dynamic Power ◽  
Qos Requirement

<div>Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) based</div><div>wireless caching network (WCN) is considered as one of the most</div><div>promising technologies for next-generation wireless communications</div><div>since it can significantly improve the spectral efficiency.</div><div>In this paper, we propose a quality of service (QoS)-oriented</div><div>dynamic power allocation strategy for NOMA-WCN. In content</div><div>stack phase, the base station sends multiple files to the content</div><div>servers by allocating different powers according to the different</div><div>QoS targets of files, for ensuring that all content servers can</div><div>successfully decode the two most popular files. In content deliver</div><div>phase, the content servers serve two users at the same time</div><div>by allocating the minimum power to the far user according</div><div>to the QoS requirement, and then all the remaining power is</div><div>allocated to the near user. Hence, the proposed power allocation</div><div>scheme is able to increase the hit probability and drop the outage</div><div>probability compared with conventional method. Simulation</div><div>results confirm that the proposed power allocation method can</div><div>significantly improve the caching hit probability and reduce the</div><div>user outage probability. It is also shown that this strategy can</div><div>reduce the user delay time, improve the system efficiency and</div><div>the capacity.</div>

scholarly journals Design of a cell selection mechanism to mitigate interference for cell-edge macro users in femto-macro heterogeneous network

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-187
Author(s):  
Shapina Abdullah ◽  
Norashidah Md. Din ◽  
Shamsul J. Elias ◽  
Adam Wong Yoon Khang ◽  
Roshidi Din ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Network ◽  
Base Station ◽  
User Equipment ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Cell Selection ◽  
Resource Block ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
Cell Edge ◽  
Physical Resource ◽  
Physical Resource Block

The Femto-Macro heterogeneous network is a promising solution to improve the network capacity and coverage in mobile network. However interference may rise due to femtocell deployment nearby to macro user equipment (MUE) within macrocell network coverage. Femtocell offers main priority in resource allocation to its subscribed femto user equipment (FUE) rather than unsubscribed MUE. MUEs will suffer severe interference when they are placed near or within the femtocell area range especially at the cell edge. This phenomenon occurs due to the distance is far from its serving macro base station (MBS) to receive good signal strength. This paper presents a design of cell selection scheme for cell-edge MUE to select an optimal femto base station (FBS) as its primary serving cell in physical resource block allocation. In this study, the proposed cell selection consists of four main elements: measuring the closest FBS distance, Signal to Interference-plus- Noise-Ratio (SINR), physical resource block (PRB) availability and node density level for the selected base station. The main goal is to ensure celledge MUE has priority fairly with FUE in physical resource block allocation per user bandwidth demand to mitigate interference. Hence, the cell-edge MUE has good experienced on receiving an adequate user data rate to improve higher network throughput.

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